1. Use new dropdb --if-exists option, to avoid alarming the user if
   the database being dropped doesn't already exist.
2. Bail out if createdb fails.
3. exit 1 if the checks fail.
4. Make it executable.

Josh Kupershmidt, with some kibitzing by me.

KaiGai Kohei

Don't test whether the number of labels is numerically equal to zero;
count(*) isn't going return zero anyway, and the current coding blows
up if it returns an empty string or an error.

builfarm member.

on Windows. ecpglib doesn't link with libpgport, but picks and compiles
the .c files it needs individually. To cope with that, move the setlocale()
wrapper from chklocale.c to a separate setlocale.c file, and include that
in ecpglib.

dots. I previously worked around this in initdb, mapping the known
problematic locale names to aliases that work, but Hiroshi Inoue pointed
out that that's not enough because even if you use one of the aliases, like
"Chinese_HKG", setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL) returns back the long form, ie.
"Chinese_Hong Kong S.A.R.". When we try to restore an old locale value by
passing that value back to setlocale(), it fails. Note that you are affected
by this bug also if you use one of those short-form names manually, so just
reverting the hack in initdb won't fix it.

To work around that, move the locale name mapping from initdb to a wrapper
around setlocale(), so that the mapping is invoked on every setlocale() call.

Also, add a few checks for failed setlocale() calls in the backend. These
calls shouldn't fail, and if they do there isn't much we can do about it,
but at least you'll get a warning.

Backpatch to 9.1, where the initdb hack was introduced. The Windows bug
affects older versions too if you set locale manually to one of the aliases,
but given the lack of complaints from the field, I'm hesitent to backpatch.

ifdef block. It has nothing to do with whether the replacement snprintf
function is used. It caused no live bug, because the replacement snprintf
function is always used on Win32, but it was nevertheless misplaced.

Examination of examples provided by Mark Kirkwood and others has convinced
me that actually commit 7f3eba30 was quite
a few bricks shy of a load.  The useful part of that patch was clamping
ndistinct for the inner side of a semi or anti join, and the reason why
that's needed is that it's the only way that restriction clauses
eliminating rows from the inner relation can affect the estimated size of
the join result.  I had not clearly understood why the clamping was
appropriate, and so mis-extrapolated to conclude that we should clamp
ndistinct for the outer side too, as well as for both sides of regular
joins.  These latter actions were all wrong, and are reverted with this
patch.  In addition, the clamping logic is now made to affect the behavior
of both paths in eqjoinsel_semi, with or without MCV lists to compare.
When we have MCVs, we suppose that the most common values are the ones
that are most likely to survive the decimation resulting from a lower
restriction clause, so we think of the clamping as eliminating non-MCV
values, or potentially even the least-common MCVs for the inner relation.

Back-patch to 8.4, same as previous fixes in this area.

This fixes a pg_upgrade bug that could lead to query errors when
clog files are improperly removed.

Backpatch to 8.4, 9.0, 9.1.

This patch fixes an oversight in my commit
7f3eba30 of 2008-10-23.  That patch
accounted for baserel restriction clauses that reduced the number of rows
coming out of a table (and hence the number of possibly-distinct values of
a join variable), but not for join restriction clauses that might have been
applied at a lower level of join.  To account for the latter, look up the
sizes of the min_lefthand and min_righthand inputs of the current join,
and clamp with those in the same way as for the base relations.

Noted while investigating a complaint from Ben Chobot, although this in
itself doesn't seem to explain his report.

Back-patch to 8.4; previous versions used different estimation methods
for which this heuristic isn't relevant.

lowercase earlier, but documentation was not updated. Update the docs.

Fujii Masao

There's no reason for this test to use the undocumented pg_prepared_xact()
function, when it can use the stable API pg_prepared_xacts instead.
Fixes breakage against 8.3, as reported by Justin Arnold.

It is possible for VACUUM to scan no pages at all, if the visibility map
shows that all pages are all-visible.  In this situation VACUUM has no new
information to report about the relation's tuple density, so it wasn't
changing pg_class.reltuples ... but it updated pg_class.relpages anyway.
That's wrong in general, since there is no evidence to justify changing the
density ratio reltuples/relpages, but it's particularly bad if the previous
state was relpages=reltuples=0, which means "unknown tuple density".
We just replaced "unknown" with "zero".  ANALYZE would eventually recover
from this, but it could take a lot of repetitions of ANALYZE to do so if
the relation size is much larger than the maximum number of pages ANALYZE
will scan, because of the moving-average behavior introduced by commit
b4b6923e.

The only known situation where we could have relpages=reltuples=0 and yet
the visibility map asserts everything's visible is immediately following
a pg_upgrade.  It might be advisable for pg_upgrade to try to preserve the
relpages/reltuples statistics; but in any case this code is wrong on its
own terms, so fix it.  Per report from Sergey Koposov.

Back-patch to 8.4, where the visibility map was introduced, same as the
previous change.

Put options listing in a less random order, fix capitalization, and
some typos.

Josh Kupershmidt

Josh Kupershmidt, with some further editing by me.

Per recent discussion, following a report from Quan Zongliang.
The same logic is used as in pgbison.pl.

Previously, 'yesterday 04:00:00'::timestamp didn't do the same thing as
'04:00:00 yesterday'::timestamp, and the return value from the latter
was midnight rather than the specified time.

Dean Rasheed, with some stylistic changes

Some of the ASCII art expected 8-space tab stops, and some of it
expected 4-space tab stops.

Per report from YAMAMOTO Takashi.

Per bug #6181 from Itagaki Takahiro.  Also do some marginal code cleanup
and improve error handling.

Per my testing, this works just as well with gcc as it does with HP's
compiler; and there is no reason to think that the effect doesn't occur
with icc, either.

Also, rewrite the header comment about enforcing sequencing around spinlock
operations, per Robert's gripe that it was misleading.

At least on this architecture, it's very important to spin on a
non-atomic instruction and only retry the atomic once it appears
that it will succeed.  To fix this, split TAS() into two macros:
TAS(), for trying to grab the lock the first time, and TAS_SPIN(),
for spinning until we get it.  TAS_SPIN() defaults to same as TAS(),
but we can override it when we know there's a better way.

It's likely that some of the other cases in s_lock.h require
similar treatment, but this is the only one we've got conclusive
evidence for at present.

On closer inspection, whining in restore_toc_entries_parallel is really
much too late for any user-facing error case.  The right place to do it
is at the start of RestoreArchive(), before we've done anything interesting
(suh as trying to DROP all the targets ...)

Back-patch to 8.4, where parallel restore was introduced.

If we are unable to do a parallel restore because the input file is stdin
or is otherwise unseekable, we should complain and fail immediately, not
after having done some of the restore.  Complaining once per thread isn't
so cool either, and the messages should be worded to make it clear this is
an unsupported case not some weird race-condition bug.  Per complaint from
Lonni Friedman.

Back-patch to 8.4, where parallel restore was introduced.

Without this, it's not very easy to tell which compiler version a buildfarm
animal is actually using at the moment.

their own.

Avoid compile problems with defines being redefined after the removal of
the #if blocks.

Change script to use shell functions for simplicity.

These days, such a response is far more likely to signify a server-side
problem, such as fork failure.  Reporting "server does not support SSL"
(in sslmode=require) could be quite misleading.  But the results could
be even worse in sslmode=prefer: if the problem was transient and the
next connection attempt succeeds, we'll have silently fallen back to
protocol version 2.0, possibly disabling features the user needs.

Hence, it seems best to just eliminate the assumption that backing off
to non-SSL/2.0 protocol is the way to recover from an "E" response, and
instead treat the server error the same as we would in non-SSL cases.

I tested this change against a pre-7.0 server, and found that there
was a second logic bug in the "prefer" path: the test to decide whether
to make a fallback connection attempt assumed that we must have opened
conn->ssl, which in fact does not happen given an "E" response.  After
fixing that, the code does indeed connect successfully to pre-7.0,
as long as you didn't set sslmode=require.  (If you did, you get
"Unsupported frontend protocol", which isn't completely off base
given the server certainly doesn't support SSL.)

Since there seems no reason to believe that pre-7.0 servers exist anymore
in the wild, back-patch to all supported branches.

There are assorted situations wherein PQconnectPoll() will abandon a
connection attempt and try again with different parameters (eg, SSL versus
not SSL).  However, the code forgot to discard any pending data in libpq's
I/O buffers when doing this.  In at least one case (server returns E
message during SSL negotiation), there is unread input data which bollixes
the next connection attempt.  I have not checked to see whether this is
possible in the other cases where we close the socket and retry, but it
seems like a matter of good defensive programming to add explicit
buffer-flushing code to all of them.

This is one of several issues exposed by Daniel Farina's report of
misbehavior after a server-side fork failure.

This has been wrong since forever, so back-patch to all supported branches.

include dependencies.

Modify pgcompinclude to skip a common fcinfo error.

In PostgreSQL, this is included in the SELECT privilege, so show YES
or NO depending on whether SELECT is granted.

remove from local *.h files.

Per suggestion from Alvaro.

.h include files before .c files.

Mark some includes as needed to be ignored by pgrminclude.