Very minor issue, though this is required for a later patch.
Reported by Heikki Linnakangas.

This patch changes _bt_split() and _bt_pagedel() to throw a plain ERROR,
rather than PANIC, for several cases that are reported from the field
from time to time:
* right sibling's left-link doesn't match;
* PageAddItem failure during _bt_split();
* parent page's next child isn't right sibling during _bt_pagedel().
In addition the error messages for these cases have been made a bit
more verbose, with additional values included.

The original motivation for PANIC here was to capture core dumps for
subsequent analysis.  But with so many users whose platforms don't capture
core dumps by default, or who are unprepared to analyze them anyway, it's hard
to justify a forced database restart when we can fairly easily detect the
problems before we've reached the critical sections where PANIC would be
necessary.  It is not currently known whether the reports of these messages
indicate well-hidden bugs in Postgres, or are a result of storage-level
malfeasance; the latter possibility suggests that we ought to try to be more
robust even if there is a bug here that's ultimately found.

Backpatch to 8.2.  The code before that is sufficiently different that
it doesn't seem worth the trouble to back-port further.

Spotted by Dmitriy Igrishin.  Back-patch to 8.2, which is when the PREPARE
statement was improved to allow parameter types to be omitted.

Peter Eisentraut reports that some bits of the "address" variable
in get_object_address() give "may be used uninitialized" warnings;
this likes the only excuse his compiler could have for thinking
that's possible.

Review by Alvaro Herrera, KaiGai Kohei, and Tom Lane.

which is perhaps not a terribly good spot for it but there doesn't seem to be
a better place.  Also add a source-code comment pointing out a couple reasons
for having a separate lock file.  Per suggestion from Greg Smith.

of constraints.

Kevin Grittner

Egypt and Palestine.  Added new names for two Micronesian timezones:
Pacific/Chuuk is now preferred over Pacific/Truk (and the preferred
abbreviation is CHUT not TRUT) and Pacific/Pohnpei is preferred over
Pacific/Ponape.  Historical corrections for Finland.

original misleadingly suggests that only access is meant, causing confusion.
Per recent trouble report by Robert McGehee on pgsql-admin.

returning "record" actually do have the same rowtype.  This is needed because
the parser can't realistically enforce that they will all have the same typmod,
as seen in a recent example from David Wheeler.

Back-patch to 8.0, which is as far back as we have the notion of RECORD
subtypes being distinguished by typmod.  Wheeler's example depends on
8.4-and-up features, but I suspect there may be ways to provoke similar
failures before 8.4.

build tree.  If we actually build the docs in the VPATH tree, those dirs
will get created then; but if they're present and empty, they capture the
vpathsearch searches in "make install", preventing installation of prebuilt
docs that might exist in the source tree.  Per bug #5595 from Dmtiriy Igrishin.
Fix based on idea from Peter Eisentraut.

questionable reliability;  information moved to a wiki:

	http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Incrementally_Updated_Backups

Backpatch to 9.0.

While at it, copy-edit the description of prefix-match marker support in
synonym dictionaries, and clarify the description of the default unaccent
dictionary a bit more.

It turns out that some platforms return ENOMEM for a request that violates
SHMALL, whereas we were assuming that ENOSPC would always be used for that.
Apparently the latter is a Linuxism while ENOMEM is the BSD tradition.
Extend the ENOMEM hint to suggest that raising SHMALL might be needed.
Per gripe from A.M.

Backpatch to 9.0, but not further, because this doesn't seem important
enough to warrant creating extra translation work in the stable branches.
(If it were, we'd have figured this out years ago.)

This is reproducibly possible in Python 2.7 if the user turned
PendingDeprecationWarning into an error, but it's theoretically also possible
in earlier versions in case of exceptional conditions.

backpatched to 8.0

portability mistake as always.  Per buildfarm member pika.

Note: as usual, bug fixes that were also applied in back branches are not
considered material to include in a new major release's notes.

but only in VERBOSE mode.  Per discussion.

files automatically.  Otherwise, the following could happen: When
starting from a clean source tree, the first build would delete the
intermediate file, but also create the dependency file, which
mentions the intermediate file, thus making it non-intermediate.
The second build will then need to rebuild the now non-intermediate
missing file.  So the second build will do work even though nothing
had changed.  One place where this happens is the .c -> .o -> .so
chain for some contrib modules.

Backpatch to 9.0.X.

Josh Berkus

default is low because of pg_clog file removal.

Backpatch to 9.0.X.

Pavel Stehule, reviewed by me.

There is no reason that proc.c should have to get involved in this dirty hack
for letting the postmaster know which children are walsenders.  Revert that
file to the way it was, and confine the kluge to pmsignal.c and postmaster.c.

Erik Rijkers

This is mostly about grammar, style, and presentation, though I did find
a few small factual errors.

We already mentioned xid wraparound.

array_in discards unquoted leading and trailing whitespace in array values,
while array_out is careful to quote array elements that contain whitespace.
This is problematic when the definition of "whitespace" varies between
locales: array_in could drop characters that were meant to be part of the
value.  To avoid that, lock down "whitespace" to mean only the traditional
six ASCII space characters.

This change also works around a bug in OS X and some older BSD systems, in
which isspace() could return true for character fragments in UTF8 locales.
(There may be other places in PG where that bug could cause problems, but
this is the only one complained of so far; see recent report from Steven
Schlansker.)

Back-patch to 9.0, but not further.  Given the lack of previous reports
of trouble, changing this behavior in stable branches seems to offer
more risk of breaking applications than reward of avoiding problems.

The original coding tended to break down in the face of modified restore
orders, as shown in bug #5626 from Albert Ullrich, because it would flip over
into parallel-restore operation too soon.  That causes problems because we
don't have sufficient dependency information in dump archives to allow safe
parallel processing of SECTION_PRE_DATA items.  Even if we did, it's probably
undesirable to allow that to override the commanded restore order.

To fix the problem of omitted items causing unexpected changes in restore
order, tweak SortTocFromFile so that omitted items end up at the head of
the list not the tail.  This ensures that they'll be examined and their
dependencies will be marked satisfied before we get to any interesting
items.

In HEAD and 9.0, we can easily change restore_toc_entries_parallel so that
all SECTION_PRE_DATA items are guaranteed to be processed in the initial
serial-restore loop, and hence in commanded order.  Only DATA and POST_DATA
items are candidates for parallel processing.  For them there might be
variations from the commanded order because of parallelism, but we should
do it in a safe order thanks to dependencies.

In 8.4 it's much harder to make such a guarantee.  I settled for not
letting the initial loop break out into parallel processing mode if
it sees a DATA/POST_DATA item that's not to be restored; this at least
prevents a non-restorable item from causing premature exit from the loop.
This means that 8.4 will be more likely to fail given a badly-ordered -L
list than 9.x, but we don't really promise any such thing will work anyway.

to include...

for typed tables.  Noted by Robert Haas.

Per Thom Brown.