Josh Kupershmidt.  Reviewing and kibitzing by Kevin Grittner and me.

possible (ie, whenever the tsquery is a constant), even when no statistics
are available for the tsvector.  For example, foo @@ 'a & b'::tsquery
can be expected to be more selective than foo @@ 'a'::tsquery, whether
or not we know anything about foo.  We use DEFAULT_TS_MATCH_SEL as the assumed
selectivity of individual query terms when no stats are available, then
combine the terms according to the query's AND/OR structure as usual.

Per experimentation with Artur Dabrowski's example.  (The fact that there
are no stats available in that example is a problem in itself, but
nonetheless tsmatchsel should be smarter about the case.)

Back-patch to 8.4 to keep all versions of tsmatchsel() in sync.

routines to make them behave better in the presence of "lossy" index pointers.
The previous coding was outright incorrect for some cases, as recently
reported by Artur Dabrowski: scanGetItem would fail to return index entries in
cases where one index key had multiple exact pointers on the same page as
another key had a lossy pointer.  Also, keyGetItem was extremely inefficient
for cases where a single index key generates multiple "entry" streams, such as
an @@ operator with a multiple-clause tsquery.  The presence of a lossy page
pointer in any one stream defeated its ability to use the opclass
consistentFn, resulting in probing many heap pages that didn't really need to
be visited.  In Artur's example case, a query like
	WHERE tsvector @@ to_tsquery('a & b')
was about 50X slower than the theoretically equivalent
	WHERE tsvector @@ to_tsquery('a') AND tsvector @@ to_tsquery('b')
The way that I chose to fix this was to have GIN call the consistentFn
twice with both TRUE and FALSE values for the in-doubt entry stream,
returning a hit if either call produces TRUE, but not if they both return
FALSE.  The code handles this for the case of a single in-doubt entry stream,
but punts (falling back to the stupid behavior) if there's more than one lossy
reference to the same page.  The idea could be scaled up to deal with multiple
lossy references, but I think that would probably be wasted complexity.  At
least to judge by Artur's example, such cases don't occur often enough to be
worth trying to optimize.

Back-patch to 8.4.  8.3 did not have lossy GIN index pointers, so not
subject to these problems.

Review by Tom Lane.

look through join alias Vars to avoid breaking join queries, and
move the test to someplace where it will catch more possible ways
of calling a function.  We still ought to throw away the whole thing
in favor of a data-type-based solution, but that's not feasible in
the back branches.

This needs to be back-patched further than 9.0, but I don't have time
to do so today.  Committing now so that the fix gets into 9.0beta4.

Transaction aborts now record their LSN to avoid corner case
behaviour in SR/HS, hence change of name of variables and functions.
As pointed out by Fujii Masao. Cosmetic changes only.

Operating directly on the underlying varlena saves palloc and memcpy
overhead, which testing shows to be significant.

Extracted from a larger patch by Alexander Korotkov.

related functions.  Per today's discussion, we will henceforth assume
that datatype I/O functions are either stable or immutable, never volatile.
(This implies in particular that domain CHECK constraint expressions shouldn't
be volatile, since domain_in executes them.)  In turn, functions that execute
the I/O functions of arbitrary datatypes should always be labeled stable.
This affects the labeling of array_to_string, which was unsafely marked
immutable, and record_in, record_out, record_recv, record_send,
domain_in, domain_recv, which were over-conservatively marked volatile.
The array I/O functions were already marked stable, which is correct
per this policy but would have been wrong if we maintained domain_in
as volatile.

Back-patch to 9.0, along with an earlier fix to correctly mark cash_in
and cash_out as stable not immutable (since they depend on lc_monetary).

No catversion bump --- the implications of this are not currently
severe enough to justify a forced initdb.

Block elements with verbatim formatting (literallayout, programlisting,
screen, synopsis) should be aligned at column 0 independent of the surrounding
SGML, because whitespace is significant, and indenting them creates erratic
whitespace in the output.  The CSS stylesheets already take care of indenting
the output.

Assorted markup improvements to go along with it.

assuming that a local char[] array would be aligned on at least a word
boundary.  There are architectures on which that is pretty much guaranteed to
NOT be the case ... and those arches also don't like non-aligned memory
accesses, meaning that log_newpage() would crash if it ever got invoked.
Even on Intel-ish machines there's a potential for a large performance penalty
from doing I/O to an inadequately aligned buffer.  So palloc it instead.

Backpatch to 8.0 --- 7.4 doesn't have this code.

table with a <variablelist> carrying the same information.  Previously the
9.0 documentation was failing to build as a US-size PDF file.  It's quite
obscure what the real problem is or why this avoids it, but we need a hack
now so we can build docs for beta4.

In passing do a bit of editing in the AIX installation docs, in particular
remove a long-obsolete claim that the regression tests are likely to fail.

If a zeroed page is present in the heap, ALTER TABLE .. SET TABLESPACE will
set the LSN and TLI while copying it, which is wrong, and heap_xlog_newpage()
will do the same thing during replay, so the corruption propagates to any
standby.  Note, however, that the bug can't be demonstrated unless archiving
is enabled, since in that case we skip WAL logging altogether, and the LSN/TLI
are not set.

Back-patch to 8.0; prior releases do not have tablespaces.

Analysis and patch by Jeff Davis.  Adjustments for back-branches and minor
wordsmithing by me.

Use this to catch a couple of lock level assignments that slipped
through manual testing, per Peter Eisentraut.

list in ExecLockRows() forgot to allow for the possibility that some of the
rowmarks are for child tables that aren't relevant to the current row.
Per report from Kenichiro Tanaka.

Avoid hard-coding lockmode used for many altering DDL commands, allowing easier
future changes of lock levels. Implementation of initial analysis on DDL
sub-commands, so that many lock levels are now at ShareUpdateExclusiveLock or
ShareRowExclusiveLock, allowing certain DDL not to block reads/writes.
First of number of planned changes in this area; additional docs required
when full project complete.

a pass-by-reference datatype with a nontrivial projection step.
We were using the same memory context for the projection operation as for
the temporary context used by the hashtable routines in execGrouping.c.
However, the hashtable routines feel free to reset their temp context at
any time, which'd lead to destroying input data that was still needed.
Report and diagnosis by Tao Ma.

Back-patch to 8.1, where the problem was introduced by the changes that
allowed us to work with "virtual" tuples instead of materializing intermediate
tuple values everywhere.  The earlier code looks quite similar, but it doesn't
suffer the problem because the data gets copied into another context as a
result of having to materialize ExecProject's output tuple.

These two settings ought to be independent of each other.

Review by Dave Page.

Backpatch to 8.4.

Marc Cousin.  Review by Kevin Grittner.

We used to be consistent about this, but my recent patch to add a
restart_after_crash GUC failed to follow the existing convention.

Report and patch from Fujii Masao.

Author: Alex Hunsaker

backpatched to 8.1

from John Gage

Reviewed by Bernd Helmle.

from John Gage

migrations.

Backpatch to 9.0.

where the oid is not preserved by pg_upgrade (everything but pg_type).
Update documentation.

Per bug report from depstein@alliedtesting.com.

by Thom Brown

- Prohibit altering column type
- Prohibit changing inheritance
- Move checks from Exec to Prep phases in ALTER TABLE code

backpatched to 9.0

We now use the phrase 'via local socket in' rather than 'on host' in both
\c and \conninfo output, when applicable.

Fujii Masao, with some kibitzing by me.

Backpatch to 8.0.

Andres Freund, with cleanup and adjustment for older branches by me.

Fujii Masao

I've added a quote_all_identifiers GUC which affects the behavior
of the backend, and a --quote-all-identifiers argument to pg_dump
and pg_dumpall which sets the GUC and also affects the quoting done
internally by those applications.

Design by Tom Lane; review by Alex Hunsaker; in response to bug #5488
filed by Hartmut Goebel.