Granting a role without ADMIN OPTION is supposed to prevent the grantee
from adding or removing members from the granted role.  Issuing SET ROLE
before the GRANT bypassed that, because the role itself had an implicit
right to add or remove members.  Plug that hole by recognizing that
implicit right only when the session user matches the current role.
Additionally, do not recognize it during a security-restricted operation
or during execution of a SECURITY DEFINER function.  The restriction on
SECURITY DEFINER is not security-critical.  However, it seems best for a
user testing his own SECURITY DEFINER function to see the same behavior
others will see.  Back-patch to 8.4 (all supported versions).

The SQL standards do not conflate roles and users as PostgreSQL does;
only SQL roles have members, and only SQL users initiate sessions.  An
application using PostgreSQL users and roles as SQL users and roles will
never attempt to grant membership in the role that is the session user,
so the implicit right to add or remove members will never arise.

The security impact was mostly that a role member could revoke access
from others, contrary to the wishes of his own grantor.  Unapproved role
member additions are less notable, because the member can still largely
achieve that by creating a view or a SECURITY DEFINER function.

Reviewed by Andres Freund and Tom Lane.  Reported, independently, by
Jonas Sundman and Noah Misch.

Security: CVE-2014-0060

These are needed in HEAD to make assorted contrib modules build on Windows.
Now that all the MSVC and Mingw buildfarm members seem to be on the same
page about the need for them, we can have some confidence that future
problems of this ilk will be detected promptly; there seems nothing more
to be learned by delaying this fix further.

I chose to mark QueryCancelPending as well, since it's easy to imagine code
that wants to touch ProcDiePending also caring about QueryCancelPending.

uid_t and gid_t might be wider than int on some platforms.
Per buildfarm member brolga.

Disabling auto-import requires that all libraries we use be careful about
declspecs for exported variables; and it seems they aren't.  This means
that Cygwin will not give us useful info about missing PGDLLIMPORT markers;
but it's probably sufficient that MSVC and Mingw builds do.

No substantive changes, but reorder some items and improve some
descriptions.

This is needed on Windows to support contrib/postgres_fdw.  Although it's
been broken since last March, we didn't notice until recently because there
were no active buildfarm members that complained about missing PGDLLIMPORT
marking.  Efforts are underway to improve that situation, in support of
which we're delaying fixing some other cases of global variables that
should be marked PGDLLIMPORT.  However, this case affects 9.3, so we
can't wait any longer to fix it.

I chose to mark DateOrder as well, though it's not strictly necessary
for postgres_fdw.

Make a bit more noise about the timeout-interrupt bug.  Also, remove the
release note entry for commit 423e1211; that patch fixed a problem
introduced post-9.3.2, so there's no need to document it in the release
notes.

Still another step in the continuing saga of trying to get
--disable-auto-import to work.

Hiroshi Inoue

As usual, the release notes for older branches will be made by cutting
these down, but put them up for community review first.

PIDs aren't necessarily ints; our usual practice for printing them
is to explicitly cast to long.  Per buildfarm member rover_firefly.

We should not assume that struct timeval.tv_sec is a long, because
it ain't necessarily.  (POSIX says that it's a time_t, which might
well be 64 bits now or in the future; or for that matter might be
32 bits on machines with 64-bit longs.)  Per buildfarm member panther.

Back-patch to 9.3 where the dubious coding was introduced.

We used to have externs for getopt() and its API variables scattered
all over the place.  Now that we find we're going to need to tweak the
variable declarations for Cygwin, it seems like a good idea to have
just one place to tweak.

In this commit, the variables are declared "#ifndef HAVE_GETOPT_H".
That may or may not work everywhere, but we'll soon find out.

Andres Freund

Per report from Jackie Chang

Per buildfarm.

DST law changes in Jordan; historical changes in Cuba.

Also, remove the zones Asia/Riyadh87, Asia/Riyadh88, and Asia/Riyadh89.
Per the upstream announcement:
    The files solar87, solar88, and solar89 are no longer distributed.
    They were a negative experiment -- that is, a demonstration that
    tz data can represent solar time only with some difficulty and error.
    Their presence in the distribution caused confusion, as Riyadh
    civil time was generally not solar time in those years.

I put the OBJS assignments in the wrong order.  Per buildfarm.

This documentation never got the word about the existence of check-world or
installcheck-world.  Revise to recommend use of those, and document all the
subsidiary test suites.  Do some minor wordsmithing elsewhere, too.

In passing, remove markup related to generation of plain-text regression
test instructions, since we don't do that anymore.

Back-patch to 9.1 where check-world was added.  (installcheck-world exists
in 9.0; but since check-world doesn't, this patch would need additional
work to cover that branch, and it doesn't seem worth the effort.)

Per buildfarm results.

The documentation suggested using "echo | psql", but not the often-superior
alternative of a here-document.  Also, be more direct about suggesting
that people avoid -c for multiple commands.  Per discussion.

Borrow the method already used by plpython.  This is pretty ugly, but
it might fix the build failure exhibited by buildfarm member narwhal
since commit 846e91e0.

Hiroshi Inoue

This build technique is remarkably ugly, but that doesn't mean it has
to be unreadable too.  Be a bit more liberal with the vertical whitespace,
and give the .def file a proper dependency, just in case.

If there is a WAL segment with same ID but different TLI present in both
the WAL archive and pg_xlog, prefer the one with higher TLI. Before this
patch, the archive was polled first, for all expected TLIs, and only if no
file was found was pg_xlog scanned. This was a change in behavior from 9.3,
which first scanned archive and pg_xlog for the highest TLI, then archive
and pg_xlog for the next highest TLI and so forth. This patch reverts the
behavior back to what it was in 9.2.

The reason for this is that if for example you try to do archive recovery
to timeline 2, which branched off timeline 1, but the WAL for timeline 2 is
not archived yet, we would replay past the timeline switch point on
timeline 1 using the archived files, before even looking timeline 2's files
in pg_xlog

Report and patch by Kyotaro Horiguchi. Backpatch to 9.3 where the behavior
was changed.

Stefan Kaltenbrunner

Adjust handleCopyOut() to stop trying to write data once it's failed
one time.  For typical cases such as out-of-disk-space or broken-pipe,
additional attempts aren't going to do anything but waste time, and
in any case clean truncation of the output seems like a better behavior
than randomly dropping blocks in the middle.

Also remove dubious (and misleadingly documented) attempt to force our way
out of COPY_OUT state if libpq didn't do that.  If we did have a situation
like that, it'd be a bug in libpq and would be better fixed there, IMO.
We can hope that commit fa4440f5 took care
of any such problems, anyway.

Also fix longstanding bug in handleCopyIn(): PQputCopyEnd() only supports
a non-null errormsg parameter in protocol version 3, and will actively
fail if one is passed in version 2.  This would've made our attempts
to get out of COPY_IN state after a failure into infinite loops when
talking to pre-7.4 servers.

Back-patch the COPY_OUT state change business back to 9.2 where it was
introduced, and the other two fixes into all supported branches.

Previously we were piggybacking on transaction ID parameters to freeze
multixacts; but since there isn't necessarily any relationship between
rates of Xid and multixact consumption, this turns out not to be a good
idea.

Therefore, we now have multixact-specific freezing parameters:

vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age: when to remove multis as we come across
them in vacuum (default to 5 million, i.e. early in comparison to Xid's
default of 50 million)

vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age: when to force whole-table scans
instead of scanning only the pages marked as not all visible in
visibility map (default to 150 million, same as for Xids).  Whichever of
both which reaches the 150 million mark earlier will cause a whole-table
scan.

autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age: when for cause emergency,
uninterruptible whole-table scans (default to 400 million, double as
that for Xids).  This means there shouldn't be more frequent emergency
vacuuming than previously, unless multixacts are being used very
rapidly.

Backpatch to 9.3 where multixacts were made to persist enough to require
freezing.  To avoid an ABI break in 9.3, VacuumStmt has a couple of
fields in an unnatural place, and StdRdOptions is split in two so that
the newly added fields can go at the end.

Patch by me, reviewed by Robert Haas, with additional input from Andres
Freund and Tom Lane.

Report from Marc Mamin

Per suggestion from Peter Eisentraut

We used the length of the input string, not the de-escaped string, as
the trigger for NAMEDATALEN truncation.  AFAICS this would only result
in sometimes printing a phony truncation warning; but it's just luck
that there was no worse problem, since we were violating the API spec
for truncate_identifier().  Per bug #9204 from Joshua Yanovski.

This has been wrong since the Unicode-identifier support was added,
so back-patch to all supported branches.

We have a practice of providing a "bread crumb" trail between the minor
versions where the migration section actually tells you to do something.
Historically that was just plain text, eg, "see the release notes for
9.2.4"; but if you're using a browser or PDF reader, it's a lot nicer
if it's a live hyperlink.  So use "<xref>" instead.  Any argument against
doing this vanished with the recent decommissioning of plain-text release
notes.

Vik Fearing

Per Peter Eisentraut.

In pqSendSome, if the connection is already closed at entry, discard any
queued output data before returning.  There is no possibility of ever
sending the data, and anyway this corresponds to what we'd do if we'd
detected a hard error while trying to send().  This avoids possible
indefinite bloat of the output buffer if the application keeps trying
to send data (or even just keeps trying to do PQputCopyEnd, as psql
indeed will).

Because PQputCopyEnd won't transition out of PGASYNC_COPY_IN state
until it's successfully queued the COPY END message, and pqPutMsgEnd
doesn't distinguish a queuing failure from a pqSendSome failure,
this omission allowed an infinite loop in psql if the connection closure
occurred when we had at least 8K queued to send.  It might be worth
refactoring so that we can make that distinction, but for the moment
the other changes made here seem to offer adequate defenses.

To guard against other variants of this scenario, do not allow
PQgetResult to return a PGRES_COPY_XXX result if the connection is
already known dead.  Make sure it returns PGRES_FATAL_ERROR instead.

Per report from Stephen Frost.  Back-patch to all active branches.

Backbranch release note changes cause merge conflicts.

This simplifies the docs and makes it easier to cut/paste command lines.

Report from Jeff Janes

Report from Marti Raudsepp