KaiGai Kohei, with adjustments to the comments.

catalog entries via SearchSysCache and related operations.  Although, at the
time that these callbacks are called by elog.c, we have not officially aborted
the current transaction, it still seems rather risky to initiate any new
catalog fetches.  In all these cases the needed information is readily
available in the caller and so it's just a matter of a bit of extra notation
to pass it to the callback.

Per crash report from Dennis Koegel.  I've concluded that the real fix for
his problem is to clear the error context stack at entry to proc_exit, but
it still seems like a good idea to make the callbacks a bit less fragile
for other cases.

Backpatch to 8.4.  We could go further back, but the patch doesn't apply
cleanly.  In the absence of proof that this fixes something and isn't just
paranoia, I'm not going to expend the effort.

in the xact field on replay, due to not writing out all the data in
the wal log struct.

Docs were unclear on whether or not database=replication was required,
nor did they mention the FATAL error this causes if database parameter is
mentioned explicitly, whatever its value.

was broken for a replication connection and no messages were
displayed on either standby or primary, at any debug level.
Connection messages needed to diagnose session drop/reconnect
events. Use LOG mode for now, discuss lowering in later releases.

correctly sized and expand comment to explain otherwise
undocumented use of replication connection parameter.

present since 8.0 was never fully meaningful, since two recovery targets
cannot be specified. Refactor recovery target type to make this change
and associated code easier to understand. No change in function.

Bug report arising from internal support question.

field into WAL record and reset it from there, rather than using
FrozenTransactionId which can lead to some corner case bugs.

Problem report and suggested route to a fix from Heikki, details by me.

with a few strategically placed pg_verifymbstr calls.

Also make a couple other minor editorial improvements.

In PLy_spi_execute_plan, use the data-type specific Python-to-PostgreSQL
conversion function instead of passing everything through InputFunctionCall
as a string.  The equivalent fix was already done months ago for function
parameters and return values, but this other gateway between Python and
PostgreSQL was apparently forgotten.  As a result, data types that need
special treatment, such as bytea, would misbehave when used with
plpy.execute.

in recovery_end_command, it always came out as 0 because InRedo was
cleared before recovery_end_command was executed. Also, always take
ControlFileLock when reading checkpoint location for %r.

The recovery_end_command bug and the missing locking was present in 8.4
as well, that part of this patch will be backported separately.

This variable is apparently only for Python internally.  In newer releases
of Python this variable pulls in more and more libraries that users are
less likely to have, leading to potential build failures.

Fujii Masao

to transformAggregateCall, instead of abusing fields in Aggref to carry them
temporarily.  No change in functionality but hopefully the code is a bit
clearer now.  Per gripe from Gokulakannan Somasundaram.

Also fix and uncomment an old example of creating a GIST index, and make
a couple of other minor editorial adjustments.

the master is still in recovery. We don't support cascading slaves yet.

Patch by Fujii Masao, with slightly changed wording.

correct, as described in comments at start of xlog.c

Jaime Casanova

Add ERRCODE_INVALID_PASSWORD sqlstate error code.

In particular, the assertion that shmall is sufficiently sized by default
is slowly becoming untrue.

by Dan O'Hara.

Patch by Teodor Sigaev