This should have been updated in d2d8a229, but it was overlooked.
According to 31a877f1 which added it, this file is meant to show the
results you get under default_transaction_isolation = serializable.
We've largely lost track of that goal in other isolation tests, but
as long as we've got this one, it should be right.

Noted while fooling about with the isolationtester.

This should have been removed in 43e08419, which removed the
corresponding spec file.  Noted while fooling about with the
isolationtester.

It was unable to wait on a backend that had already left the procarray.
Users tolerant of that limitation can poll pg_stat_activity.  Other
users can employ the "timeout" argument of pg_terminate_backend().

Reviewed by Bharath Rupireddy.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210605013236.GA208701@rfd.leadboat.com

Revert the pg_description entry to its v13 form, since those messages
usually remain shorter and don't discuss individual parameters.  No
catversion bump, since pg_description content does not impair backend
compatibility or application compatibility.

Justin Pryzby

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210612182743.GY16435@telsasoft.com

I overlooked that one condition was logically inverted.  The fix is a
little bit more involved than simply negating the condition, to make
the code easier to read.

Fix some outdated comments left by the same commit, while at it.

Author: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Author: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YMRlmB3/lZw8YBH+@paquier.xyz

Items related to logical replication attribution and BRIN indexes

Reported-by: Tomas Vondra, John Naylor

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/0db66294-a668-2caa-2b5e-a8db60b30662@enterprisedb.com, CAFBsxsH21KnteYdk33F1oZu2O726NSD6_XBq51Tn0jytsA1AnA@mail.gmail.com

Reported-by: Justin Pryzby

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210612034551.GU16435@telsasoft.com

User-defined objects that reference some built-in array functions will
need to be recreated in PG 14.

Reported-by: Justin Pryzby

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210608225618.GR16435@telsasoft.com

An object found as dropped when digging into the list of objects
returned by pg_event_trigger_ddl_commands() could cause a cache lookup
error, as the calls grabbing for the object address and the type name
would fail if the object was missing.

Those lookup errors could be seen with combinations of ALTER TABLE
sub-commands involving identity columns.  The lookup logic is changed in
this code path to get a behavior similar to any other SQL-callable
function by ignoring objects that are not found, taking advantage of
2a10fdc4.  The back-branches are not changed, as they require this commit
that is too invasive for stable branches.

While on it, add test cases to exercise event triggers with identity
columns, and stress more cases with the event ddl_command_end for
relations.

Author: Sven Klemm, Aleksander Alekseev, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAMCrgp2R1cEXU53iYKtW6yVEp2_yKUz+z=3-CTrYpPP+xryRtg@mail.gmail.com

The extra checks added by the recompression of toast data introduced in
bbe0a81d is proving to have a performance impact on VACUUM or CLUSTER
even if no recompression is done.  This is more noticeable with more
toastable columns that contain non-NULL values.

Improvements could be done to make those extra checks less expensive,
but that's not material for 14 at this stage, and we are not sure either
if the code path of VACUUM FULL/CLUSTER is adapted for this job.

Per discussion with several people, including Andres Freund, Robert
Haas, Álvaro Herrera, Tom Lane and myself.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210527003144.xxqppojoiwurc2iz@alap3.anarazel.de

Recent glibc versions have made mktime() fail if tm_isdst is
inconsistent with the prevailing timezone; in particular it fails for
tm_isdst = 1 when the zone is UTC.  (This seems wildly inconsistent
with the POSIX-mandated treatment of "incorrect" values for the other
fields of struct tm, so if you ask me it's a bug, but I bet they'll
say it's intentional.)  This has been observed to cause cosmetic
problems when pg_restore'ing an archive created in a different
timezone.

To fix, do mktime() using the field values from the archive, and if
that fails try again with tm_isdst = -1.  This will give a result
that's off by the UTC-offset difference from the original zone, but
that was true before, too.  It's not terribly critical since we don't
do anything with the result except possibly print it.  (Someday we
should flush this entire bit of logic and record a standard-format
timestamp in the archive instead.  That's not okay for a back-patched
bug fix, though.)

Also, guard our only other use of mktime() by having initdb's
build_time_t() set tm_isdst = -1 not 0.  This case could only have
an issue in zones that are DST year-round; but I think some do exist,
or could in future.

Per report from Wells Oliver.  Back-patch to all supported
versions, since any of them might need to run with a newer glibc.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAOC+FBWDhDHO7G-i1_n_hjRzCnUeFO+H-Czi1y10mFhRWpBrew@mail.gmail.com

Translate path slashes on target directory path. This was confusing old
branches, but is applied to all branches for the sake of uniformity.
Perl is perfectly able to understand paths with forward slashes.

Along the way, restore the previous archive_wait query, for the sake of
uniformity with other tests, per gripe from Tom Lane.

This is similar to the work done in 8279f68a for TestLib.pm, where
environment variables set may cause unwanted failures if using a
temporary installation with pg_regress.  The list of variables reset is
adjusted in each stable branch depending on what is supported.

Comments are added to remember that the lists in TestLib.pm and
pg_regress.c had better be kept in sync.

Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YMNR9GYDn+fHlMta@paquier.xyz
Backpatch-through: 9.6

Several TAP tests use poll_query_until() to wait for the postmaster
to restart.  They were checking to see if a trivial query
(e.g. "SELECT 1") succeeds.  However, that's problematic in the wake
of commit 11e9caff, because now that we feed said query to psql
via stdin, we risk IPC::Run whining about a SIGPIPE failure if psql
quits before reading the query.  Hence, we can't use a nonempty
query in cases where we need to wait for connection failures to
stop happening.

Per the precedent of commits c757a3da and 6d41dd04, we can pass
"undef" as the query in such cases to ensure that IPC::Run has
nothing to write.  However, then we have to say that the expected
output is empty, and this exposes a deficiency in poll_query_until:
if psql fails altogether and returns empty stdout, poll_query_until
will treat that as a success!  That's because, contrary to its
documentation, it makes no actual check for psql failure, looking
neither at the exit status nor at stderr.

To fix that, adjust poll_query_until to insist on empty stderr as
well as a stdout match.  (I experimented with checking exit status
instead, but it seems that psql often does exit(1) in cases that we
need to consider successes.  That might be something to fix someday,
but it would be a non-back-patchable behavior change.)

Back-patch to v10.  The test cases needing this exist only as far
back as v11, but it seems wise to keep poll_query_until's behavior
the same in v10, in case we back-patch another such test case in
future.  (9.6 does not currently need this change, because in that
branch poll_query_until can't be told to accept empty stdout as
a success case.)

Per assorted buildfarm failures, mostly on hoverfly.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA4eK1+zM6L4QSA1XMvXY_qqWwdUmqkOS1+hWvL8QcYEBGA1Uw@mail.gmail.com

Previously, a zero value for the relfilenode resulted in
a confusing error message about "unexpected duplicate".
This function returns NULL for other invalid relfilenode
values, so zero should be treated likewise.

It's been like this all along, so back-patch to all supported
branches.

Justin Pryzby

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210612023324.GT16435@telsasoft.com

Using an Assert to check the validity of incoming messages is an
extremely poor decision.  In a debug build, it should not be that easy
for a broken or malicious remote client to crash the logrep worker.
The consequences could be even worse in non-debug builds, which will
fail to make such checks at all, leading to who-knows-what misbehavior.
Hence, promote every Assert that could possibly be triggered by wrong
or out-of-order replication messages to a full test-and-ereport.

To avoid bloating the set of messages the translation team has to cope
with, establish a policy that replication protocol violation error
reports don't need to be translated.  Hence, all the new messages here
use errmsg_internal().  A couple of old messages are changed likewise
for consistency.

Along the way, fix some non-idiomatic or outright wrong uses of
hash_search().

Most of these mistakes are new with the "streaming replication"
patch (commit 46482432), but a couple go back a long way.
Back-patch as appropriate.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1719083.1623351052@sss.pgh.pa.us

Commit caba8f0d wasn't quite right for msys, as demonstrated by
several buildfarm animals, including jacana and fairywren. We need to
use the msys perl in the archive command, but call it in such a way that
Windows will understand the path. Furthermore, inside the copy script we
need to convert a Windows path to an msys path.

This routine is designed to never return an empty description or NULL,
providing description fallbacks even if missing objects are accepted,
but it included a code path where this was considered possible.  All the
callers of this routine already consider NULL as not possible, so
change a bit the code to map with the assumptions of the callers, and
add more comments close to the callers of this routine to outline the
behavior expected.

This code is new as of 2a10fdc4, so no backpatch is needed.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YMNY6RGPBRCeLmFb@paquier.xyz

ab55d742 has introduced some tests with rows found as missing in logical
replication subscriptions for partitioned tables, relying on a logic
with a lookup of the logs generated, scanning the whole file.  This
commit makes the logic more precise, by scanning the logs only from the
position before the key queries are run to the position where we check
for the logs.  This will reduce the risk of issues with log patterns
overlapping with each other if those tests get more complicated in the
future.

Per discussion with Tom Lane.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YMP+Gx2S8meYYHW4@paquier.xyz
Backpatch-through: 13

941697c3 changed ProcArrayAdd()/Remove() substantially. As reported by
zhanyi, I missed that due to the introduction of the PGPROC->pgxactoff
ProcArrayRemove() does not need to search for the position in
procArray->pgprocnos anymore - that's pgxactoff. Remove the search loop.

The removal of the search loop reduces assertion coverage a bit - but we can
easily do better than before by adding assertions to other loops over
pgprocnos elements.

Also do a bit of cleanup, mostly by reducing line lengths by introducing local
helper variables and adding newlines.

Author: zhanyi <w@hidva.com>
Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/tencent_5624AA3B116B3D1C31CA9744@qq.com

Reported-by: Justin Pryzby

We were already reporting it, but only after the parallel workers were
finished, which is visibly much later than what happens in a serial
build.

With this change we report it when the leader starts its own sort phase
when participating in the build (the normal case).  Now this might
happen a little later than when the workers start their sorting phases,
but a) communicating the actual phase start from workers is likely to be
a hassle, and b) the sort phase start is pretty fuzzy anyway, since
sorting per se is actually initiated by tuplesort.c internally earlier
than tuplesort_performsort() is called.

Backpatch to pg12, where the progress reporting code for CREATE INDEX
went in.
Reported-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@enterprisedb.com>
Author: Matthias van de Meent <boekewurm+postgres@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Greg Nancarrow <gregn4422@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1128176d-1eee-55d4-37ca-e63644422adb

apply_handle_tuple_routing(), having detected and reported that
the tuple it needed to update didn't exist, tried to update that
tuple anyway, leading to a null-pointer dereference.

logicalrep_partition_open() failed to ensure that the
LogicalRepPartMapEntry it built for a partition was fully
independent of that for the partition root, leading to
trouble if the root entry was later freed or rebuilt.

Meanwhile, on the publisher's side, pgoutput_change() sometimes
attempted to apply execute_attr_map_tuple() to a NULL tuple.

The first of these was reported by Sergey Bernikov in bug #17055;
I found the other two while developing some test cases for this
sadly under-tested code.

Diagnosis and patch for the first issue by Amit Langote; patches
for the others by me; new test cases by me.  Back-patch to v13
where this logic came in.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17055-9ba800ec8522668b@postgresql.org

Commit acb7e4eb added a new implementation for PQsendQuery so that
it works in pipeline mode (by using extended query protocol), but it
behaves differently from the 'Q' message (in simple query protocol) used
by regular implementation: the new one doesn't close the unnamed portal.
Change the new code to have identical behavior to the old.
Reported-by: Yura Sokolov <y.sokolov@postgrespro.ru>
Author: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202106072107.d4i55hdscxqj@alvherre.pgsql

Per 96540f80; the awkward API introduced by c6550776 is no
longer needed.

Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210408020913.zzprrlvqyvlt5cyy@alap3.anarazel.de

Commit b663a413 introduced bulk inserts for FDW, but the handling of
tuple slots turned out to be problematic for two reasons. Firstly, the
slots were re-created for each individual batch. Secondly, all slots
referenced the same tuple descriptor - with reasonably small batches
this is not an issue, but with large batches this triggers O(N^2)
behavior in the resource owner code.

These two issues work against each other - to reduce the number of times
a slot has to be created/dropped, larger batches are needed. However,
the larger the batch, the more expensive the resource owner gets. For
practical batch sizes (100 - 1000) this would not be a big problem, as
the benefits (latency savings) greatly exceed the resource owner costs.
But for extremely large batches it might be much worse, possibly even
losing with non-batching mode.

Fixed by initializing tuple slots only once (and reusing them across
batches) and by using a new tuple descriptor copy for each slot.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ebbbcc7d-4286-8c28-0272-61b4753af761%40enterprisedb.com

The code added to mark replication slots invalid in commit c6550776
had the race condition that a slot can be dropped or advanced
concurrently with checkpointer trying to invalidate it.  Rewrite the
code to close those races.

The changes to ReplicationSlotAcquire's API added with c6550776 are
not necessary anymore.  To avoid an ABI break in released branches, this
commit leaves that unchanged; it'll be changed in a master-only commit
separately.

Backpatch to 13, where this code first appeared.
Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Author: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210408001037.wfmk6jud36auhfqm@alap3.anarazel.de

The list of options provided by the tab completion was outdated for the
following commands:
- ALTER SUBSCRIPTION
- CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
- ALTER PUBLICATION
- CREATE PUBLICATION

Author: Vignesh C
Reviewed-by: Bharath Rupireddy
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALDaNm18oHDFu6SFCHE=ZbiO153Fx7E-L1MG0YyScbaDV--U+A@mail.gmail.com

Resolve the disagreement with nodes/*funcs.c field order in favor of the
latter, which is better-aligned with the IndexStmt field order.  This
field is new in v14.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210611045546.GA573364@rfd.leadboat.com

We have a dozen PQset*() functions.  PQresultSetInstanceData() and this
were the libpq setter functions having a different word order.  Adopt
the majority word order.

Reviewed by Alvaro Herrera and Robert Haas, though this choice of name
was not unanimous.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210605060555.GA216695@rfd.leadboat.com

We've accumulated quite a mix of instances of "an SQL" and "a SQL" in the
documents.  It would be good to be a bit more consistent with these.

The most recent version of the SQL standard I looked at seems to prefer
"an SQL".  That seems like a good lead to follow, so here we change all
instances of "a SQL" to become "an SQL".  Most instances correctly use
"an SQL" already, so it also makes sense to use the dominant variation in
order to minimise churn.

Additionally, there were some other abbreviations that needed to be
adjusted. FSM, SSPI, SRF and a few others.  Also fix some pronounceable,
abbreviations to use "a" instead of "an".  For example, "a SASL" instead
of "an SASL".

Here I've only adjusted the documents and error messages.  Many others
still exist in source code comments.  Translator hint comments seem to be
the biggest culprit.  It currently does not seem worth the churn to change
these.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvpML27UqFXnrYO1MJddsKVMQoiZisPvsAGhKE_tsKXquw%40mail.gmail.com

Commit 2453ea14 redefined pg_proc.proargtypes to include the types of
OUT parameters, for procedures only.  While that had some advantages
for implementing the SQL-spec behavior of DROP PROCEDURE, it was pretty
disastrous from a number of other perspectives.  Notably, since the
primary key of pg_proc is name + proargtypes, this made it possible to
have multiple procedures with identical names + input arguments and
differing output argument types.  That would make it impossible to call
any one of the procedures by writing just NULL (or "?", or any other
data-type-free notation) for the output argument(s).  The change also
seems likely to cause grave confusion for client applications that
examine pg_proc and expect the traditional definition of proargtypes.

Hence, revert the definition of proargtypes to what it was, and
undo a number of complications that had been added to support that.

To support the SQL-spec behavior of DROP PROCEDURE, when there are
no argmode markers in the command's parameter list, we perform the
lookup both ways (that is, matching against both proargtypes and
proallargtypes), succeeding if we get just one unique match.
In principle this could result in ambiguous-function failures
that would not happen when using only one of the two rules.
However, overloading of procedure names is thought to be a pretty
rare usage, so this shouldn't cause many problems in practice.
Postgres-specific code such as pg_dump can defend against any
possibility of such failures by being careful to specify argmodes
for all procedure arguments.

This also fixes a few other bugs in the area of CALL statements
with named parameters, and improves the documentation a little.

catversion bump forced because the representation of procedures
with OUT arguments changes.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3742981.1621533210@sss.pgh.pa.us

It turns out that worker.c's code path for TRUNCATE was also
careless about establishing a snapshot while executing user-defined
code, allowing the checks added by commit 84f5c290 to fail when
a trigger is fired in that context.

We could just wrap Push/PopActiveSnapshot around the truncate call,
but it seems better to establish a policy of holding a snapshot
throughout execution of a replication step.  To help with that and
possible future requirements, replace the previous ensure_transaction
calls with pairs of begin/end_replication_step calls.

Per report from Mark Dilger.  Back-patch to v11, like the previous
changes.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/B4A3AF82-79ED-4F4C-A4E5-CD2622098972@enterprisedb.com

Previously, we left the EPQ sub-executor alone until ExecEndLockRows.
This caused any buffer pins or other resources that it might hold to
remain held until ExecutorEnd, which in some code paths means that
they are held till the Portal is closed.  That can cause user-visible
problems, such as blocking VACUUM; and it's unlike the behavior of
ordinary table-scanning nodes, which will have released all buffer
pins by the time they return an EOF indication.

We can make LockRows work more like other plan nodes by calling
EvalPlanQualEnd just before returning NULL.  We still need to call it
in ExecEndLockRows in case the node was not run to completion, but in
the normal case the second call does nothing and costs little.

Per report from Yura Sokolov.  In principle this is a longstanding
bug, but in view of the lack of other complaints and the low severity
of the consequences, I chose not to back-patch.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/4aa370cb91ecf2f9885d98b80ad1109c@postgrespro.ru

Buildfarm member hamerkop has been reporting that two cases in
connect/test5.pgc show different error messages than the test expects,
because since commit ffa2e467 libpq's connection failure messages
are exposing the fact that a GSS-encrypted connection was attempted
and failed.  That's pretty interesting information in itself, and
I certainly don't wish to shoot the messenger, but we need to do
something to stabilize the ECPG results.

For the second of these two failure cases, we can add the
gssencmode=disable option to prevent the discrepancy.  However,
that solution is problematic for the first failure, because the only
unique thing about that case is that it's testing a completely-omitted
connection target; there's noplace to add the option without defeating
the point of the test case.  After some thrashing around with
alternative fixes that turned out to have undesirable side-effects,
the most workable answer is just to give up and remove that test case.
Perhaps we can revert this later, if we figure out why the GSS code
is misbehaving in hamerkop's environment.

Thanks to Michael Paquier for exploration of alternatives.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YLRZH6CWs9N6Pusy@paquier.xyz

One of these functions is new in PostgreSQL 14; might as well start it
out right.

Per buildfarm member conchuela and Kyotaro Horiguchi, it's possible
for the WAL segment that the cascading standby needs to be removed
too quickly. Hopefully this will prevent that.

Kyotaro Horiguchi

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/20210610.101240.1270925505780628275.horikyota.ntt@gmail.com

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvrbyJNOPBws4RUhXghZ7+TBjtdO-rznTsqZECuowNorXg@mail.gmail.com

This only happens if (1) the new standby has no WAL available locally,
(2) the new standby is starting from the old timeline, (3) the promotion
happened in the WAL segment from which the new standby is starting,
(4) the timeline history file for the new timeline is available from
the archive but the WAL files for are not (i.e. this is a race),
(5) the WAL files for the new timeline are available via streaming,
and (6) recovery_target_timeline='latest'.

Commit ee994272 introduced this
logic and was an improvement over the previous code, but it mishandled
this case. If recovery_target_timeline='latest' and restore_command is
set, validateRecoveryParameters() can change recoveryTargetTLI to be
different from receiveTLI. If streaming is then tried afterward,
expectedTLEs gets initialized with the history of the wrong timeline.
It's supposed to be a list of entries explaining how to get to the
target timeline, but in this case it ends up with a list of entries
explaining how to get to the new standby's original timeline, which
isn't right.

Dilip Kumar and Robert Haas, reviewed by Kyotaro Horiguchi.

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CAFiTN-sE-jr=LB8jQuxeqikd-Ux+jHiXyh4YDiZMPedgQKup0g@mail.gmail.com