Backpatch to 9.2.

The idea here is to make sure the planner will evaluate these functions
last not first among the filter conditions in psql pattern search and
tab-completion queries.  We've discussed this several times, and there
was consensus to do it back in August, but we didn't want to do it just
before a release.  Now seems like a safer time.

No catversion bump, since this catalog change doesn't create a backend
incompatibility nor any regression test result changes.

Building a shlib on AIX requires use of the mkldexport.sh script, but we
failed to install that, preventing its use from non-source-tree contexts.
Also, Makefile.aix had the wrong idea about where to find the installed
copy of the postgres.imp symbol file used by AIX.

Per report from John Pierce.  Patch all the way back, since this has been
broken since the beginning of PGXS.

Do read/write permissions checks at most once per large object descriptor,
not once per lo_read or lo_write call as before.  The repeated tests were
quite useless in the read case since the snapshot-based tests were
guaranteed to produce the same answer every time.  In the write case,
the extra tests could in principle detect revocation of write privileges
after a series of writes has started --- but there's a race condition there
anyway, since we'd check privileges before performing and certainly before
committing the write.  So there's no real advantage to checking every
single time, and we might as well redefine it as "only check the first
time".

On the same reasoning, remove the LargeObjectExists checks in inv_write
and inv_truncate.  We already checked existence when the descriptor was
opened, and checking again doesn't provide any real increment of safety
that would justify the cost.

I extracted the refactoring patch from a larger patch that contained other
changes too, but missed one unintentional change and didn't test enough...

This is just refactoring with no user-visible effect, to make the code more
readable.

The former name was too likely to conflict with symbols from external
headers; and, as seen in recent buildfarm failures in member spoonbill,
it has now happened at least in plpython.

Fujii Masao

e.g. fsync  2103.613 ops/sec (   475 microsecs/op)

Peter Geoghegan

I found that these functions tend to return -1 while leaving an empty error
message string in the PGconn, if they suffer some kind of I/O error on the
file.  The reason is that lo_close, which thinks it's executed a perfectly
fine SQL command, clears the errorMessage.  The minimum-change workaround
is to reorder operations here so that we don't fill the errorMessage until
after lo_close.

lo_export returns -1, not zero, on failure.

libpq defines these functions as accepting "size_t" lengths ... but the
underlying backend functions expect signed int32 length parameters, and so
will misinterpret any value exceeding INT_MAX.  Fix the libpq side to throw
error rather than possibly doing something unexpected.

This is a bug of long standing, but I doubt it's worth back-patching.  The
problem is really pretty academic anyway with lo_read/lo_write, since any
caller expecting sane behavior would have to have provided a multi-gigabyte
buffer.  It's slightly more pressing with lo_truncate, but still we haven't
supported large objects over 2GB until now.

It was apparently never necessary.

Fix broken-on-bigendian-machines byte-swapping functions, add missed update
of alternate regression expected file, improve error reporting, remove some
unnecessary code, sync testlo64.c with current testlo.c (it seems to have
been cloned from a very old copy of that), assorted cosmetic improvements.

Since postgres.h includes palloc.h, definitions that affect the latter
must be present before the former is included.

Per buildfarm results

We already had those, but they forced modules to spell out the function
bodies twice.  Eliminate some duplicates we had already grown.

Extracted from a somewhat larger patch from Andres Freund.

Phil Sorber and Thom Brown. Reviewed by Albe Laurenz.

Tomonaru Katsumata

This bug was introduced by my patch to use the regular die/quickdie signal
handlers in walsender processes. I tried to make walsender exit at next
CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS() by setting ProcDiePending, but that's not enough, you
need to set InterruptPending too. On second thoght, it was not a very good
way to make walsender exit anyway, so use proc_exit(0) instead.

Also, send a CommandComplete message before exiting; that's what we did
before, and you get a nicer error message in the standby that way.

Reported by Thom Brown.

Get rid of the fundamentally indefensible assumption that "long long int"
exists and is exactly 64 bits wide on every platform Postgres runs on.
Instead let the configure script select the type to use for "pg_int64".

This is a bit of a pain in the rear since we do not want to pollute client
namespace with all the random symbols that pg_config.h defines; instead
we have to create a separate generated header file, "pg_config_ext.h".
But now that the infrastructure is there, we might have the ability to
add some other stuff that's long been wanting in this area.

Copy-editing for previous patch, plus fixing some longstanding markup
issues and oversights (like not mentioning that failures will set the
PQerrorMessage string).

INT64CONST macro. Fix lo_hton64 and lo_ntoh64 not to use int32_t and
uint32_t.

addition.

4TB large objects (standard 8KB BLCKSZ case).  For this purpose new
libpq API lo_lseek64, lo_tell64 and lo_truncate64 are added.  Also
corresponding new backend functions lo_lseek64, lo_tell64 and
lo_truncate64 are added. inv_api.c is changed to handle 64-bit
offsets.

Patch contributed by Nozomi Anzai (backend side) and Yugo Nagata
(frontend side, docs, regression tests and example program). Reviewed
by Kohei Kaigai. Committed by Tatsuo Ishii with minor editings.

Use the terms "simple bind" and "search+bind" consistently do
distinguish the two modes (better than first mode and second mode in
any case).  They were already used in some places, now it's just more
prominent.

Split up the list of options into one for common options and one for
each mode, for clarity.

Add configuration examples for either mode.

because it is not correct.

Instead of continuing if the next character is not an array boundary get_data()
used to continue only on finding a boundary so it was not able to read any
element after the first.

The regular backend's main loop handles signal handling and error recovery
better than the current WAL sender command loop does. For example, if the
client hangs and a SIGTERM is received before starting streaming, the
walsender will now terminate immediately, rather than hang until the
connection times out.

Per testing of previous patch.

This makes the naming inside plpgsql consistent and distinguishes the
file from the backend's gram.y file.  It will also allow easier
refactoring of the bison make rules later on.

Our getnameinfo() replacement implementation in getaddrinfo.c failed
unless NI_NUMERICHOST and NI_NUMERICSERV were given as flags, because
it doesn't resolve host names, only numeric IPs.  But per standard,
when those flags are not given, an implementation can still degrade to
not returning host names, so this restriction is unnecessary.  When we
remove it, we can eliminate some code in postmaster.c that apparently
tried to work around that.

The initial transition value is stored as a text string and not fed to the
transition type's input function until runtime (so that values such as
"now" don't get frozen at creation time).  Previously, CREATE AGGREGATE
didn't do anything with it but that, which meant that even erroneous values
would be accepted and not complained of until the aggregate is used.  This
seems unhelpful, and it's confused at least one user, as in Rhys Stewart's
recent report.  It seems worth taking a few more cycles to invoke the input
function and verify that the value is acceptable.  We can't do this if the
transition type is polymorphic, but in normal aggregates we know the actual
transition type so we can call the right input function.

The previous coding of the YYLLOC_DEFAULT macro behaved strangely for empty
productions, assigning the previous nonterminal's location as the parse
location of the result.  The usefulness of that was (at best) debatable
already, but the real problem is that in list-generating nonterminals like
	OptFooList: /* EMPTY */ { ... } | OptFooList Foo { ... } ;
the initially-identified location would get copied up, so that even a
nonempty list would be given a bogus parse location.  Document how to work
around that, and do so for OptSchemaEltList, so that the error condition
just added for CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS produces a sane error cursor.
So far as I can tell, there are currently no other cases where the
situation arises, so we don't need other instances of this coding yet.

These reference pages still claimed that you have to be superuser to create
a database or schema owned by a different role.  That was true before 8.1,
but it was changed in commits aa111062 and
f91370cd to allow assignment of ownership
to any role you are a member of.  However, at the time we were thinking of
that primarily as a change to the ALTER OWNER rules, so the need to touch
these two CREATE ref pages got missed.

Per discussion, schema-element subcommands are not allowed together with
this option, since it's not very obvious what should happen to the element
objects.

Fabrízio de Royes Mello