If the user has certificates in $HOME/.postgresql/postgresql.crt
and $HOME/.postgresql/postgresql.key exist, they are provided
to the server.  The certificate used to sign this cert must be
known to the server, in $DataDir/root.crt.  If successful, the
cert's "common name" is logged.

Client certs are not used for authentication, but they could be
via the port->peer (X509 *), port->peer_dn (char *) or
port->peer_cn (char *) fields.  Or any other function could be
used, e.g., many sites like the issuer + serial number hash.

Bear Giles

private key.  (You want it to be a regular file owned by the
database process, with 0400 or 0600 permissions.)

Bear Giles

In order to reduce the risk of cryptanalysis during extended
sessions (or brief ones involving a substantial amount of data),
this patch renegotiates the session key after 64kib has been
transferred.

Bear Giles

As the comment headers in be-secure.c discusses, EPH preserves
confidentiality even if the static private key (which is usually
kept unencrypted) is compromised.

Because of the value of this, common default values are hard-coded
to protect the confidentiality of the data even if an attacker
successfully deletes or modifies the external file.

Bear Giles

Attached are a revised set of SSL patches.  Many of these patches
are motivated by security concerns, it's not just bug fixes.  The key
differences (from stock 7.2.1) are:

*) almost all code that directly uses the OpenSSL library is in two
   new files,

     src/interfaces/libpq/fe-ssl.c
     src/backend/postmaster/be-ssl.c

   in the long run, it would be nice to merge these two files.

*) the legacy code to read and write network data have been
   encapsulated into read_SSL() and write_SSL().  These functions
   should probably be renamed - they handle both SSL and non-SSL
   cases.

   the remaining code should eliminate the problems identified
   earlier, albeit not very cleanly.

*) both front- and back-ends will send a SSL shutdown via the
   new close_SSL() function.  This is necessary for sessions to
   work properly.

   (Sessions are not yet fully supported, but by cleanly closing
   the SSL connection instead of just sending a TCP FIN packet
   other SSL tools will be much happier.)

*) The client certificate and key are now expected in a subdirectory
   of the user's home directory.  Specifically,

	- the directory .postgresql must be owned by the user, and
	  allow no access by 'group' or 'other.'

	- the file .postgresql/postgresql.crt must be a regular file
	  owned by the user.

	- the file .postgresql/postgresql.key must be a regular file
	  owned by the user, and allow no access by 'group' or 'other'.

   At the current time encrypted private keys are not supported.
   There should also be a way to support multiple client certs/keys.

*) the front-end performs minimal validation of the back-end cert.
   Self-signed certs are permitted, but the common name *must*
   match the hostname used by the front-end.  (The cert itself
   should always use a fully qualified domain name (FDQN) in its
   common name field.)

   This means that

	  psql -h eris db

   will fail, but

	  psql -h eris.example.com db

   will succeed.  At the current time this must be an exact match;
   future patches may support any FQDN that resolves to the address
   returned by getpeername(2).

   Another common "problem" is expiring certs.  For now, it may be
   a good idea to use a very-long-lived self-signed cert.

   As a compile-time option, the front-end can specify a file
   containing valid root certificates, but it is not yet required.

*) the back-end performs minimal validation of the client cert.
   It allows self-signed certs.  It checks for expiration.  It
   supports a compile-time option specifying a file containing
   valid root certificates.

*) both front- and back-ends default to TLSv1, not SSLv3/SSLv2.

*) both front- and back-ends support DSA keys.  DSA keys are
   moderately more expensive on startup, but many people consider
   them preferable than RSA keys.  (E.g., SSH2 prefers DSA keys.)

*) if /dev/urandom exists, both client and server will read 16k
   of randomization data from it.

*) the server can read empheral DH parameters from the files

     $DataDir/dh512.pem
     $DataDir/dh1024.pem
     $DataDir/dh2048.pem
     $DataDir/dh4096.pem

   if none are provided, the server will default to hardcoded
   parameter files provided by the OpenSSL project.

Remaining tasks:

*) the select() clauses need to be revisited - the SSL abstraction
   layer may need to absorb more of the current code to avoid rare
   deadlock conditions.  This also touches on a true solution to
   the pg_eof() problem.

*) the SIGPIPE signal handler may need to be revisited.

*) support encrypted private keys.

*) sessions are not yet fully supported.  (SSL sessions can span
   multiple "connections," and allow the client and server to avoid
   costly renegotiations.)

*) makecert - a script that creates back-end certs.

*) pgkeygen - a tool that creates front-end certs.

*) the whole protocol issue, SASL, etc.

 *) certs are fully validated - valid root certs must be available.
    This is a hassle, but it means that you *can* trust the identity
    of the server.

 *) the client library can handle hardcoded root certificates, to
    avoid the need to copy these files.

 *) host name of server cert must resolve to IP address, or be a
    recognized alias.  This is more liberal than the previous
    iteration.

 *) the number of bytes transferred is tracked, and the session
    key is periodically renegotiated.

 *) basic cert generation scripts (mkcert.sh, pgkeygen.sh).  The
    configuration files have reasonable defaults for each type
    of use.

Bear Giles

are motivated by security concerns, it's not just bug fixes.  The key
differences (from stock 7.2.1) are:

*) almost all code that directly uses the OpenSSL library is in two
   new files,

     src/interfaces/libpq/fe-ssl.c
     src/backend/postmaster/be-ssl.c

   in the long run, it would be nice to merge these two files.

*) the legacy code to read and write network data have been
   encapsulated into read_SSL() and write_SSL().  These functions
   should probably be renamed - they handle both SSL and non-SSL
   cases.

   the remaining code should eliminate the problems identified
   earlier, albeit not very cleanly.

*) both front- and back-ends will send a SSL shutdown via the
   new close_SSL() function.  This is necessary for sessions to
   work properly.

   (Sessions are not yet fully supported, but by cleanly closing
   the SSL connection instead of just sending a TCP FIN packet
   other SSL tools will be much happier.)

*) The client certificate and key are now expected in a subdirectory
   of the user's home directory.  Specifically,

	- the directory .postgresql must be owned by the user, and
	  allow no access by 'group' or 'other.'

	- the file .postgresql/postgresql.crt must be a regular file
	  owned by the user.

	- the file .postgresql/postgresql.key must be a regular file
	  owned by the user, and allow no access by 'group' or 'other'.

   At the current time encrypted private keys are not supported.
   There should also be a way to support multiple client certs/keys.

*) the front-end performs minimal validation of the back-end cert.
   Self-signed certs are permitted, but the common name *must*
   match the hostname used by the front-end.  (The cert itself
   should always use a fully qualified domain name (FDQN) in its
   common name field.)

   This means that

	  psql -h eris db

   will fail, but

	  psql -h eris.example.com db

   will succeed.  At the current time this must be an exact match;
   future patches may support any FQDN that resolves to the address
   returned by getpeername(2).

   Another common "problem" is expiring certs.  For now, it may be
   a good idea to use a very-long-lived self-signed cert.

   As a compile-time option, the front-end can specify a file
   containing valid root certificates, but it is not yet required.

*) the back-end performs minimal validation of the client cert.
   It allows self-signed certs.  It checks for expiration.  It
   supports a compile-time option specifying a file containing
   valid root certificates.

*) both front- and back-ends default to TLSv1, not SSLv3/SSLv2.

*) both front- and back-ends support DSA keys.  DSA keys are
   moderately more expensive on startup, but many people consider
   them preferable than RSA keys.  (E.g., SSH2 prefers DSA keys.)

*) if /dev/urandom exists, both client and server will read 16k
   of randomization data from it.

*) the server can read empheral DH parameters from the files

     $DataDir/dh512.pem
     $DataDir/dh1024.pem
     $DataDir/dh2048.pem
     $DataDir/dh4096.pem

   if none are provided, the server will default to hardcoded
   parameter files provided by the OpenSSL project.

Remaining tasks:

*) the select() clauses need to be revisited - the SSL abstraction
   layer may need to absorb more of the current code to avoid rare
   deadlock conditions.  This also touches on a true solution to
   the pg_eof() problem.

*) the SIGPIPE signal handler may need to be revisited.

*) support encrypted private keys.

*) sessions are not yet fully supported.  (SSL sessions can span
   multiple "connections," and allow the client and server to avoid
   costly renegotiations.)

*) makecert - a script that creates back-end certs.

*) pgkeygen - a tool that creates front-end certs.

*) the whole protocol issue, SASL, etc.

 *) certs are fully validated - valid root certs must be available.
    This is a hassle, but it means that you *can* trust the identity
    of the server.

 *) the client library can handle hardcoded root certificates, to
    avoid the need to copy these files.

 *) host name of server cert must resolve to IP address, or be a
    recognized alias.  This is more liberal than the previous
    iteration.

 *) the number of bytes transferred is tracked, and the session
    key is periodically renegotiated.

 *) basic cert generation scripts (mkcert.sh, pgkeygen.sh).  The
    configuration files have reasonable defaults for each type
    of use.

Bear Giles

undefined (shell) types.

> * Create native Win32 port [win32]

WHERE conditions, if there is no reason to do it differently.

 update to support the new OVERLAY() function.

changed some commented out messages to use the Driver.debug and fixed first to read the underlying data into rowbuffer

(ODBC support has not been committed yet. left for Hiroshi...)

implementation didn't work for Sort nodes associated with Append plans.

applied when the select is a UNION (or other set-operation).

An alternative route to a fix would be to leave analyze.c alone and
change plan_set_operations in prepunion.c to take column names from
the topmost targetlist.  But I am not sure that would work in all
cases.  This patch seems the minimum-risk fix.

> 	o Allow multi-threaded use of SQLCA

2) Fix a bug *passowrd prompt in case of md5 authentication*.
3) Improve the DSN setup dialog.

> * -Add SIMILAR TO to allow character classes, 'pg_[a-c]%'

Implement SQL99 SIMILAR TO as a synonym for our existing operator "~".
Implement SQL99 regular expression SUBSTRING(string FROM pat FOR escape).
 Extend the definition to make the FOR clause optional.
 Define textregexsubstr() to actually implement this feature.
Update the regression test to include these new string features.
 All tests pass.
Rename the regular expression support routines from "pg95_xxx" to "pg_xxx".
Define CREATE CHARACTER SET in the parser per SQL99. No implementation yet.