These checks are also present in objectaddress.c, so there's no need to
recheck here.

Per a question from Robert Haas.

since it can happen when a process fails to start when the system
is under high load.

Per several bug reports and many peoples investigation.

Back-patch to 8.4, which is as far back as the "deadman-switch"
for shared memory access exists.

copy-editing.

There was an incorrect Assert in hstoreValidOldFormat(), which would cause
immediate core dumps when attempting to work with pre-9.0 hstore data,
but of course only in an assert-enabled build.

Also, ghstore_decompress() incorrectly applied DatumGetHStoreP() to a datum
that wasn't actually an hstore, but rather a ghstore (ie, a gist signature
bitstring).  That used to be harmless, but could now result in misbehavior
if the hstore format conversion code happened to trigger.  In reality,
since ghstore is not marked toastable (and doesn't need to be), this
function is useless anyway; we can lobotomize it down to returning the
passed-in pointer.

Both bugs found by Andrew Gierth, though this isn't exactly his proposed
patch.

when fld is of composite type.  Per discussion of bug #5644 from Valentine
Gogichashvili.

new WAL arrives via streaming replication. This reduces the latency, and
also allows us to use a longer polling interval, which is good for energy
efficiency.

We still need to poll to check for the appearance of a trigger file, but
the interval is now 5 seconds (instead of 100ms), like when waiting for
a new WAL segment to appear in WAL archive.

dynamic pool of event handles, we can permanently assign one for each
shared latch. Thanks to that, we no longer need a separate shared memory
block for latches, and we don't need to know in advance how many shared
latches there is, so you no longer need to remember to update
NumSharedLatches when you introduce a new latch to the system.

some "can't happen" scenarios, and spinlocks should only be held for
a few instructions anyway. As pointed out by Fujii Masao.

In these cases a qual can get marked with the removable rel in its
required_relids, but this is just to schedule its evaluation correctly, not
because it really depends on the rel.  We were assuming that, in effect,
we could throw away *all* quals so marked, which is nonsense.  Tighten up
the logic to be a little more paranoid about which quals belong to the
outer join being considered for removal, and arrange for all quals that
don't belong to be updated so they will still get evaluated correctly.

Also fix another problem that happened to be exposed by this test case,
which was that make_join_rel() was failing to notice some cases where
a constant-false qual could be used to prove a join relation empty.  If it's
a pushed-down constant false, then the relation is empty even if it's an
outer join, because the qual applies after the outer join expansion.

Per report from Nathan Grange.  Back-patch into 9.0.

milliseconds.

an online backup instead of performing one. pg_ctl can detect that by
checking if recovery.conf exists.

Backup label file is renamed away early in recovery, so the window where
backup label exists during recovery is normally very small, but you can run
into it e.g if restore_command is set incorrectly and the startup process
never finds even the first WAL segment containing the checkpoint record to
start recovery from.

Fujii Masao with comments by me.

check, per request by Jeff Davis.

Also, add cross-reference from pg_shadow.passwd to pg_authid.rolpasswd and
fix a bit of markup I muffed in my previous commit.

Per discussion with Josh Kupershmidt.

separating prototypes for functions in walreceiver.c and walreceiverfuncs.c
with comments.

make sense for walsender, but for example application_name and client_encoding
do. We still don't apply per-role settings from pg_db_role_setting, because
that would require connecting to a database to read the table.

Fujii Masao

it doesn't work.

Backpatch to 9.0.X.

Per discussion with Josh Kupershmidt.

Backpatch to 9.0.X.

transaction snapshots, i.e. a snapshot registered at the beginning of
a transaction. Change variable naming and comments to reflect this reality
in preparation for a future, truly serializable mode, e.g.
Serializable Snapshot Isolation (SSI).

For the moment transaction snapshots are still used to implement
SERIALIZABLE, but hopefully not for too much longer. Patch by Kevin
Grittner and Dan Ports with review and some minor wording changes by me.

the unixware buildfarm animals happy again.

wait until it is set. Latches can be used to reliably wait until a signal
arrives, which is hard otherwise because signals don't interrupt select()
on some platforms, and even when they do, there's race conditions.

On Unix, latches use the so called self-pipe trick under the covers to
implement the sleep until the latch is set, without race conditions. On
Windows, Windows events are used.

Use the new latch abstraction to sleep in walsender, so that as soon as
a transaction finishes, walsender is woken up to immediately send the WAL
to the standby. This reduces the latency between master and standby, which
is good.

Preliminary work by Fujii Masao. The latch implementation is by me, with
helpful comments from many people.

ecpg also does not regard cursor names as case-sensitive.

Thanks to Zoltan Boszormenyi for the patch.

It isn't, now that we ship the docs as loose files rather than a sub-tarball.

Also adjust the wording in a couple of places to make the lists of required
software read more consistently.

- remove excessive table cells
- moving function parameters into function tags rather than having
  them being considered separate
- add return type column on XML2 contrib module functions list and
  removing return types from function
- add table header to XML2 contrib parameter table

Thom Brown

Backpatch to 9.0.X.

collation/encoding to match English when reading controldata.  This now
matches the English variable setting used by pg_regress.c.

Backpatch to 9.0.X.

Peter's original patch had this right, but I dropped the check while revising
the code to search pg_constraint instead of pg_index.  Spotted by Dean Rasheed.

A long time ago, this didn't work nicely, but it seems to work on all recent
versions of OS X.  The blank-pad method is less desirable since it results
in lots of extra space in ps' output.  Per Alexey Klyukin.

Since the code underlying pg_get_expr() is not secure against malformed
input, and can't practically be made so, we need to prevent miscreants
from feeding arbitrary data to it.  We can do this securely by declaring
pg_get_expr() to take a new datatype "pg_node_tree" and declaring the
system catalog columns that hold nodeToString output to be of that type.
There is no way at SQL level to create a non-null value of type pg_node_tree.
Since the backend-internal operations that fill those catalog columns
operate below the SQL level, they are oblivious to the datatype relabeling
and don't need any changes.

A data-type-based solution, which is much cleaner and more bulletproof,
will follow shortly.  It seemed best to make this a separate commit though.

Per KOIZUMI Satoru.

type.  Per KOIZUMI Satoru.

SI invalidation events, rather than indirectly through the relcache.

In the previous coding, we had to flush a composite-type typcache entry
whenever we discarded the corresponding relcache entry.  This caused problems
at least when testing with RELCACHE_FORCE_RELEASE, as shown in recent report
from Jeff Davis, and might result in real-world problems given the kind of
unexpected relcache flush that that test mechanism is intended to model.

The new coding decouples relcache and typcache management, which is a good
thing anyway from a structural perspective.  The cost is that we have to
search the typcache linearly to find entries that need to be flushed.  There
are a couple of ways we could avoid that, but at the moment it's not clear
it's worth any extra trouble, because the typcache contains very few entries
in typical operation.

Back-patch to 8.2, the same as some other recent fixes in this general area.
The patch could be carried back to 8.0 with some additional work, but given
that it's only hypothetical whether we're fixing any problem observable in
the field, it doesn't seem worth the work now.

Per discussion.