Most errors reported in extended statistics are internal issues, and so
should use elog(). The MCV list code was already following this rule, but
the functional dependencies and ndistinct coefficients were using a mix
of elog() and ereport(). Fix this by changing most places to elog(), with
the exception of input functions.

This is a mostly cosmetic change, it makes the life a little bit easier
for translators, as elog() messages are not translated. So backpatch to
PostgreSQL 10, where extended statistics were introduced.

Author: Tomas Vondra
Backpatch-through: 10 where extended statistics were added
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20190503154404.GA7478@alvherre.pgsql

Author: Guillaume Lelarge
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAECtzeWPz4JikzUqZdMjqPTe8dAP3nZxPD-58Y-Hhvirg0fF+A@mail.gmail.com

This got forgotten in f56f8f which has added foreign key support for
partitioned tables.  In passing, add a mention about caveats applying to
tables partitioned using inheritance regarding indexes and foreign keys.

Author: Paul A Jungwirth
Reviewed-by: Amit Langote, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+renyUuSmYgmZjKc_DfUNVZ0uttF91-FwhDVW3F7WEPj0jL5w@mail.gmail.com

I introduced the typo in source code in the course of 75445c15.
Repair.

When this suite runs installcheck, redirect file creations from
src/test/regress to src/bin/pg_upgrade/tmp_check/regress.  This closes a
race condition in "make -j check-world".  If the pg_upgrade suite wrote
to a given src/test/regress/results file in parallel with the regular
src/test/regress invocation writing it, a test failed spuriously.  Even
without parallelism, in "make -k check-world", the suite finishing
second overwrote the other's regression.diffs.  This revealed test
"largeobject" assuming @abs_builddir@ is getcwd(), so fix that, too.

Buildfarm client REL_10, released fifty-four days ago, supports saving
regression.diffs from its new location.  When an older client reports a
pg_upgradeCheck failure, it will no longer include regression.diffs.
Back-patch to 9.5, where pg_upgrade moved to src/bin.

Reviewed (in earlier versions) by Andrew Dunstan.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20181224034411.GA3224776@rfd.leadboat.com

This allows "vcregress upgradecheck" to pass twice in immediate
succession, and it's more like how $(prove_check) works.  Back-patch to
9.5, where pg_upgrade moved to src/bin.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20190520012436.GA1480421@rfd.leadboat.com

Mea culpa.

This code block was copied/adapted from other similar places but
somehow the comment placement was changed so that it makes less sense.

Reported-by: Gaby Schilders

Author: Gurjeet Singh
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CABwTF4U_5kEnH93PXZEuEsZHuoSSuBEOqC6pian8vDfLZSQJNA@mail.gmail.com

The old text still had an implicit reference to the virtual behavior,
which was not in the final patch.

Author: Tobias Bussmann <t.bussmann@gmx.net>

ecpg_build_params() failed to check for ecpg_alloc failure in one
newly-added code path, and leaked a temporary string in another path.
Errors in commit a1dc6ab4, spotted by Coverity.

ecpg_register_prepared_stmt() is pretty obviously checking the wrong
variable while trying to detect malloc failure.  Error in commit
a1dc6ab4, spotted by Coverity.

Reported-by: Alexander Lakhin
Author: Alexander Lakhin
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila and Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/7208de98-add8-8537-91c0-f8b089e2928c@gmail.com

Change extension for Graphviz files from .dot to .gv.  The latter
appears to be the generally preferred one nowadays.

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/71fe76d2-c7d7-2acc-6762-bbf9e61c566e%402ndquadrant.com

Reported-by: Euler Taveira
Author: Euler Taveira
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHE3wgjiA8DdnUzH9WqBLxdrUVvjDkKNdHx-MkEg9uV+HtpMfg@mail.gmail.com

Per bug #15819 from Koizumi Satoru.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/15819-e6191bef1f7334c0@postgresql.org

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGJFWXmtYo6Frd77RR8YXCHz7hJ2mRy5aHV%3D7fJOqDnBHA%40mail.gmail.com

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGJFWXmtYo6Frd77RR8YXCHz7hJ2mRy5aHV%3D7fJOqDnBHA%40mail.gmail.com

Some of the wrapper functions didn't match the callback names. Many of
them due to staying "consistent" with historic naming of the wrapped
functionality. We decided that for most cases it's more important to
be for tableam to be consistent going forward, than with the past.

The one exception is beginscan/endscan/...  because it'd have looked
odd to have systable_beginscan/endscan/... with a different naming
scheme, and changing the systable_* APIs would have caused way too
much churn (including breaking a lot of external users).

Author: Ashwin Agrawal, with some small additions by Andres Freund
Reviewed-By: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALfoeiugyrXZfX7n0ORCa4L-m834dzmaE8eFdbNR6PMpetU4Ww@mail.gmail.com

The access method name "amname" can be dumped as of 3b925e90, but
queries for backends older than 9.5 forgot to map it to a dummy NULL
value, causing the column to not be mapped to a number.  As a result,
pg_dump was throwing some spurious errors in its stderr output coming
from libpq:
pg_dump: column number -1 is out of range 0..36

Fix this issue by adding a mapping of "amname" to NULL to all the older
queries.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20190522083038.GA16837@paquier.xyz
Author: Michael Paquier
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Dolgov, Andres Freund, Tom Lane

On master (after 700538) the old version's installed psql was used -
even when the old version might not actually be installed / might be
installed into a temporary directory. As commonly the case when just
executing make check for pg_upgrade, as $oldbindir is just the current
version's $bindir.

In the back branches, with --install specified, psql from the new
version's temporary installation was used, without --install (e.g for
NO_TEMP_INSTALL, cf 47b3c266), the new version's installed psql was
used (which might or might not exist).

Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20190522175150.c26f4jkqytahajdg@alap3.anarazel.de

When there were duplicate columns in the hash key list, the array
sizes could be miscomputed, resulting in access off the end of the
array. Adjust the computation to ensure the array is always large
enough.

(I considered whether the duplicates could be removed in planning, but
I can't rule out the possibility that duplicate columns might have
different hash functions assigned. Simpler to just make sure it works
at execution time regardless.)

Bug apparently introduced in fc4b3dea as part of narrowing down the
tuples stored in the hashtable. Reported by Colm McHugh of Salesforce,
though I didn't use their patch. Backpatch back to version 10 where
the bug was introduced.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFeeJoKKu0u+A_A9R9316djW-YW3-+Gtgvy3ju655qRHR3jtdA@mail.gmail.com

This uses a method similar to 68a7c24f and now b8c6014a (applied for
database creation), which guarantees that GRANT commands using the WITH
GRANT OPTION are dumped in a way so as cascading dependencies are
respected.  Note that tablespaces do not have support for initial
privileges via pg_init_privs, so the same method needs to be applied
again.  It would be nice to merge all the logic generating ACL queries
in dumps under the same banner, but this requires extending the support
of pg_init_privs to objects that cannot use it yet, so this is left as
future work.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20190522071555.GB1278@paquier.xyz
Author: Michael Paquier
Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart
Backpatch-through: 9.6

This has been forgotten in 578b2297, which has removed support for WITH
OIDS.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALAY4q99FcFCoG6ddke0V-AksGe82L_+bhDWgEfgZBakB840zA@mail.gmail.com
Author: Surafel Temesgen

Make all the perl code look nice, too (for some value of "nice").

Switch to 2.1 version of pg_bsd_indent.  This formats
multiline function declarations "correctly", that is with
additional lines of parameter declarations indented to match
where the first line's left parenthesis is.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEepm=0P3FeTXRcU5B2W3jv3PgRVZ-kGUXLGfd42FFhUROO3ug@mail.gmail.com

This is still using the 2.0 version of pg_bsd_indent.
I thought it would be good to commit this separately,
so as to document the differences between 2.0 and 2.1 behavior.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16296.1558103386@sss.pgh.pa.us

This code was still using the old style of forming a heap tuple rather
than using tuple slots.  This would be less efficient if a non-heap
access method was used.  And using tuple slots is actually quite a bit
faster when using heap as well.

Also add some test cases for generated columns with null values and
with varlena values.  This lack of coverage was discovered while
working on this patch.

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/20190331025744.ugbsyks7czfcoksd%40alap3.anarazel.de

Commit 41b54ba7 allowed not only VACUUM but also ANALYZE options
to take a boolean argument. But it forgot to update the documentation
for ANALYZE. This commit adds the descriptions about those ANALYZE
boolean options into the documentation.

This patch also updates tab-completion for ANALYZE boolean options.

Reported-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi
Author: Fujii Masao
Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHGQGwHTUt-kuwgiwe8f0AvTnB+ySqJWh95jvmh-qcoKW9YA9g@mail.gmail.com

The original coding of this view relied on a correlated IN sub-query.
Our planner is not very bright about correlated sub-queries, and even
if it were, there's no way for it to know that the output of
pg_get_publication_tables() is duplicate-free, making the de-duplicating
semantics of IN unnecessary.  Hence, rewrite as a LATERAL sub-query.
This provides circa 100X speedup for me with a few hundred published
tables (the whole regression database), and things would degrade as
roughly O(published_relations * all_relations) beyond that.

Because the rules.out expected output changes, force a catversion bump.
Ordinarily we might not want to do that post-beta1; but we already know
we'll be doing a catversion bump before beta2 to fix pg_statistic_ext
issues, so it's pretty much free to fix it now instead of waiting for v13.

Per report and fix suggestion from PegoraroF10.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1551385426763-0.post@n3.nabble.com

Move support function mention to the proper section, and reword.

Reported-by: Tom Lane

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5121.1558472431@sss.pgh.pa.us

Clarify new restriction on recovery_target* variables.

Reported-by: Gaby Schilders

Discussion: reported via chat

Oversight in commit a1dc6ab4.

That leads to unsatisfied external references if the C compiler fails
to elide unused static functions.  Apparently, we have no buildfarm
members building HEAD that have that issue ... but such compilers still
exist in the wild.  Need to do something about that.

In passing, fix Berkeley-era typo in comment.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/27054.1558533367@sss.pgh.pa.us

This uses a method similar to 68a7c24f, which guarantees that GRANT
commands using the WITH GRANT OPTION are dumped in a way so as cascading
dependencies are respected.  As databases do not have support for
initial privileges via pg_init_privs, we need to repeat again the same
ACL reordering method.

ACL for databases have been moved from pg_dumpall to pg_dump in v11, so
this impacts pg_dump for v11 and above, and pg_dumpall for v9.6 and
v10.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/15788-4e18847520ebcc75@postgresql.org
Author: Nathan Bossart
Reviewed-by: Haribabu Kommi
Backpatch-through: 9.6

Commit 5af2e976 removed a bit too much from the test.sh invocation.
Per buildfarm.

Besides implementing the new statement this change fix some issues with the
parsing of PREPARE and EXECUTE statements. The different forms of these
statements are now all handled in a ujnified way.

Author: Matsumura-san <matsumura.ryo@jp.fujitsu.com>

When $(MAKE) is present in a rule, make assumes that target is a
submake, and it doesn't need to buffer its output. But in this case
it's a shell script that needs buffered output. Avoid that heuristic,
by referring to $(MAKE) via an indirection.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20190521004717.qsktdsugj3shagco@alap3.anarazel.de