Some callers were creating copies of tuple descriptors to pass to that
function, stating in code comments that it was necessary because it
modified the passed descriptor.  Code inspection reveals this not to be
true, and indeed not all callers are passing copies in the first place.
So remove the extra ones and the misleading comments about this behavior
as well.

Applied patch by Christoph Berg <cb@df7cb.de> to replace placeholder "%s" by
correct string.

The release notes may contain non-ASCII characters (for contributor
names), which lynx converts to the encoding determined by the current
locale.  The get output that is deterministic and easily readable by
everyone, we make lynx produce LATIN1 and then convert that to ASCII
with transliteration for the non-ASCII characters.

I mis-simplified the test where ANALYZE decided if it could get away
without doing anything: under the new regime, that's never allowed.  Per
bug #6068 from Jeff Janes.  Back-patch to 8.4, just like previous patch.

Since we now have a global rule in the root .gitignore,
there's no need to keep directory-specific ones as well.

Noted by Peter Eisentraut

This is a dangerous example to provide because on machines with GNU cp,
it will silently do the wrong thing and risk archive corruption.  Worse,
during the 9.0 cycle somebody "improved" the discussion by removing the
warning that used to be there about that, and instead leaving the
impression that the command would work as desired on most Unixen.
It doesn't.  Try to rectify the damage by providing an example that is safe
most everywhere, and then noting that you can try cp -i if you want but
you'd better test that.

In back-patching this to all supported branches, I also added an example
command for Windows, which wasn't provided before 9.0.

Per gripe from Tom Lane. I have tested this with VC 2008, and assume
it will work with earlier versions.

For some reason, when we (I) added table lock acquisition to pg_dump,
we didn't think about making it happen as soon as possible after the
start of the transaction.  What with subsequent additions, there was
actually quite a lot going on before we got around to that; which sort
of defeats the purpose.  Rearrange the order of calls in dumpSchema()
to close the risk window as much as we easily can.  Back-patch to all
supported branches.

The previous code went into an infinite loop after overflow.  In fact,
an overflow is not really an error; it just means that the current
value is the last one we need to return.  So, just arrange to stop
immediately when overflow is detected.

Back-patch all the way.

The code that created the init fork neglected to make sure that the
relation was open at the smgr level before attempting to invoke smgr.
This didn't happen every time; only when the relcache entry was rebuilt
along the way.

Per report from Garick Hamlin.

There's no need to add space for startupBufferPinWaitBufId, because
it's part of the PROC_HDR object for which this function already
allocates space.

This has been wrong for a while, but the only consequence is that our
shared memory allocation is increased by 4 bytes, so no back-patch.

Per Josh Kupershmidt and Tom Lane.

We had already converted most places to this style, but this patch gets the
last few that were still doing it the old way.  The main advantage is that
this exposes a greppable name for each target column, rather than having
to rely on comments (which a couple of places failed to provide anyhow).

Richard Hopkins, additional work by me to clean up update_attstats() too

gcc 4.6 complains about these because of the new option
-Wunused-but-set-variable which comes in with -Wall, so cast them to
void, which avoids the warning.

Flexible array members are a C99 feature that avoids "cheating" in the
declaration of variable-length arrays at the end of structs.  With
Autoconf support, this should be transparent for older compilers.

We start with one use in gist.h because gcc 4.6 started to raise a
warning there.  Over time, it can be expanded to other places in the
source, but they will likely need some review of sizeof and offsetof
usage.  The current change in gist.h appears to be safe in this
regard.

SSI is based on, as well as the optimizations about relative commit times
and read-only transactions. Plus a bunch of other misc fixes and
improvements.

Dan Ports

Kevin Grittner

Btree pages were recycled after VACUUM deletes all records on a
page and then a subsequent VACUUM occurs after the RecentXmin
horizon is reached. Using RecentXmin meant that we did not respond
correctly to the user controls provide to avoid Hot Standby
conflicts and so spurious conflicts could be generated in some
workload combinations. We now reuse pages only when we reach
RecentGlobalXmin, which can be much later in the presence of long
running queries and is also controlled by vacuum_defer_cleanup_age
and hot_standby_feedback.

Noah Misch and Simon Riggs

Per recommendation from Peter.  Neither choice is bulletproof, but this
is the existing style and it does help prevent unexpected environment
variable substitution.

The initial commit of the ALTER TABLE ADD FOREIGN KEY NOT VALID feature
failed to support labeling such constraints as deferrable.  The best fix
for this seems to be to fold NOT VALID into ConstraintAttributeSpec.
That's a bit more general than the documented syntax, but it allows
better-targeted syntax error messages.

In addition, do some mostly-but-not-entirely-cosmetic code review for
the whole NOT VALID patch.

This oversight could result in a tuplestore using much more than the
intended amount of memory.  It would only happen in a code path that loaded
a tuplestore via tuplestore_putvalues(), and many of those won't emit huge
amounts of data; but cases such as holdable cursors and plpgsql's RETURN
NEXT command could have the problem.  The fix ensures that the tuplestore
will switch to write-to-disk mode when it overruns work_mem.

The potential overrun was finite, because we would still count the space
used by the tuple pointer array, so the tuplestore code would eventually
flip into write-to-disk mode anyway.  When storing wide tuples we would
go far past the expected work_mem usage before that happened; but this
may account for the lack of prior reports.

Back-patch to 8.4, where tuplestore_putvalues was introduced.

Per bug #6061 from Yann Delorme.

The short-form -z switch didn't work, for lack of telling getopt_long
about it; and even if specified long-form, it failed to do anything,
because the various tests elsewhere in the file would take
Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION (which is -1) as meaning "don't compress".

Per bug #6060 from Shigehiro Honda, though I editorialized on his patch
a bit.

the marked-for-death flag. It was only set for a fleeting moment while a
transaction was being cleaned up at rollback. All the places that checked
for the rolled-back flag should also check the marked-for-death flag, as
both flags mean that the transaction will roll back. I also renamed the
marked-for-death into "doomed", which is a lot shorter name.

snapshots, like in REINDEX, are basically non-transactional operations. The
DDL operation itself might participate in SSI, but there's separate
functions for that.

Kevin Grittner and Dan Ports, with some changes by me.

This matches what \d actually accepts.

This has always been true, it was just never documented.

the same file system, and that authentication should lock out normal
users.

Per suggestsion from #postgresql irc channel.

Backpatch to 9.1.

Apparently there is no buildfarm critter exercising this case after all,
because it fails in several places.  With this patch, build, install,
check-world, and installcheck-world pass for me on OS X.

The variable became obsolete in commit
68739ba8, but only gcc 4.6 shows the
warning.

We don't have to remove the column if no one is bothered, but it's
useful to comment on it in case someone looks for it in newer
standards versions.

Per note from Tom

... when talking about how good they are in replacement of bulk DELETE
in partitioned setups.

The original wording was a bit confusing.

Per an observation from David Wheeler.