Source-Git-URL: git://git.postgresql.org/git/pgtranslation/messages.git
Source-Git-Hash: 19c72ea8d856d7b1d4f5d759a766c8206bf9ce53

The previous wording claimed that the file was always in /etc, but of
course this varies with the installation layout.  Write instead that it
can be found via `pg_config --sysconfdir`.  Even though this is still
somewhat incorrect because it doesn't account of moved installations, it
at least conveys that the location depends on the installation.

"ECHO all" is ignored for interactive input, and has been for a very long
time, though possibly not for as long as the documentation has claimed the
opposite.  Fix that, and also note that empty lines aren't echoed, which
while dubious is another longstanding behavior (it's embedded in our
regression test files for one thing).  Per bug #12721 from Hans Ginzel.

In HEAD, also improve the code comments in this area, and suppress an
unnecessary fflush(stdout) when we're not echoing.  That would likely
be safe to back-patch, but I'll not risk it mere hours before a release
wrap.

As usual, the release notes for older branches will be made by cutting
these down, but put them up for community review first.

Note: a significant fraction of these items don't apply to 9.4.1, only to
older branches, because the fixes already appeared in 9.4.0.  These can be
distinguished by noting the branch commits in the associated SGML comments.
This will be adjusted tomorrow while copying items into the older
release-X.Y.sgml files.  In a few cases I've made two separate entries with
different wordings for 9.4 than for the equivalent commits in the older
branches.

DST law changes in Chile and Mexico (state of Quintana Roo).
Historical changes for Iceland.

In ALTER POLICY, use 'check_expression' instead of 'expression' for the
parameter, to match up with the recent CREATE POLICY change.

In CREATE POLICY, frame the discussion as granting access to rows
instead of limiting access to rows.  Further, clarify that the
expression must return true for rows to be visible/allowed and that a
false or NULL result will mean the row is not visible/allowed.

Per discussion with Dean Rasheed and Robert.

We've been trying to support \u0000 in JSON values since commit
78ed8e03, and have introduced increasingly worse hacks to try to
make it work, such as commit 0ad1a816.  However, it fundamentally
can't work in the way envisioned, because the stored representation looks
the same as for \\u0000 which is not the same thing at all.  It's also
entirely bogus to output \u0000 when de-escaped output is called for.

The right way to do this would be to store an actual 0x00 byte, and then
throw error only if asked to produce de-escaped textual output.  However,
getting to that point seems likely to take considerable work and may well
never be practical in the 9.4.x series.

To preserve our options for better behavior while getting rid of the nasty
side-effects of 0ad1a816, revert that commit in toto and instead
throw error if \u0000 is used in a context where it needs to be de-escaped.
(These are the same contexts where non-ASCII Unicode escapes throw error
if the database encoding isn't UTF8, so this behavior is by no means
without precedent.)

In passing, make both the \u0000 case and the non-ASCII Unicode case report
ERRCODE_UNTRANSLATABLE_CHARACTER / "unsupported Unicode escape sequence"
rather than claiming there's something wrong with the input syntax.

Back-patch to 9.4, where we have to do something because 0ad1a816
broke things for many cases having nothing to do with \u0000.  9.3 also has
bogus behavior, but only for that specific escape value, so given the lack
of field complaints it seems better to leave 9.3 alone.

Coverity points out that mdc_finish returns a pointer to a local buffer
(which of course is gone as soon as the function returns), leaving open
a risk of misbehaviors possibly as bad as a stack overwrite.

In reality, the only possible call site is in process_data_packets()
which does not examine the returned pointer at all.  So there's no
live bug, but nonetheless the code is confusing and risky.  Refactor
to avoid the issue by letting process_data_packets() call mdc_finish()
directly instead of going through the pullf_read() API.

Although this is only cosmetic, it seems good to back-patch so that
the logic in pgp-decrypt.c stays in sync across all branches.

Marko Kreen

Using the new interface MemoryContextAllocExtended, callers can
specify MCXT_ALLOC_NO_OOM if they are prepared to handle a NULL
return value.

Michael Paquier, reviewed and somewhat revised by me.

calc_rangesel() failed outright when comparing range variables to empty
constant ranges with < or >=, as a result of missing cases in a switch.
It also produced a bogus estimate for > comparison to an empty range.

On top of that, the >= and > cases were mislabeled throughout.  For
nonempty constant ranges, they managed to produce the right answers
anyway as a result of counterbalancing typos.

Also, default_range_selectivity() omitted cases for elem <@ range,
range &< range, and range &> range, so that rather dubious defaults
were applied for these operators.

In passing, rearrange the code in rangesel() so that the elem <@ range
case is handled in a less opaque fashion.

Report and patch by Emre Hasegeli, some additional work by me

The requiredEntries / additionalEntries arrays were not freed in
freeScanKeys() like other per-key stuff.

It's not obvious, but startScanKey() was only ever called after the keys
have been initialized with ginNewScanKey(). That's why it doesn't need to
worry about freeing existing arrays. The ginIsNewKey() test in gingetbitmap
was never true, because ginrescan free's the existing keys, and it's not OK
to call gingetbitmap twice in a row without calling ginrescan in between.
To make that clear, remove the unnecessary ginIsNewKey(). And just to be
extra sure that nothing funny happens if there is an existing key after all,
call freeScanKeys() to free it if it exists. This makes the code more
straightforward.

(I'm seeing other similar leaks in testing a query that rescans an GIN index
scan, but that's a different issue. This just fixes the obvious leak with
those two arrays.)

Backpatch to 9.4, where GIN fast scan was added.

Since 9.3, when the --jobs option was introduced, using it together
with the --serializable-deferrable option generated multiple
errors.  We can get correct behavior by allowing the connection
which acquires the snapshot to use SERIALIZABLE, READ ONLY,
DEFERRABLE and pass that to the workers running the other
connections using REPEATABLE READ, READ ONLY.  This is a bit of a
kluge since the SERIALIZABLE behavior is achieved by running some
of the participating connections at a different isolation level,
but it is a simple and safe change, suitable for back-patching.

This will be followed by a proposal for a more invasive fix with
some slight behavioral changes on just the master branch, based on
suggestions from Andres Freund, but the kluge will be applied to
master until something is agreed along those lines.

Back-patched to 9.3, where the --jobs option was added.

Based on report from Alexander Korotkov

In 804b6b6d we modified
BuildIndexValueDescription to pay attention to which columns are visible
to the user, but unfortunatley that commit neglected to consider indexes
which are built on expressions.

Handle error-reporting of violations of constraint indexes based on
expressions by not returning any detail when the user does not have
table-level SELECT rights.

Backpatch to 9.0, as the prior commit was.

Pointed out by Tom.

Report by David Guyot

connectby() didn't adequately check that the constructed SQL query returns
what it's expected to; in fact, since commit 08c33c42 it wasn't
checking that at all.  This could result in a null-pointer-dereference
crash if the constructed query returns only one column instead of the
expected two.  Less excitingly, it could also result in surprising data
conversion failures if the constructed query returned values that were
not I/O-conversion-compatible with the types specified by the query
calling connectby().

In all branches, insist that the query return at least two columns;
this seems like a minimal sanity check that can't break any reasonable
use-cases.

In HEAD, insist that the constructed query return the types specified by
the outer query, including checking for typmod incompatibility, which the
code never did even before it got broken.  This is to hide the fact that
the implementation does a conversion to text and back; someday we might
want to improve that.

In back branches, leave that alone, since adding a type check in a minor
release is more likely to break things than make people happy.  Type
inconsistencies will continue to work so long as the actual type and
declared type are I/O representation compatible, and otherwise will fail
the same way they used to.

Also, in all branches, be on guard for NULL results from the constructed
query, which formerly would cause null-pointer dereference crashes.
We now print the row with the NULL but don't recurse down from it.

In passing, get rid of the rather pointless idea that
build_tuplestore_recursively() should return the same tuplestore that's
passed to it.

Michael Paquier, adjusted somewhat by me

GetLockConflicts() has for a long time not properly terminated the
returned array. During normal processing the returned array is zero
initialized which, while not pretty, is sufficient to be recognized as
a invalid virtual transaction id. But the HotStandby case is more than
aesthetically broken: The allocated (and reused) array is neither
zeroed upon allocation, nor reinitialized, nor terminated.

Not having a terminating element means that the end of the array will
not be recognized and that recovery conflict handling will thus read
ahead into adjacent memory. Only terminating when hitting memory
content that looks like a invalid virtual transaction id.  Luckily
this seems so far not have caused significant problems, besides making
recovery conflict more expensive.

Discussion: 20150127142713.GD29457@awork2.anarazel.de

Backpatch into all supported branches.

Benchmarks has shown that aligning the buffer descriptor array to
cache lines is important for scalability; especially on bigger,
multi-socket, machines.

Currently the array sometimes already happens to be aligned by
happenstance, depending how large previous shared memory allocations
were. That can lead to wildly varying performance results after minor
configuration changes.

In addition to aligning the start of descriptor array, also force the
size of individual descriptors to be of a common cache line size (64
bytes). That happens to already be the case on 64bit platforms, but
this way we can change the struct BufferDesc more easily.

As the alignment primarily matters in highly concurrent workloads
which probably all are 64bit these days, and the space wastage of
element alignment would be a bit more noticeable on 32bit systems, we
don't force the stride to be cacheline sized on 32bit platforms for
now. If somebody does actual performance testing, we can reevaluate
that decision by changing the definition of BUFFERDESC_PADDED_SIZE.

Discussion: 20140202151319.GD32123@awork2.anarazel.de

Per discussion with Bruce Momjan, Tom Lane, Robert Haas, and Peter
Geoghegan.

When gin_fuzzy_search_limit was used, we could jump out of startScan()
without calling startScanKey(). That was harmless in 9.3 and below, because
startScanKey()() didn't do anything interesting, but in 9.4 it initializes
information needed for skipping entries (aka GIN fast scans), and you
readily get a segfault if it's not done. Nevertheless, it was clearly wrong
all along, so backpatch all the way to 9.1 where the early return was
introduced.

(AFAICS startScanKey() did nothing useful in 9.3 and below, because the
fields it initialized were already initialized in ginFillScanKey(), but I
don't dare to change that in a minor release. ginFillScanKey() is always
called in gingetbitmap() even though there's a check there to see if the
scan keys have already been initialized, because they never are; ginrescan()
free's them.)

In the passing, remove unnecessary if-check from the second inner loop in
startScan(). We already check in the first loop that the condition is true
for all entries.

Reported by Olaf Gawenda, bug #12694, Backpatch to 9.1 and above, although
AFAICS it causes a live bug only in 9.4.

This potentially allows us to add mcxt.c interfaces that do something
other than throw an error when memory cannot be allocated.  We'll
handle adding those interfaces in a separate commit.

Michael Paquier, with minor changes by me

The parameter description for the using_expression and check_expression
in CREATE POLICY were unclear and arguably included a typo.  Clarify
and improve the consistency of that language.

Pointed out by Dean Rasheed.

The syntax for CREATE POLICY simply used "expression" for the USING
expression, while the WITH CHECK expression was "check_expression".
Given that we have two expressions, it's sensible to explcitly name both
to maintain clarity.

This patch simply changes the generic "expression" to be
"using_expression".

Pointed out by Peter Geoghegan.

The CREATE POLICY documention didn't sufficiently clarify what happens
when a given command type (eg: ALL or UPDATE) accepts both USING and
WITH CHECK clauses, but only the USING clause is defined.  Add language
to clarify that, in such a case, the USING clause will be used for both
USING and WITH CHECK cases.

Pointed out by Peter Geoghegan.

The row level security patches didn't add the 'usebypassrls' columns to
the pg_user and pg_shadow views on the belief that they were deprecated,
but we havn't actually said they are and therefore we should include it.

This patch corrects that, adds missing documentation for rolbypassrls
into the system catalog page for pg_authid, along with the entries for
pg_user and pg_shadow, and cleans up a few other uses of 'row-level'
cases to be 'row level' in the docs.

Pointed out by Amit Kapila.

Catalog version bump due to system view changes.

Commit 804b6b6d added the build of a
range table in copy.c to initialize the EState es_range_table since it
can be needed in error paths.  Unfortunately, that commit didn't
appreciate that some code paths might end up not initializing the rte
which is used to build the range table.

Fix that and clean up a couple others things along the way- build it
only once and don't explicitly set it on the !is_from path as it
doesn't make any sense there (cstate is palloc0'd, so this isn't an
issue from an initializing standpoint either).

The prior commit went back to 9.0, but this only goes back to 9.1 as
prior to that the range table build happens immediately after building
the RTE and therefore doesn't suffer from this issue.

Pointed out by Robert.

While building error messages to return to the user,
BuildIndexValueDescription, ExecBuildSlotValueDescription and
ri_ReportViolation would happily include the entire key or entire row in
the result returned to the user, even if the user didn't have access to
view all of the columns being included.

Instead, include only those columns which the user is providing or which
the user has select rights on.  If the user does not have any rights
to view the table or any of the columns involved then no detail is
provided and a NULL value is returned from BuildIndexValueDescription
and ExecBuildSlotValueDescription.  Note that, for key cases, the user
must have access to all of the columns for the key to be shown; a
partial key will not be returned.

Further, in master only, do not return any data for cases where row
security is enabled on the relation and row security should be applied
for the user.  This required a bit of refactoring and moving of things
around related to RLS- note the addition of utils/misc/rls.c.

Back-patch all the way, as column-level privileges are now in all
supported versions.

This has been assigned CVE-2014-8161, but since the issue and the patch
have already been publicized on pgsql-hackers, there's no point in trying
to hide this commit.

gist_poly_compress() and gist_circle_compress() checked for a NULL-pointer
key argument, but that was dead code; the gist code never passes a
NULL-pointer to the "compress" method.

This commit also removes a documentation note added in commit a0a3883d,
about doing NULL-pointer checks in the "compress" method. It was added
based on the fact that some implementations were doing NULL-pointer
checks, but those checks were unnecessary in the first place.

The NULL-pointer check in gbt_var_same() function was also unnecessary.
The arguments to the "same" method come from the "compress", "union", or
"picksplit" methods, but none of them return a NULL pointer.

None of this is to be confused with SQL NULL values. Those are dealt with
by the gist machinery, and are never passed to the GiST opclass methods.

Michael Paquier

Commit 14534353 arranged to store numeric
NaN values as short-header numerics, but the field access macros did not
get the memo: they thought only "SHORT" numerics have short headers.

Most of the time this makes no difference because we don't access the
weight or dscale of a NaN; but numeric_send does that.  As pointed out
by Andrew Gierth, this led to fetching uninitialized bytes.

AFAICS this could not have any worse consequences than that; in particular,
an unaligned stored numeric would have been detoasted by PG_GETARG_NUMERIC,
so that there's no risk of a fetch off the end of memory.  Still, the code
is wrong on its own terms, and it's not hard to foresee future changes that
might expose us to real risks.  So back-patch to all affected branches.

We had better memorialize what the actual requirements are for this.

Some fields of the sinfo struct are modified within PG_TRY and then
referenced within PG_CATCH, so as with recent patch to async.c, "volatile"
is necessary for strict POSIX compliance; and that propagates to a couple
of subroutines as well as materializeQueryResult() itself.  I think the
risk of actual issues here is probably higher than in async.c, because
storeQueryResult() is likely to get inlined into materializeQueryResult(),
leaving the compiler free to conclude that its stores into sinfo fields are
dead code.

Commit 1be4eb1b disabled this, but I
think the real problem here was fixed by commit
b181a919 and commit
d060e07f.  So let's try re-enabling
it now and see what happens.

The "callargs" variable is modified within PG_TRY and then referenced
within PG_CATCH, which is exactly the coding pattern we've now found
to be unsafe.  Marking "callargs" volatile would be problematic because
it is passed by reference to some Tcl functions, so fix the problem
by not modifying it within PG_TRY.  We can just postpone the free()
till we exit the PG_TRY construct, as is already done elsewhere in this
same file.

Also, fix failure to free(callargs) when exiting on too-many-arguments
error.  This is only a minor memory leak, but a leak nonetheless.

In passing, remove some unnecessary "volatile" markings in the same
function.  Those doubtless are there because gcc 2.95.3 whinged about
them, but we now know that its algorithm for complaining is many bricks
shy of a load.

This is certainly a live bug with compilers that optimize similarly
to current gcc, so back-patch to all active branches.

The "pos" variable is modified within PG_TRY and then referenced
within PG_CATCH, so for strict POSIX conformance it must be marked
volatile.  Superficially the code looked safe because pos's address
was taken, which was sufficient to force it into memory ... but it's
not sufficient to ensure that the compiler applies updates exactly
where the program text says to.  The volatility marking has to extend
into a couple of subroutines too, but I think that's probably a good
thing because the risk of out-of-order updates is mostly in those
subroutines not asyncQueueReadAllNotifications() itself.  In principle
the compiler could have re-ordered operations such that an error could
be thrown while "pos" had an incorrect value.

It's unclear how real the risk is here, but for safety back-patch
to all active branches.

On closer inspection, we can remove the "volatile" qualifier on
"using_subtxn" so long as we initialize that before the PG_TRY block,
which there's no particularly good reason not to do.
Also, push the "change" variable inside the PG_TRY so as to remove
all question of whether it needs "volatile", and remove useless
early initializations of "snapshow_now" and "using_subtxn".

Fix unsafe use of a non-volatile variable in PG_TRY/PG_CATCH in
AlterSystemSetConfigFile().  While at it, clean up a bundle of other
infelicities and outright bugs, including corner-case-incorrect linked list
manipulation, a poorly designed and worse documented parse-and-validate
function (which even included some randomly chosen hard-wired substitutes
for the specified elevel in one code path ... wtf?), direct use of open()
instead of fd.c's facilities, inadequate checking of write()'s return
value, and generally poorly written commentary.

Fix unsafe coding around PG_TRY in RelationBuildRowSecurity: can't change
a variable inside PG_TRY and then use it in PG_CATCH without marking it
"volatile".  In this case though it seems saner to avoid that by doing
a single assignment before entering the TRY block.

I started out just intending to fix that, but the more I looked at the
row-security code the more distressed I got.  This patch also fixes
incorrect construction of the RowSecurityPolicy cache entries (there was
not sufficient care taken to copy pass-by-ref data into the cache memory
context) and a whole bunch of sloppiness around the definition and use of
pg_policy.polcmd.  You can't use nulls in that column because initdb will
mark it NOT NULL --- and I see no particular reason why a null entry would
be a good idea anyway, so changing initdb's behavior is not the right
answer.  The internal value of '\0' wouldn't be suitable in a "char" column
either, so after a bit of thought I settled on using '*' to represent ALL.
Chasing those changes down also revealed that somebody wasn't paying
attention to what the underlying values of ACL_UPDATE_CHR etc really were,
and there was a great deal of lackadaiscalness in the catalogs.sgml
documentation for pg_policy and pg_policies too.

This doesn't pretend to be a complete code review for the row-security
stuff, it just fixes the things that were in my face while dealing with
the bugs in RelationBuildRowSecurity.

"iterstate" must be marked volatile since it's changed inside the PG_TRY
block and then used in the PG_CATCH stanza.  Noted by Mark Wilding of
Salesforce.  (We really need to see if we can't get the C compiler to warn
about this.)

Also, reset iterstate to NULL after the mainline ReorderBufferIterTXNFinish
call, to ensure the PG_CATCH block doesn't try to do that a second time.