gcc 4.8 was happy with having a duplicate typedef, but most compilers seem not
to be, per buildfarm.

GIN posting lists are now encoded using varbyte-encoding, which allows them
to fit in much smaller space than the straight ItemPointer array format used
before. The new encoding is used for both the lists stored in-line in entry
tree items, and in posting tree leaf pages.

To maintain backwards-compatibility and keep pg_upgrade working, the code
can still read old-style pages and tuples. Posting tree leaf pages in the
new format are flagged with GIN_COMPRESSED flag, to distinguish old and new
format pages. Likewise, entry tree tuples in the new format have a
GIN_ITUP_COMPRESSED flag set in a bit that was previously unused.

This patch bumps GIN_CURRENT_VERSION from 1 to 2. New indexes created with
version 9.4 will therefore have version number 2 in the metapage, while old
pg_upgraded indexes will have version 1. The code treats them the same, but
it might be come handy in the future, if we want to drop support for the
uncompressed format.

Alexander Korotkov and me. Reviewed by Tomas Vondra and Amit Langote.

This will help in preparation of clean patches for upcoming
json work.

A while back, 2c92edad allowed
type_func_name_keywords to be used in more places, including role
identifiers.  Unfortunately, that commit missed out on cases where
name_list was used for lists-of-roles, eg: for DROP ROLE.  This
resulted in the unfortunate situation that you could CREATE a role
with a type_func_name_keywords-allowed identifier, but not DROP it
(directly- ALTER could be used to rename it to something which
could be DROP'd).

This extends allowing type_func_name_keywords to places where role
lists can be used.

Back-patch to 9.0, as 2c92edad was.

All these constructs generate parse trees consisting of a Const and
a run-time type coercion (perhaps a FuncExpr or a CoerceViaIO).  Modify
the raw parse output so that we end up with the original token's location
attached to the type coercion node while the Const has location -1;
before, it was the other way around.  This makes no difference in terms
of what exprLocation() will say about the parse tree as a whole, so it
should not have any user-visible impact.  The point of changing it is that
we do not want contrib/pg_stat_statements to treat these constructs as
replaceable constants.  It will do the right thing if the Const has
location -1 rather than a valid location.

This is a pretty ugly hack, but then this code is ugly already; we should
someday replace this translation with special-purpose parse node(s) that
would allow ruleutils.c to reconstruct the original query text.

(See also commit 5d3fcc4c, which also
hacked location assignment rules for the benefit of pg_stat_statements.)

Back-patch to 9.2 where pg_stat_statements grew the ability to recognize
replaceable constants.

Kyotaro Horiguchi

Unlike our other array functions, this considers the total number of
elements across all dimensions, and returns 0 rather than NULL when the
array has no elements.  But it seems that both of those behaviors are
almost universally disliked, so hopefully that's OK.

Marko Tiikkaja, reviewed by Dean Rasheed and Pavel Stehule

Commit a5bca4ef accidentally changed
the semantics when the "skipping missing configuration file" is
emitted, because it forced OK to true instead of leaving the value
untouched.

Spotted by Tom Lane.

There's no apparent way to trigger this, so I'm not going to worry
about back-patching it for now.  But it's still wrong.

Marti Raudsepp

Commit 138184ad plugged some but not
all of the leaks from commit 2a0c81a1.
This tightens things up some more.

Amit Kapila, per an observation by Tom Lane

This is so that auto_explain can use it.

Kyotaro HORIGUCHI

Commit 91484409 should have removed this
file, not just reduced it to zero size.

When there are consecutive spaces (or other non-format-code characters) in
the format, we should advance over exactly that many characters of input.
The previous coding mistakenly did a "skip whitespace" action between such
characters, possibly allowing more input to be skipped than the user
intended.  We only need to skip whitespace just before an actual field.

This is really a bug fix, but given the minimal number of field complaints
and the risk of breaking applications coded to expect the old behavior,
let's not back-patch it.

Jeevan Chalke

Sawada Masahiko

Previously the presence of a nextval() prevented the
use of batch-mode COPY.  This patch introduces a
special case just for nextval() functions. In future
we will introduce a general case solution for
labelling volatile functions as safe for use.

In the MSVC build system we've never separated krb5 from gss,
and always built them both. Since the removal of native krb5
support, this parameter only controls GSSAPI, so rename it
accordingly.

krb5 has been deprecated since 8.3, and the recommended way to do
Kerberos authentication is using the GSSAPI authentication method
(which is still fully supported).

libpq retains the ability to identify krb5 authentication, but only
gives an error message about it being unsupported. Since all authentication
is initiated from the backend, there is no need to keep it at all
in the backend.

Suggested by Tom

Tablespaces have a few options which can be set on them to give PG hints
as to how the tablespace behaves (perhaps it's faster for sequential
scans, or better able to handle random access, etc).  These options were
only available through the ALTER TABLESPACE command.

This adds the ability to set these options at CREATE TABLESPACE time,
removing the need to do both a CREATE TABLESPACE and ALTER TABLESPACE to
get the correct options set on the tablespace.

Vik Fearing, reviewed by Michael Paquier.

Historically, VACUUM has just reported its new_rel_tuples estimate
(the same thing it puts into pg_class.reltuples) to the stats collector.
That number counts both live and dead-but-not-yet-reclaimable tuples.
This behavior may once have been right, but modern versions of the
pgstats code track live and dead tuple counts separately, so putting
the total into n_live_tuples and zero into n_dead_tuples is surely
pretty bogus.  Fix it to report live and dead tuple counts separately.

This doesn't really do much for situations where updating transactions
commit concurrently with a VACUUM scan (possibly causing double-counting or
omission of the tuples they add or delete); but it's clearly an improvement
over what we were doing before.

Hari Babu, reviewed by Amit Kapila

This adds a 'MOVE' sub-command to ALTER TABLESPACE which allows moving sets of
objects from one tablespace to another.  This can be extremely handy and avoids
a lot of error-prone scripting.  ALTER TABLESPACE ... MOVE will only move
objects the user owns, will notify the user if no objects were found, and can
be used to move ALL objects or specific types of objects (TABLES, INDEXES, or
MATERIALIZED VIEWS).

We've always allowed CREATE TABLE to create tables in the database's default
tablespace without checking for CREATE permissions on that tablespace.
Unfortunately, the original implementation of ALTER TABLE ... SET TABLESPACE
didn't pick up on that exception.

This changes ALTER TABLE ... SET TABLESPACE to allow the database's default
tablespace without checking for CREATE rights on that tablespace, just as
CREATE TABLE works today.  Users could always do this through a series of
commands (CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT * FROM ...; DROP TABLE ...; etc), so
let's fix the oversight in SET TABLESPACE's original implementation.

These changes should generally improve correctness/maintainability.
A nice side benefit is that several kilobytes move from initialized
data to text segment, allowing them to be shared across processes and
probably reducing copy-on-write overhead while forking a new backend.
Unfortunately this doesn't seem to help libpq in the same way (at least
not when it's compiled with -fpic on x86_64), but we can hope the linker
at least collects all nominally-const data together even if it's not
actually part of the text segment.

Also, make pg_encname_tbl[] static in encnames.c, since there seems
no very good reason for any other code to use it; per a suggestion
from Wim Lewis, who independently submitted a patch that was mostly
a subset of this one.

Oskari Saarenmaa, with some editorialization by me

Patch from Amit Kapila.

The psql Makefile was not creating $(datadir) before installing
psqlrc.sample there.

In most cases, the directory would be created in some other way, but for
the documented from-source client-only installation procedure, it could
fail.
Reported-by: Mike Blackwell <mike.blackwell@rrd.com>

Static-ify some functions that didn't need to be exported, and improve
a couple of comments.

Gurjeet Singh

This function provides a way of generating version 4 (pseudorandom) UUIDs
based on pgcrypto's PRNG.  The main reason for doing this is that the
OSSP UUID library depended on by contrib/uuid-ossp is becoming more and
more of a porting headache, so we need an alternative for people who can't
install that.  A nice side benefit though is that this implementation is
noticeably faster than uuid-ossp's uuid_generate_v4() function.

Oskari Saarenmaa, reviewed by Emre Hasegeli

Per buildfarm currawong and grip from David Rowley.

David Rowley.

Expand the messages when log_connections is enabled to include the
fact that SSL is used and the SSL cipher information.

Dr. Andreas Kunert, review by Marko Kreen

_WIN32 is set by the compiler, whereas our code uses WIN32 that is
normally set through our build system. To make it possible to build
extensions out of tree we cannot rely on that, so set the WIN32
symbol explicitly whenever the compiler has set _WIN32.

Not setting this symbol causes double inclusion of pg_config_os.h,
and possibly other errors as well.

Craig Ringer

If --progress=2148 or higher was given, the calculation of the next time
to report overflowed, and pgbench would print a progress report very
frequently.

Kingter Wang

Commit 6f60fdd7 accidentally removed a
call to XLogWalRcvSendHSFeedback() after flushing received WAL to disk.
The consequence is that when walsender is busy streaming WAL, it doesn't
send HS feedback messages. One is sent if nothing is received from the
master for 100ms, but if there's a steady stream of WAL, it never happens.

Backpatch to 9.3.

Andres Freund and Amit Kapila

Split the rather long ecpg_execute() function into ecpg_build_params(),
ecpg_autostart_transaction(), a smaller ecpg_execute() and
ecpg_process_output().  There is no user-visible change here, only code
reorganization to support future patches.

Author: Zoltán Böszörményi

Reviewed by Antonin Houska.  Larger, older versions of this patch were
reviewed by Noah Misch and Michael Meskes.

The + modifier of \do didn't use to do anything, but now it adds an oprcode
column.  This is useful both as an additional form of documentation of what
the operator does, and to save a step when finding out properties of the
underlying function.

Marko Tiikkaja, reviewed by Rushabh Lathia, adjusted a bit by me

This splits ECPGdo() into ecpg_prologue(), ecpg_do() and
ecpg_epilogue(), and renames free_params() into ecpg_free_params() and
exports it.  This makes it possible for future code to use these
routines for their own purposes.

There is no user-visible functionality change here, only code
reorganization.

Zoltán Böszörményi

Reviewed by Antonin Houska.  Larger, older versions of this patch were
reviewed by Noah Misch and Michael Meskes.

Coverity is complaining that the value returned by pg_strtok in
READ_LOCATION_FIELD and READ_BITMAPSET_FIELD macros is not used. In commit
39bfc94c, we did this to the other macros
to placate compilers that complained when the variable was completely
unused, this extends that to the last remaining macros.