Updates/Deletes on a relation were allowed even without replica identity
after we define the publication for all tables. This would later lead to
an error on subscribers. The reason was that for such publications we were
not invalidating the relcache and the publication information for
relations was not getting rebuilt. Similarly, we were not invalidating the
relcache after dropping of such publications which will prohibit
Updates/Deletes without replica identity even without any publication.

Author: Vignesh C and Hou Zhijie
Reviewed-by: Hou Zhijie, Kyotaro Horiguchi, Amit Kapila
Backpatch-through: 10, where it was introduced
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALDaNm0pF6zeWqCA8TCe2sDuwFAy8fCqba=nHampCKag-qLixg@mail.gmail.com

This affects one message and some documentation that used the format
"read only", unlike everything else that used read-only.

Backpatch-through: 14
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CABUevExuxKwn0YM3+wdSeQSvK6CRrJ-hewocGVX3R4-xVX4eMw@mail.gmail.com

Commit 67c33a11 should have set v14's catversion back to what it was
before 3eda9fc0, to avoid forcing a useless pg_upgrade cycle on users
of 14beta3.  Do that now.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2598498.1630702074@sss.pgh.pa.us

Introduced by commit c3928b467a, backpatch to v14 like that one.

Author: Amit Langote
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CA+HiwqFQgNLS6VGntMcuJV6erBFV425xA6wBVnY=41GK4zC0Bw@mail.gmail.com

We make each AIX shared library export all globals found in .o files
that originate in the library.  That doesn't include symbols acquired by
-lpgcommon_shlib.  That is good on average, but it became a problem for
libpq when commit e6afa891 moved five
official libpq API symbols into src/common.  Fix this by implementing
the SHLIB_EXPORTS mechanism for AIX, so affected libraries export the
same symbols that they export on Linux.  This reintroduces symbols
pg_encoding_to_char, pg_utf_mblen, pg_char_to_encoding,
pg_valid_server_encoding, and pg_valid_server_encoding_id.  Back-patch
to v13, where the aforementioned commit first appeared.  While a minor
release is usually the wrong time to add or remove symbol exports in
libpq or libecpg, we should expect users to want each documented symbol.

Tony Reix

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/PR3PR02MB6396742E2FC3E77D37A920BC86C79@PR3PR02MB6396.eurprd02.prod.outlook.com

timetz_zone() delivered completely wrong answers if the zone was
specified by a dynamic TZ abbreviation, because it failed to account
for the difference between the POSIX conventions for field values in
struct pg_tm and the conventions used in PG-specific datetime code.

As a stopgap fix, just adjust the tm_year and tm_mon fields to match
PG conventions.  This is fixed in a different way in HEAD (388e71af8)
but I don't want to back-patch the change of reference point.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAJ7c6TOMG8zSNEZtCn5SPe+cCk3Lfxb71ZaQwT2F4T7PJ_t=KA@mail.gmail.com

Since ea53100d (PostgreSQL 12), the shipped pkg-config files have
been broken for statically linking libpq because libpgcommon and
libpgport are missing.  This patch adds those two missing private
dependencies (in a non-hardcoded way).
Reported-by: Filip Gospodinov <f@gospodinov.ch>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/c7108bde-e051-11d5-a234-99beec01ce2a@gospodinov.ch

Attempting to make hashfloat4() look as much as possible like
hashfloat8(), I'd figured I could replace NaNs with get_float4_nan()
before widening to float8.  However, results from protosciurus
and topminnow show that on some platforms that produces a different
bit-pattern from get_float8_nan(), breaking the intent of ce773f230.
Rearrange so that we use the result of get_float8_nan() for all NaN
cases.  As before, back-patch.

Fix alphabetization of the output of "\?", and improve one description.

Update PageOutput counts where needed, fixing breakage from previous
patches.

Haiying Tang (PageOutput fixes by me)

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB61136018064660F095CB57A8FB129@OS0PR01MB6113.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com

This reverts commit 515e3d84a0b5 and equivalent commits in back
branches.  This solution to the problem has a number of problems, so
we'll try again with a different approach.

Per note from Andres Freund

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210831042949.52eqp5xwbxgrfank@alap3.anarazel.de

Replace fixed-length command buffers with psprintf() calls.  We didn't
have anything as convenient as psprintf() when this code was written,
but now that we do, there's little reason for the limitation to
stand.  Removing it eliminates some corner cases where (for example)
starting the postmaster with a whole lot of options fails.

Most individual file names that pg_ctl deals with are still restricted
to MAXPGPATH, but we've seldom had complaints about that limitation
so long as it only applies to one filename.

Back-patch to all supported branches.

Phil Krylov

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/567e199c6b97ee19deee600311515b86@krylov.eu

Previously this was allowed, but the collation effectively vanished
into the ether because of the way lookup_collation() works: you could
not use the collation, nor even drop it.  Seems better to give an
error up front than to leave the user wondering why it doesn't work.

(Because this test is in DefineCollation not CreateCollation, it does
not prevent pg_import_system_collations from creating ICU collations,
regardless of the initially-chosen encoding.)

Per bug #17170 from Andrew Bille.  Back-patch to v10 where ICU support
was added.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17170-95845cf3f0a9c36d@postgresql.org

543f36b43d was too hasty in thinking that the volatility of date_bin()
had to match date_trunc(), since only the latter references
session_timezone.

Bump catversion

Per feedback from Aleksander Alekseev
Backpatch to v14, as the former commit was

Modern POSIX seems to require strtod() to accept "-NaN", but there's
nothing about NaN in SUSv2, and some of our oldest buildfarm members
don't like it.  Let's try writing it as -'NaN' instead; that seems
to produce the same result, at least on Intel hardware.

Per buildfarm.

We had a complaint that the postmaster fails to start if the invoking
program closes stdin.  That happens because count_usable_fds expects
to be able to dup(0), and if it can't, we conclude there are no free
FDs and go belly-up.  So far as I can find, though, there is no other
place in the server that touches stdin, and it's not unreasonable to
expect that a daemon wouldn't use that file.

As a simple improvement, let's dup FD 2 (stderr) instead.  Unlike stdin,
it *is* reasonable for us to expect that stderr be open; even if we are
configured not to touch it, common libraries such as libc might try to
write error messages there.

Per gripe from Mario Emmenlauer.  Given the lack of previous complaints,
I'm not excited about pushing this into stable branches, but it seems
OK to squeeze it into v14.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/48bafc63-c30f-3962-2ded-f2e985d93e86@emmenlauer.de

The IEEE 754 standard allows a wide variety of bit patterns for NaNs,
of which at least two ("NaN" and "-NaN") are pretty easy to produce
from SQL on most machines.  This is problematic because our btree
comparison functions deem all NaNs to be equal, but our float hash
functions know nothing about NaNs and will happily produce varying
hash codes for them.  That causes unexpected results from queries
that hash a column containing different NaN values.  It could also
produce unexpected lookup failures when using a hash index on a
float column, i.e. "WHERE x = 'NaN'" will not find all the rows
it should.

To fix, special-case NaN in the float hash functions, not too much
unlike the existing special case that forces zero and minus zero
to hash the same.  I arranged for the most vanilla sort of NaN
(that coming from the C99 NAN constant) to still have the same
hash code as before, to reduce the risk to existing hash indexes.

I dithered about whether to back-patch this into stable branches,
but ultimately decided to do so.  It's a clear improvement for
queries that hash internally.  If there is anybody who has -NaN
in a hash index, they'd be well advised to re-index after applying
this patch ... but the misbehavior if they don't will not be much
worse than the misbehavior they had before.

Per bug #17172 from Ma Liangzhu.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17172-7505bea9e04e230f@postgresql.org

This makes the documentation more accurate grammatically.

Author: Elena Indrupskaya
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1c994b3d-951e-59bb-1ac2-7b9221c0e4cf@postgrespro.ru
Backpatch-through: 9.6

Laurenz Albe, per gripe from Nathan Long.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/161953360822.695.15805897835151971142@wrigleys.postgresql.org

Until now, when defining extended statistics, everything except a plain
column reference was treated as complex expression. So for example "a"
was a column reference, but "(a)" would be an expression. In most cases
this does not matter much, but there were a couple strange consequences.
For example

    CREATE STATISTICS s ON a FROM t;

would fail, because extended stats require at least two columns. But

    CREATE STATISTICS s ON (a) FROM t;

would succeed, because that requirement does not apply to expressions.
Moreover, that statistics object is useless - the optimizer will always
use the regular statistics collected for attribute "a".

So do a bit more work to identify those expressions referencing a single
column, and translate them to a simple column reference. Backpatch to
14, where support for extended statistics on expressions was introduced.

Reported-by: Justin Pryzby
Backpatch-through: 14
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210816013255.GS10479%40telsasoft.com

When -C/--connect option is specified, pgbench establishes and closes
the connection for each transaction. In this case pgbench needs to
measure the times taken for all those connections and disconnections,
to include the average connection time in the benchmark result.
But previously pgbench could not measure those disconnection delays.
To fix the bug, this commit makes pgbench measure the disconnection
delays whenever the connection is closed at the end of transaction,
if -C/--connect option is specified.

Back-patch to v14. Per discussion, we concluded not to back-patch to v13
or before because changing that behavior in stable branches would
surprise users rather than providing benefits.

Author: Yugo Nagata
Reviewed-by: Fabien COELHO, Tatsuo Ishii, Asif Rehman, Fujii Masao
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210614151155.a393bc7d8fed183e38c9f52a@sraoss.co.jp

The check to test whether the subscription workers were restarting after a
change in the subscription was failing. The reason was that the test was
assuming the walsender started before it reaches the 'streaming' state and
the walsender was exiting due to an error before that. Now, the walsender
was erroring out before reaching the 'streaming' state because it tries to
acquire the slot before the previous walsender has exited.

In passing, improve the die messages so that it is easier to investigate
the failures in the future if any.

Reported-by: Michael Paquier, as per buildfarm
Author: Ajin Cherian
Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada, Amit Kapila
Backpatch-through: 10, where this test was introduced
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YRnhFxa9bo73wfpV@paquier.xyz

It doesn't make any sense to report this information, since VACUUM
VERBOSE reports on heap relation truncation directly.  This was an
oversight in commit 7ab96cf6, which made VACUUM VERBOSE output a little
more consistent with nearby autovacuum-specific log output.  Adjust
comments that describe how this is supposed to work in passing.

Also bring truncation-related VACUUM VERBOSE output in line with the
convention established for VACUUM VERBOSE output by commit f4f4a649.

Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
Backpatch: 14-, where VACUUM VERBOSE's output changed.

The code printing expressions for extended statistics doubled the
parens, producing results like ((a+1)), which is unnecessary and not
consistent with how we print expressions elsewhere.

Fixed by tweaking the code to produce just a single set of parens.

Reported by Mark Dilger, fix by me. Backpatch to 14, where support for
extended statistics on expressions was added.

Reported-by: Mark Dilger
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210122040101.GF27167%40telsasoft.com

Previously, it was immutable by lack of marking. This is not
correct, since the time zone could change.

Bump catversion

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAFBsxsG2UHk8mOWL0tca%3D_cg%2B_oA5mVRNLhDF0TBw980iOg5NQ%40mail.gmail.com
Backpatch to v14, when this function came in

For no particularly good reason, getPolicies() queried pg_policy
separately for each table.  We can collect all the policies in
a single query instead, and attach them to the correct TableInfo
objects using findTableByOid() lookups.  On the regression
database, this reduces the number of queries substantially, and
provides a visible savings even when running against a local
server.

Per complaint from Hubert Depesz Lubaczewski.  Since this is such
a simple fix and can have a visible performance benefit, back-patch
to all supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210826084430.GA26282@depesz.com

There's long been a "TODO: there might be some value in caching
the results" annotation on pg_dump's getFormattedTypeName function;
but we hadn't gotten around to checking what it was costing us to
repetitively look up type names.  It turns out that when dumping the
current regression database, about 10% of the total number of queries
issued are duplicative format_type() queries.  However, Hubert Depesz
Lubaczewski reported a not-unusual case where these account for over
half of the queries issued by pg_dump.  Individually these queries
aren't expensive, but when network lag is a factor, they add up to a
problem.  We can very easily add some caching to getFormattedTypeName
to solve it.

Since this is such a simple fix and can have a visible performance
benefit, back-patch to all supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210826084430.GA26282@depesz.com

Commit 5be8ce82e8 added a new role to the stats_ext regression suite,
but the role name did not start with regress_ causing failures when
running with ENFORCE_REGRESSION_TEST_NAME_RESTRICTIONS. Fixed by
renaming the role to start with the expected regress_ prefix.

Backpatch-through: 10, same as the new regression test
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1F238937-7CC2-4703-A1B1-6DC225B8978A%40enterprisedb.com

When an ownership check on extended statistics object failed, the code
was calling aclcheck_error_type to report the failure, which is clearly
wrong, resulting in cache lookup errors. Fix by calling aclcheck_error.

This issue exists since the introduction of extended statistics, so
backpatch all the way back to PostgreSQL 10. It went unnoticed because
there were no tests triggering the error, so add one.

Reported-by: Mark Dilger
Backpatch-through: 10, where extended stats were introduced
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1F238937-7CC2-4703-A1B1-6DC225B8978A%40enterprisedb.com

When starting to use a query parsetree loaded from the catalogs,
we must begin by applying AcquireRewriteLocks(), to obtain the same
relation locks that the parser would have gotten if the query were
entered interactively, and to do some other cleanup such as dealing
with later-dropped columns.  New-style SQL functions are just as
subject to this rule as other stored parsetrees; however, of the
places dealing with such functions, only init_sql_fcache had gotten
the memo.  In particular, if we successfully inlined a new-style
set-returning SQL function that contained any relation references,
we'd either get an assertion failure or attempt to use those
relation(s) sans locks.

I also added AcquireRewriteLocks calls to fmgr_sql_validator and
print_function_sqlbody.  Desultory experiments didn't demonstrate any
failures in those, but I suspect that I just didn't try hard enough.
Certainly we don't expect nearby code paths to operate without locks.

On the same logic of it-ought-to-have-the-same-effects-as-the-old-code,
call pg_rewrite_query() in fmgr_sql_validator, too.  It's possible
that neither code path there needs to bother with rewriting, but
doing the analysis to prove that is beyond my goals for today.

Per bug #17161 from Alexander Lakhin.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17161-048a1cdff8422800@postgresql.org

Most data-corruption reports mention the location of the problem, but
this one failed to.  Add it.

Backpatch all the way back.  In 12 and older, also assign the
ERRCODE_DATA_CORRUPTED error code as was done in commit fd6ec93b for
13 and later.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202108191637.oqyzrdtnheir@alvherre.pgsql

Per our message style guidelines, for human consumption we quote
qualified names as a whole rather than each part separately; but commits
bc085205 introduced a deviation for extended statistics and
a4d75c86 copied it.  I don't agree with this policy applying to
names shown by psql, but that's a poor reason to deviate from the
practice only in two obscure corners, so make said corners use the same
style as everywhere else.

Backpatch to 14.  The first of these is older, but I'm not sure we want
to destabilize the psql output in the older branches for such a small
thing.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210828181618.GS26465@telsasoft.com

Commit 547f04e7 changed pgbench so that it used the measurement result
of connection delays in its benchmark report only when -C/--connect option
is specified. But previously those delays were unnecessarily measured
even when that option is not specified. Which was a waste of cycles.
This commit improves pgbench so that it avoids such unnecessary measurement.

Back-patch to v14 where commit 547f04e7 first appeared.

Author: Yugo Nagata
Reviewed-by: Fabien COELHO, Asif Rehman, Fujii Masao
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210614151155.a393bc7d8fed183e38c9f52a@sraoss.co.jp

This contains all individuals mentioned in the commit messages during
PostgreSQL 14 development.

current through ed740b06

ERRCODE_CONFIGURATION_LIMIT_EXCEEDED was used for checksum failure, use
ERRCODE_DATA_CORRUPTED instead.

Reported-by: Tatsuhito Kasahara
Author: Tatsuhito Kasahara
Backpatch-through: 9.6, where it was introduced
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAP0=ZVLHtYffs8SOWcFJWrBGoRzT9QQbk+_aP+E5AHLNXiOorA@mail.gmail.com

In the long-going saga for analyze on partitioned tables, one thing I
missed while reverting 0827e8af is the maintenance of analyze count
and last analyze time for partitioned tables.  This is a mostly trivial
change that enables users assess the need for invoking manual ANALYZE on
partitioned tables.

This patch, posted by Justin and modified a bit by me (Álvaro), can be
mostly traced back to Hosoya-san, though any problems introduced with
the scissors are mine.

Backpatch to 14, in line with 6f8127b73901.
Co-authored-by: Yuzuko Hosoya <yuzukohosoya@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Justin Pryzby <pryzby@telsasoft.com>
Co-authored-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Reported-by: Justin Pryzby <pryzby@telsasoft.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210816222810.GE10479@telsasoft.com

Déjà vu of commit fc40ba1296a7, for another backslash command.
Strictly speaking this isn't a bug, but since all references to catalog
objects are schema-qualified, we might as well be consistent.  The
omission first appeared in commit ad600bba and replicated in
a4d75c86; backpatch to 14.

Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj@telsasoft.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210827193151.GN26465@telsasoft.com

Strictly speaking this isn't a bug, but since all references to catalog
objects are schema-qualified, we might as well be consistent.  The
omission first appeared in commit 1c5d9270, so backpatch to 12.

Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj@telsasoft.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210827193151.GN26465@telsasoft.com

If the system crashed between CREATE TABLESPACE and the next checkpoint,
the result could be some files in the tablespace unexpectedly containing
no rows.  Affected files would be those for which the system did not
write WAL; see the wal_skip_threshold documentation.  Before v13, a
different set of conditions governed the writing of WAL; see v12's
<sect2 id="populate-pitr">.  (The v12 conditions were broader in some
ways and narrower in others.)  Users may want to audit non-default
tablespaces for unexpected short files.  The bug could have truncated an
index without affecting the associated table, and reindexing the index
would fix that particular problem.

This fixes the bug by making create_tablespace_directories() more like
TablespaceCreateDbspace().  create_tablespace_directories() was
recursively removing tablespace contents, reasoning that WAL redo would
recreate everything removed that way.  That assumption holds for other
wal_level values.  Under wal_level=minimal, the old approach could
delete files for which no other copy existed.  Back-patch to 9.6 (all
supported versions).

Reviewed by Robert Haas and Prabhat Sahu.  Reported by Robert Haas.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoaLO9ncuwvr2nN-J4VEP5XyAcy=zKiHxQzBbFRxxGxm0w@mail.gmail.com

Somehow, spgist overlooked the need to call pgstat_count_index_scan().
Hence, pg_stat_all_indexes.idx_scan and equivalent columns never
became nonzero for an SP-GiST index, although the related per-tuple
counters worked fine.

This fix works a bit differently from other index AMs, in that the
counter increment occurs in spgrescan not spggettuple/spggetbitmap.
It looks like this won't make the user-visible semantics noticeably
different, so I won't go to the trouble of introducing an is-this-
the-first-call flag just to make the counter bumps happen in the
same places.

Per bug #17163 from Christian Quest.  Back-patch to all supported
versions.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17163-b8c5cc88322a5e92@postgresql.org

When prefetching pages for ANALYZE, we should be using
maintenance_io_concurrenty (by calling
get_tablespace_maintenance_io_concurrency(), not
get_tablespace_io_concurrency()).

ANALYZE prefetching was introduced in c6fc50cb, so back-patch to 14.

Backpatch-through: 14
Reported-By: Egor Rogov
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9beada99-34ce-8c95-fadb-451768d08c64%40postgrespro.ru