The relevant backslash commands already exist, so we're just adding an
additional column.  With this commit, all objects that have psql backslash
commands and accept comments should now display those comments at least
in verbose mode.

Josh Kupershmidt, with doc additions by me.

\dc and \dD now accept a "+" option, which will cause the comments to
be displayed.  Along the way, correct a few oversights in the previous
commit in this area, 3b17efdf - namely,
(1) when \dL+ is used, make description still be the last column, for
consistency with what we've done elsewhere; and (2) document the
difference between \dC and \dC+.

Josh Kupershmidt, with a couple of doc changes by me.

Also, handle failure better: don't just blindly keep trying to delete
stuff after the transaction has already failed.

Tim Lewis, reviewed by Josh Kupershmidt, with further hacking by me.

This lie has been harmless until now, but has been exposed by the
change to include postgres.h before the python headers, which
in some versions include inttypes.h if HAVE_INTTYPES_H is set.

Almost all other pages have one; this one must have been forgotten.

For consistency with other man pages.

There is what may actually be a mistake in our markup.  The problem is
in a situation like

<para>
 <command>FOO</command> is ...

there is strictly speaking a line break before "FOO".  In the HTML
output, this does not appear to be a problem, but in the man page
output, this shows up, so you get double blank lines at odd places.

So far, we have attempted to work around this with an XSL hack, but
that causes other problems, such as creating run-ins in places like

<acronym>SQL</acronym> <command>COPY</command>

So fix the problem properly by removing the extra whitespace.  I only
fixed the problems that affect the man page output, not all the
places.

Somebody thought it'd be cute to invent a set of Node tag numbers that were
defined independently of, and indeed conflicting with, the main tag-number
list.  While this accidentally failed to fail so far, it would certainly
lead to trouble as soon as anyone wanted to, say, apply copyObject to these
node types.  Clang was already complaining about the use of makeNode on
these tags, and I think quite rightly so.  Fix by pushing these node
definitions into the mainstream, including putting replnodes.h where it
belongs.

Somebody added a cross-reference to shared_preload_libraries, but wrote the
wrong variable name when they did it (and didn't bother to make it a link
either).

Spotted by Christoph Anton Mitterer.

The previous limit of 1024 was set on the assumption that all modern syslog
implementations have line length limits of 2KB or so.  However, this is
false, as at least Solaris and sysklogd truncate at only 1KB.  900 seems
to leave enough room for the max likely length of the tacked-on prefixes,
so let's go with that.

As with the previous change, it doesn't seem wise to back-patch this into
already-released branches; but it should be OK to sneak it into 9.1.

Noah Misch

Shigeru Hanada, with fairly minor editing by me.

The old check against MAX_RANDOM_VALUE is clearly irrelevant since
getrand() no longer calls random().  Instead, check whether min and max
are close enough together to avoid an overflow inside getrand(), as
suggested by Tom Lane.  This is still somewhat silly, because we're
using atoi(), which doesn't check for overflow anyway and (at least on
my system) will cheerfully return 0 when given "4294967296".  But that's
a problem for another commit.

The previous test for status < 0 test is in fact testing nothing if the
compiler considers an enum to be an unsigned data type.  clang doesn't
like tautologies, so do this instead.

Report by Peter Geoghegan, fix as suggested by Tom Lane.

Backpatch to 9.1 and 9.0.

To avoid having the python headers hijack various definitions,
we now include them after all the system headers we want, having
first undefined some of the things they want to define. After that's
done we restore the things they scribbled on that matter, namely our
snprintf and vsnprintf macros, if we're using them.

Instead of entering them on transaction startup, we materialize them
only when someone wants to wait, which will occur only during CREATE
INDEX CONCURRENTLY.  In Hot Standby mode, the startup process must also
be able to probe for conflicting VXID locks, but the lock need never be
fully materialized, because the startup process does not use the normal
lock wait mechanism.  Since most VXID locks never need to touch the
lock manager partition locks, this can significantly reduce blocking
contention on read-heavy workloads.

Patch by me.  Review by Jeff Davis.

The output of \dL (list languages) is fairly narrow, so we just always
display the comment.  \dC (list casts) can get fairly wide, so we only
display comments if the new \dC+ option is specified.

Josh Kupershmidt

wal_level = minimum.

Backpatch to 9.1 and 9.0.

glibc renders random() thread-safe by wrapping a futex lock around it;
testing reveals that this limits the performance of pgbench on machines
with many CPU cores.  Rather than switching to random_r(), which is
only available on GNU systems and crashes unless you use undocumented
alchemy to initialize the random state properly, switch to our built-in
implementation of erand48(), which is both thread-safe and concurrent.

Since the list of reasons not to use the operating system's erand48()
is getting rather long, rename ours to pg_erand48() (and similarly
for our implementations of lrand48() and srand48()) and just always
use those.  We were already doing this on Cygwin anyway, and the
glibc implementation is not quite thread-safe, so pgbench wouldn't
be able to use that either.

Per discussion with Tom Lane.

This kluge was inserted in a spot apparently chosen at random: the lock
manager's state is not yet fully set up for the wait, and in particular
LockWaitCancel hasn't been armed by setting lockAwaited, so the ProcLock
will not get cleaned up if the ereport is thrown.  This seems to not cause
any observable problem in trivial test cases, because LockReleaseAll will
silently clean up the debris; but I was able to cause failures with tests
involving subtransactions.

Fixes breakage induced by commit c85c9414.
Back-patch to all affected branches.

It was initialized in the wrong place and to the wrong value.  With bad
luck this could result in incorrect query-cancellation failures in hot
standby sessions, should a HS backend be holding pin on buffer number 1
while trying to acquire a lock.

This fixes bug #6139 reported by Hitoshi Harada.

This is to be able to analyze issues with host names in pg_hba.conf.

Win32.

Backpatch to 9.1.

Testing shows that the overhead of acquiring and releasing
SInvalReadLock and msgNumLock on high-core count boxes can waste a lot
of CPU time and hurt performance.  This patch adds a per-backend flag
that allows us to skip all that locking in most cases.  Further
testing shows that this improves performance even when sinval traffic
is very high.

Patch by me.  Review and testing by Noah Misch.

pg_backup_db.c contained a mini SQL lexer with which it tried to identify
boundaries between SQL commands, but that code was not designed to cope
with standard_conforming_strings, and would get the wrong answer if a
backslash immediately precedes a closing single quote in such a string,
as per report from Julian Mehnle.  The bug only affects direct-to-database
restores from archive files made with standard_conforming_strings = on.

Rather than complicating the code some more to try to fix that, let's just
rip it all out.  The only reason it was needed was to cope with COPY data
embedded into ordinary archive entries, which was a layout that was used
only for about the first three weeks of the archive format's existence,
and never in any production release of pg_dump.  Instead, just rely on the
archive file layout to tell us whether we're printing COPY data or not.

This bug represents a data corruption hazard in all releases in which
standard_conforming_strings can be turned on, ie 8.2 and later, so
back-patch to all supported branches.

Noted by Josh Kupershmidt.

It turns out to be possible to link against a libxml2.so that does this
differently than the version we configured and built against, so we need
a runtime check to avoid bizarre behavior.  Per report from Bernd Helmle.
Patch by Florian Pflug.

They are identical, but the overwhelming majority of the code uses %d,
so standardize on that.

Josh Kupershmidt, with minor modifications by me.

Per discussion with Josh Kupershmidt.

Windows doesn't have Unix sockets, so it's not needed, and moreover causes compile warnings.

It is set correctly on the only path that uses it, but the
compiler can't know that.

This probably needs more work, but it's a start.

KaiGai Kohei

Laurenz Albe, somewhat modified by me.