Add
- ALTER SYSTEM SET/RESET ... -> GUC variables
- ALTER TABLE ... SET WITH -> OIDS
- ALTER DATABASE/FUNCTION/ROLE/USER ... SET/RESET -> GUC variables
- ALTER DATABASE/FUNCTION/ROLE/USER ... SET ... -> FROM CURRENT/TO
- ALTER DATABASE/FUNCTION/ROLE/USER ... SET ... TO/= -> possible values

Author: Fujii Masao
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier, Masahiko Sawada

which is a preprocessor directive. This leads ecpg to incorrectly parse the comment as nested.

Author: Michael Paquier

Error reported by Igal Sapir.

The code that generates a complete SQL query for a given foreign relation
was repeated in two places, and they didn't quite agree: the EXPLAIN case
left out the locking clause.  Centralize the code so we get the same
behavior everywhere, and adjust calling conventions and which functions
are static vs. extern accordingly .  Centralize the code so we get the same
behavior everywhere, and adjust calling conventions and which functions
are static vs. extern accordingly.

Ashutosh Bapat, reviewed and slightly adjusted by me.

This is following in a long train of similar changes and for the same
reasons - see b319356f and
fe702a7b inter alia.

Author: Amit Kapila
Reviewed-by: Alexander Korotkov, Robert Haas

Previously, each PGPROC's backendLock was part of the main tranche,
and the PGPROC just contained a pointer.  Now, the actual LWLock is
part of the PGPROC.

As with previous, similar patches, this makes it significantly easier
to identify these lwlocks in LWLOCK_STATS or Trace_lwlocks output
and improves modularity.

Author: Ildus Kurbangaliev
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila, Robert Haas

This doesn't add any functionality but just shuffles things around so
that it can be reused and improved later.

Author: Fabien Coelho
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier, Álvaro Herrera

listForeignTables' invocation of processSQLNamePattern did not match up
with the other ones that handle potentially-schema-qualified names; it
failed to make use of pg_table_is_visible() and also passed the name
arguments in the wrong order.  Bug seems to have been aboriginal in commit
0d692a0d.  It accidentally sort of worked as long as you didn't
inquire too closely into the behavior, although the silliness was later
exposed by inconsistencies in the test queries added by 59efda3e
(which I probably should have questioned at the time, but didn't).

Per bug #13899 from Reece Hart.  Patch by Reece Hart and Tom Lane.
Back-patch to all affected branches.

Patch-by: Oleksandr Shulgin
Reviewed-by: Craig Ringer and Fujii Masao
Backpatch-through: 9.4 where logical decoding was introduced

The upcoming patch to allow join pushdown in postgres_fdw needs to use
this code multiple times, which requires moving it to deparse.c.  That
seems like a good idea anyway, so do that now both on general principle
and to simplify the future patch.

Inspired by a patch by Shigeru Hanada and Ashutosh Bapat, but I did
it a little differently than what that patch did.

Previously, the foreign join pushdown infrastructure left the question
of security entirely up to individual FDWs, but it would be easy for
a foreign data wrapper to inadvertently open up subtle security holes
that way.  So, make it the core code's job to determine which user
mapping OID is relevant, and don't attempt join pushdown unless it's
the same for all relevant relations.

Per a suggestion from Tom Lane.  Shigeru Hanada and Ashutosh Bapat,
reviewed by Etsuro Fujita and KaiGai Kohei, with some further
changes by me.

This fix accidentally got left out of the previous commit.

Previously, postgres_fdw's connection cache was keyed by user OID and
server OID, but this can lead to multiple connections when it's not
really necessary.  In particular, if all relevant users are mapped to
the public user mapping, then their connection options are certainly
the same, so one connection can be used for all of them.

While we're cleaning things up here, drop the "server" argument to
GetConnection(), which isn't really needed.  This saves a few cycles
because callers no longer have to look this up; the function itself
does, but only when establishing a new connection, not when reusing
an existing one.

Ashutosh Bapat, with a few small changes by me.

Patch-by: Filip Rembiałkowski
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas
Backpatch-through: 9.5

The documentation mentioned contrib/ but the module was moved to
src/test/modules/ by commit 22dfd116 of 9.5 era.

Problem pointed out by Dickson Guedes in bug #13896
Backpatch-to: 9.5.

overriden -> overridden

The misspelling in create_extension.sgml was introduced in b67aaf21,
so no need to backpatch.

This function cleans up the pending list of the GIN index by
moving entries in it to the main GIN data structure in bulk.
It returns the number of pages cleaned up from the pending list.

This function is useful, for example, when the pending list
needs to be cleaned up *quickly* to improve the performance of
the search using GIN index. VACUUM can do the same thing, too,
but it may take days to run on a large table.

Jeff Janes,
reviewed by Julien Rouhaud, Jaime Casanova, Alvaro Herrera and me.

Discussion: CAMkU=1x8zFkpfnozXyt40zmR3Ub_kHu58LtRmwHUKRgQss7=iQ@mail.gmail.com

Per off-list discussion with Tom Lane and Michael Paquier, Coverity
gets unhappy if this is not done.

Fixes a defect in commit a7de3dc5.

David Rowley, per report from Jeff Janes, who also checked that the
fix works.

pg_size_pretty function should be marked immutable rather than volatile
because it always returns the same result given the same argument.

Pavel Stehule

Previously, it was possible to specify one or several custom scripts to
run, or only one of the builtin scripts.  With this patch it is also
possible to specify to run the builtin scripts multiple times, using the
new -b option.  Also, unify the code for both cases; this eases future
pgbench improvements.

Author: Fabien Coelho
Review: Michaël Paquier, Álvaro Herrera

pgindent for recent commits; also change some variables from int to
boolean, which is how they are really used.

Mostly submitted by Fabien Coelho; this is in preparation to commit
further patches to the file.

We entirely randomly chose to initialize port->remote_host just after
printing the log_connections message, when we could perfectly well do it
just before, allowing %h and %r to work for that message.  Per gripe from
Artem Tomyuk.

The original coding was quite fast so long as objects were always
released in reverse order of addition; otherwise, it degenerated into
O(N^2) behavior due to searching for the array element to delete.
Improve matters by switching to hashed storage when the number of
objects of a given type exceeds 64.  (The cutover point is open to
discussion, of course, but some simple performance testing suggests
that hashing has enough overhead to be a loser below there.)

Also, refactor resowner.c so that we don't need N copies of the array
management code.  Since all the resource IDs the code currently needs
to deal with are either pointers or integers, it seems sufficient to
create a one-size-fits-all infrastructure in which everything is
converted to a Datum for storage.

Aleksander Alekseev, reviewed by Stas Kelvich, further fixes by me

Masahiko Sawada, Fujii Masao, Kevin Grittner

This reverts commit efc1610b.
The commit was plain wrong as pointed out in:
http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/27771.1448736909@sss.pgh.pa.us

We use Share lock because it is safe to do so.

Buildfarm member cockatiel is still saying that cosd(60) isn't 0.5.
What seems likely is that the subexpression (1.0 - cos(x)) isn't being
rounded to double width before more arithmetic is done on it, so force
that by storing it into a variable.

Indeed, the non-static declaration foreseen in my previous commit message
is necessary.  Per Noah Misch.

The last round didn't do it.  Per Noah Misch, the problem on at least
some machines is that the compiler pre-evaluates trig functions having
constant arguments using code slightly different from what will be used
at runtime.  Therefore, we must prevent the compiler from seeing constant
arguments to any of the libm trig functions used in this code.

The method used here might still fail if init_degree_constants() gets
inlined into the call sites.  That probably won't happen given the large
number of call sites; but if it does, we could probably fix it by making
init_degree_constants() non-static.  I'll avoid that till proven
necessary, though.

The buildfarm isn't very happy with the results of commit e1bd684a.
To try to get the expected exact results everywhere:

* Replace M_PI / 180 subexpressions with a precomputed constant, so that
the compiler can't decide to rearrange that division with an adjacent
operation.  Hopefully this will fix failures to get exactly 0.5 from
sind(30) and cosd(60).

* Add scaling to ensure that tand(45) and cotd(45) give exactly 1; there
was nothing particularly guaranteeing that before.

* Replace minus zero by zero when tand() or cotd() would output that;
many machines did so for tand(180) and cotd(270), but not all.  We could
alternatively deem both results valid, but that doesn't seem likely to
be what users will want.

Add
- ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER -> RENAME TO
- ALTER SERVER -> RENAME TO
- ALTER SERVER ... VERSION ... -> OPTIONS
- CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER -> OPTIONS
- CREATE SERVER -> OPTIONS
- CREATE|ALTER USER MAPPING -> OPTIONS

From: Andreas Karlsson <andreas@proxel.se>

The original code was adding double quotes to an already-quoted
identifier, leading to nonsensical results.  Remove the quoting call.

I introduced the broken code in 7eca575d of 9.5 era, so backpatch to
9.5.

Report and patch by Elvis Pranskevichus
Reviewed by Michael Paquier

The implementations go to some lengths to deliver exact results for values
where an exact result can be expected, such as sind(30) = 0.5 exactly.

Dean Rasheed, reviewed by Michael Paquier

Ensure that the trig functions return NaN for NaN input regardless of what
the underlying C library functions might do.  Also ensure that an error
is thrown for Inf (or otherwise out-of-range) input, except for atan/atan2
which should accept it.

All these behaviors should now conform to the POSIX spec; previously, all
our popular platforms deviated from that in one case or another.

The main remaining platform dependency here is whether the C library might
choose to throw a domain error for sin/cos/tan inputs that are large but
less than infinity.  (Doing so is not unreasonable, since once a single
unit-in-the-last-place exceeds PI, there can be no significance at all in
the result; however there doesn't seem to be any suggestion in POSIX that
such an error is allowed.)  We will report such errors if they are reported
via "errno", but not if they are reported via "fetestexcept" which is the
other mechanism sanctioned by POSIX.  Some preliminary experiments with
fetestexcept indicated that it might also report errors we could do
without, such as complaining about underflow at an unreasonably large
threshold.  So let's skip that complexity for now.

Dean Rasheed, reviewed by Michael Paquier

Fix chars-vs-bytes confusion here too.  Improve poor grammar and
markup.

Commit e529cd4f introduced an Assert requiring NAMEDATALEN to be
less than MAX_LEVENSHTEIN_STRLEN, which has been 255 for a long time.
Since up to that instant we had always allowed NAMEDATALEN to be
substantially more than that, this was ill-advised.

It's debatable whether we need MAX_LEVENSHTEIN_STRLEN at all (versus
putting a CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS into the loop), or whether it has to be
so tight; but this patch takes the narrower approach of just not applying
the MAX_LEVENSHTEIN_STRLEN limit to calls from the parser.

Trusting the parser for this seems reasonable, first because the strings
are limited to NAMEDATALEN which is unlikely to be hugely more than 256,
and second because the maximum distance is tightly constrained by
MAX_FUZZY_DISTANCE (though we'd forgotten to make use of that limit in one
place).  That means the cost is not really O(mn) but more like O(max(m,n)).

Relaxing the limit for user-supplied calls is left for future research;
given the lack of complaints to date, it doesn't seem very high priority.

In passing, fix confusion between lengths-in-bytes and lengths-in-chars
in comments and error messages.

Per gripe from Kevin Day; solution suggested by Robert Haas.  Back-patch
to 9.5 where the unwanted restriction was introduced.