this case is worth a special code path, but a special code path that gets
the boundary condition wrong is definitely no good.  Per bug #4821 from
Andrew Gierth.

In passing, clean up some minor code formatting issues (excess parentheses
and blank lines in odd places).

Back-patch to 8.3, where the bug was introduced.

Basically, it's needed to support binary dump from 8.3 because ordering rule
was changed.

Per discussion with Bruce.

Author: Euler Taveira de Oliveira <euler@timbira.com>

when compiling with -Wformat-security. Fujii Masao.

there's no analyzable attributes or indexes. We also used to report 0 live
and dead tuples for such tables, which messed with autovacuum threshold
calculations.

This fixes bug #4812 reported by George Su. Backpatch back to 8.1.

minimal regression test coverage for matchPartialInPendingList().

sources.

theory floating elements.

all (remaining) mentions of KOI8 to the new canonical form KOI8R.  Add
information about the available conversions for KOI8U.

maps.

copies?) to ensure they really don't run proc_exit/shmem_exit callbacks,
as was intended.  I broke this behavior recently by installing atexit
callbacks without thinking about the one case where we truly don't want
to run those callback functions.  Noted in an example from Dave Page.

commit for BETA2

Per suggestion of Jaime Casanova.

is run at the end of archive recovery, providing a chance to do external
cleanup. Modify pg_standby so that it no longer removes the trigger file,
that is to be done using the recovery_end_command now.

Provide a "smart" failover mode in pg_standby, where we don't fail over
immediately, but only after recovering all unapplied WAL from the archive.
That gives you zero data loss assuming all WAL was archived before
failover, which is what most users of pg_standby actually want.

recovery_end_command by Simon Riggs, pg_standby changes by Fujii Masao and
myself.

that aren't RELKIND_RELATION or RELKIND_VIEW, and to disallow attaching rules
to system relations unless allowSystemTableMods is on.  This is to make the
behavior of CREATE RULE more like CREATE TRIGGER, which disallows the
comparable cases.  Per discussion of bug #4808.

redirecting libxml's allocations into a Postgres context.  Instead, just let
it use malloc directly, and add PG_TRY blocks as needed to be sure we release
libxml data structures in error recovery code paths.  This is ugly but seems
much more likely to play nicely with third-party uses of libxml, as seen in
recent trouble reports about using Perl XML facilities in pl/perl and bug
#4774 about contrib/xml2.

I left the code for allocation redirection in place, but it's only
built/used if you #define USE_LIBXMLCONTEXT.  This is because I found it
useful to corral libxml's allocations in a palloc context when hunting
for libxml memory leaks, and we're surely going to have more of those
in the future with this type of approach.  But we don't want it turned on
in a normal build because it breaks exactly what we need to fix.

I have not re-indented most of the code sections that are now wrapped
by PG_TRY(); that's for ease of review.  pg_indent will fix it.

This is a pre-existing bug in 8.3, but I don't dare back-patch this change
until it's gotten a reasonable amount of field testing.

copy-editing and reordering of items.

xml_parse, all arising from the same sloppy usage of parse_xml_decl.
The original coding had that function returning its output string
parameters in the libxml context, which is long-lived, and all but one
of its callers neglected to free the strings afterwards.  The easiest
and most bulletproof fix is to return the strings in the local palloc
context instead, since that's short-lived.  This was only costing a
dozen or two bytes per function call, but that adds up fast if the
function is called repeatedly ...

Noted while poking at the more general problem of what to do with our
libxml memory allocation hooks.  Back-patch to 8.3, which has the
identical coding.

errors when tables are concurrently dropped.  To do this we must take lock
on each relation before we check its privileges.  The old code was trying
to do that the other way around, which is a bit pointless when there are lots
of other commands that lock relations before checking privileges.  I did keep
it checking each relation's privilege before locking the next relation, which
is a detail that ALTER TABLE isn't too picky about.

ability to lock relations as they scan pg_inherits, and to ignore any
relations that have disappeared by the time we get lock on them.  This
makes uses of these functions safe against concurrent DROP operations
on child tables: we will effectively ignore any just-dropped child,
rather than possibly throwing an error as in recent bug report from
Thomas Johansson (and similar past complaints).  The behavior should
not change otherwise, since the code was acquiring those same locks
anyway, just a little bit later.

An exception is LockTableCommand(), which is still behaving unsafely;
but that seems to require some more discussion before we change it.

find_inheritance_children() and find_all_inheritors().  I got annoyed that
these are buried inside the planner but mostly used elsewhere.  So, create
a new file catalog/pg_inherits.c and put them there, along with a couple
of other functions that search pg_inherits.

The code that modifies pg_inherits is (still) in tablecmds.c --- it's
kind of entangled with unrelated code that modifies pg_depend and other
stuff, so pulling it out seemed like a bigger change than I wanted to make
right now.  But this file provides a natural home for it if anyone ever
gets around to that.

This commit just moves code around; it doesn't change anything, except
I succumbed to the temptation to make a couple of trivial optimizations
in typeInheritsFrom().

of AND/OR clause branches that predtest.c would attempt to deal with.  As
noted in bug #4721, that change disabled proof attempts for sizes of problems
that people are actually expecting it to work for.  The original complaint
it was trying to solve was O(N^2) behavior for long IN-lists, so let's try
applying the limit to just ScalarArrayOpExprs rather than everything.
Another case of "foolish consistency" I fear.

Back-patch to 8.2, same as the previous patch was.

Add some details about the name=value format of auth options.