Test coverage support now covers the entire source tree, including
contrib, instead of just src/backend.  In a related but independent
development, the commands make coverage and make coverage-html can be run
in any directory.

This turned out to be much easier than feared.  Besides a few ad hoc fixes
to pass the make target down the tree, change all affected makefiles to
list their directories in the SUBDIRS variable, changed from variants like
DIRS and WANTED_DIRS.  MSVC build fix was attempted as well.

when we reach the post-COPY "pump it dry" error recovery code that was added
2006-11-24.  Per a report from Neil Best, there is at least one code path
in which this occurs, leading to an infinite loop in code that's supposed
to be making it more robust not less so.  A reasonable response seems to be
to call PQputCopyEnd() again, so let's try that.

Back-patch to all versions that contain the cleanup loop.

appears to explain the recent reports of "PANIC: cannot make new WAL entries
during recovery".

Noticed by Itagaki Takahiro.

Main problem found by Muhammad Aqeel, some cosmetic additions by me.

based on a patch send in by Böszörményi Zoltán <zb@cybertec.at>.

if a smart shutdown is already in progress. Backpatch to 8.3, this was broken
in the patch that introduced "dead-end backends".

Per report by Itagaki Takahiro, patch by Fujii Masao.

by supporting conversions in places that used to demand exact rowtype match.

Since this issue is certain to come up elsewhere (in fact, already has,
in ExecEvalConvertRowtype), factor out the support code into new core
functions for tuple conversion.  I chose to put these in a new source
file since heaptuple.c is already overly long.

Heavily revised version of a patch by Pavel Stehule.

backend startup on Win32. Instead, log the error and just forget about
the potentially dangling process, since we can't do anything about it anyway.

This patch adds declaration so that they end up in section 3, and adds
them to the Makefiles to install them.

Also, some synopses needed reflowing so that they look nice in 80-column
terminals.

Sergey Karpov

fsync() fails, say "file" rather than "relation" when printing the filename.

This makes messages that display block numbers a bit confusing. For example,
in message 'could not read block 150000 of file "base/1234/5678.1"', 150000
is the block number from the beginning of the relation, ie. segment 0, not
150000th block within that segment. Per discussion, users aren't usually
interested in the exact location within the file, so we can live with that.

To ease constructing error messages, add FilePathName(File) function to
return the pathname of a virtual fd.

Adds the ability to retrieve async notifications using dblink,
via the addition of the function dblink_get_notify(). Original patch
by Marcus Kempe, suggestions by Tom Lane and Alvaro Herrera, patch
review and adjustments by Joe Conway.

This switches the man page building process to use the DocBook XSL stylesheet
toolchain.  The previous targets for Docbook2X are removed. configure has been
updated to look for the new tools.  The Documentation appendix contains the
new build instructions.  There are also a few isolated tweaks in the
documentation to improve places that came out strangely in the man pages.

The previous implementation got it right in most cases but failed in one:
if you pg_dump into an archive with standard_conforming_strings enabled, then
pg_restore to a script file (not directly to a database), the script will set
standard_conforming_strings = on but then emit large object data as
nonstandardly-escaped strings.

At the moment the code is made to emit hex-format bytea strings when dumping
to a script file.  We might want to change to old-style escaping for backwards
compatibility, but that would be slower and bulkier.  If we do, it's just a
matter of reimplementing appendByteaLiteral().

This has been broken for a long time, but given the lack of field complaints
I'm not going to worry about back-patching.

source files that need it.

run when built with --with-openssl).

Add bytea.h inclusions as needed.  Some of the contrib regression tests
need to be de-hexified, too.  Per buildfarm.

to a server >= 8.5.  Per my proposal in discussion of hex-format patch.

Both hex format and the traditional "escape" format are automatically
handled on input.  The output format is selected by the new GUC variable
bytea_output.

As committed, bytea_output defaults to HEX, which is an *incompatible
change*.  We will keep it this way for awhile for testing purposes, but
should consider whether to switch to the more backwards-compatible
default of ESCAPE before 8.5 is released.

Peter Eisentraut

already treating it as text anyway, to the point that I couldn't find anything
to change except the datatype markings in catalog/*.h.  The only effect that
the bytea declaration had was to cause byteaout() to be invoked when pg_dump
(or another client program) inspected the column value.  Since pg_dump wasn't
expecting that, but just treating what it got as text, the net result is that
dump and reload would mangle any backslashes or non-ASCII characters in the
filename string for a C-language function.  That is a very long-standing bug,
but given the lack of field complaints it doesn't seem worth trying to find
a back-patchable fix.  We'll just make this change to fix it going forward.

This change will also forestall problems after the planned change to let bytea
emit hex output instead of escaped characters.

Add family of functions that did not exist earlier,
mainly due to historical omission. Original patch by
Abhijit Menon-Sen, with review and modifications by
Joe Conway. catversion.h bumped.

reviewed by Greg Smith and Josh Williams.

Following is the proposal from ITAGAKI Takahiro:

Pgbench is a famous tool to measure postgres performance, but nowadays
it does not work well because it cannot use multiple CPUs. On the other
hand, postgres server can use CPUs very well, so the bottle-neck of
workload is *in pgbench*.

Multi-threading would be a solution. The attached patch adds -j
(number of jobs) option to pgbench. If the value N is greater than 1,
pgbench runs with N threads. Connections are equally-divided into
them (ex. -c64 -j4 => 4 threads with 16 connections each). It can
run on POSIX platforms with pthread and on Windows with win32 threads.

Here are results of multi-threaded pgbench runs on Fedora 11 with intel
core i7 (8 logical cores = 4 physical cores * HT). -j8 (8 threads) was
the best and the tps is 4.5 times of -j1, that is a traditional result.

$ pgbench -i -s10
$ pgbench -n -S -c64 -j1   =>  tps = 11600.158593
$ pgbench -n -S -c64 -j2   =>  tps = 17947.100954
$ pgbench -n -S -c64 -j4   =>  tps = 26571.124001
$ pgbench -n -S -c64 -j8   =>  tps = 52725.470403
$ pgbench -n -S -c64 -j16  =>  tps = 38976.675319
$ pgbench -n -S -c64 -j32  =>  tps = 28998.499601
$ pgbench -n -S -c64 -j64  =>  tps = 26701.877815

Is it acceptable to use pthread in contrib module?
If ok, I will add the patch to the next commitfest.

Robert Haas

build failures, too.  Refactor a bit more since that error message isn't
spelled the same.

values being complained of.

In passing, also remove the arbitrary length limitation in the similar
error detail message for foreign key violations.

Itagaki Takahiro

This patch gets us out from under the Unix limitation of two user-defined
signal types.  We already had done something similar for signals directed to
the postmaster process; this adds multiplexing for signals directed to
backends and auxiliary processes (so long as they're connected to shared
memory).

As proof of concept, replace the former usage of SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2
for backends with use of the multiplexing mechanism.  There are still some
hard-wired definitions of SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for other process types,
but getting rid of those doesn't seem interesting at the moment.

Fujii Masao

header files.

Josh Williams

This was foreseen to be a good idea long ago, but nobody had got round
to doing it.  The recent patch for deferred unique constraints made
transformConstraintAttrs() ugly enough that I decided it was time.
This change will also greatly simplify parsing of deferred CHECK constraints,
if anyone ever gets around to implementing that.

While at it, add a location field to Constraint, and use that to provide
an error cursor for some of the constraint-related error messages.

include a fractional part in the output for MILLISECOND and SECOND cases,
rather than truncating the source value.  This is what the float-timestamp
code has always done, and it was clearly the code author's intent to do
the same for integer timestamps, but he forgot about integer division in C.
The other datatypes supported by EXTRACT() already do this correctly.

Backpatch to 8.4, so that the default (integer) behavior of that branch will
match the default (float) behavior of older branches.  Arguably we should
patch further back, but it's possible that applications are expecting the
broken behavior in older branches.  8.4 is new enough that expectations
shouldn't be too settled.

Per report from Greg Stark.

The current implementation fires an AFTER ROW trigger for each tuple that
looks like it might be non-unique according to the index contents at the
time of insertion.  This works well as long as there aren't many conflicts,
but won't scale to massive unique-key reassignments.  Improving that case
is a TODO item.

Dean Rasheed

we should ignore NULL array entries, not non-NULL ones.  This had the
effect of disabling commit_delay, and could have caused a crash in the
rare race condition the patch was intended to fix.

Bug report and diagnosis by Jeff Janes, in bug #4952.

 Aaron Marcuse-Kubitza <aaronmk@blackducksoftware.com>

conindid is the index supporting a constraint.  We can use this not only for
unique/primary-key constraints, but also foreign-key constraints, which
depend on the unique index that constrains the referenced columns.
tgconstrindid is just copied from the constraint's conindid field, or is
zero for triggers not associated with constraints.

This is mainly intended as infrastructure for upcoming patches, but it has
some virtue in itself, since it exposes a relationship that you formerly
had to grovel in pg_depend to determine.  I simplified one information_schema
view accordingly.  (There is a pg_dump query that could also use conindid,
but I left it alone because it wasn't clear it'd get any faster.)