This was already the case for domains over arrays, but not for domains
over certain built-in types such as boolean.  The special formatting
rules for those types should apply to domains over them as well.
Per discussion.

While this is a bug fix, it's also a behavioral change that seems likely
to trip up some applications.  So no back-patch.

Pavel Stehule

A materialized view has a rule just like a view and a heap and
other physical properties like a table.  The rule is only used to
populate the table, references in queries refer to the
materialized data.

This is a minimal implementation, but should still be useful in
many cases.  Currently data is only populated "on demand" by the
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW and REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW statements.
It is expected that future releases will add incremental updates
with various timings, and that a more refined concept of defining
what is "fresh" data will be developed.  At some point it may even
be possible to have queries use a materialized in place of
references to underlying tables, but that requires the other
above-mentioned features to be working first.

Much of the documentation work by Robert Haas.
Review by Noah Misch, Thom Brown, Robert Haas, Marko Tiikkaja
Security review by KaiGai Kohei, with a decision on how best to
implement sepgsql still pending.

Also make sure other fields of the view's pg_class entry are appropriate
for a view; it shouldn't have relfrozenxid set for instance.

This ancient omission isn't believed to have any serious consequences in
versions 8.4-9.2, so no backpatch.  But let's fix it before it does bite
us in some serious way.  It's just luck that the case doesn't cause
problems for autovacuum.  (It did cause problems in 8.3, but that's out
of support.)

Andres Freund

fmgr_sql had been designed on the assumption that the FmgrInfo it's called
with has only query lifespan.  This is demonstrably unsafe in connection
with range types, as shown in bug #7881 from Andrew Gierth.  Fix things
so that we re-generate the function's cache data if the (sub)transaction
it was made in is no longer active.

Back-patch to 9.2.  This might be needed further back, but it's not clear
whether the case can realistically arise without range types, so for now
I'll desist from back-patching further.

submitted by "Lyle"

Josh Kupershmidt

They can include sys/sdt.h from SystemTap, which itself contains C++
code and so won't compile with a C++ compiler under extern "C" linkage.

Careless use of TopMemoryContext for I/O function data meant that repeated
use of spi_prepare and spi_freeplan would leak memory at the session level,
as per report from Christian Schröder.  In addition, spi_prepare
leaked a lot of transient data within the current plperl function's SPI
Proc context, which would be a problem for repeated use of spi_prepare
within a single plperl function call; and it wasn't terribly careful
about releasing permanent allocations in event of an error, either.

In passing, clean up some copy-and-pasteos in query-lookup error messages.

Alex Hunsaker and Tom Lane

Per gripe from Andres Freund

This is a possibly vain attempt to fix a buffering issue
observed for some MSVC builds.

Thom Brown and me.

The new file in src/port needs to be listed in Mkvcbuild.pm as well.

Fujii Masao and me.

In copy-out mode, the frontend should not send any messages until the
backend has finished streaming, by sending a CopyDone message. I'm not sure
if it would be legal for the client to send a new query before receiving the
CopyDone message from the backend, but trying to support that would require
bigger changes to the backend code structure.

Fixes an assertion failure reported by Fujii Masao.

This includes backend "COPY TO/FROM PROGRAM '...'" syntax, and corresponding
psql \copy syntax. Like with reading/writing files, the backend version is
superuser-only, and in the psql version, the program is run in the client.

In the passing, the psql \copy STDIN/STDOUT syntax is subtly changed: if you
the stdin/stdout is quoted, it's now interpreted as a filename. For example,
"\copy foo from 'stdin'" now reads from a file called 'stdin', not from
standard input. Before this, there was no way to specify a filename called
stdin, stdout, pstdin or pstdout.

This creates a new function in pgport, wait_result_to_str(), which can
be used to convert the exit status of a process, as returned by wait(3),
to a human-readable string.

Etsuro Fujita, reviewed by Amit Kapila.

parseqatom() failed to check for an error return (NULL result) from its
recursive call to parsebranch(), and in consequence could crash with a
null-pointer dereference after an error return.  This bug has been there
since day one, but wasn't noticed before, probably because most error cases
in parsebranch() didn't actually lead to returning NULL.  Add the missing
error check, and also tweak parsebranch() to exit in a less indirect
fashion after a call to parseqatom() fails.

Report by Tomasz Karlik, fix by me.

Use correct type for "result", fix bogus strftime argument, don't use
unnecessary static variables, improve comments.

Andres Freund and Tom Lane

This got missed in commit 8396447c.

Andres Freund

The backend grammar treats STDIN and STDOUT completely interchangeable, so
that the above accepted. Arguably that was a mistake the backend grammar,
but it's not ecpg's business to second guess that.

There's no harm in excessive quoting per se, but it makes the strings nicer
to read. The values can get quite unwieldy, when they're first quoted within
within single-quotes when included in the connection string, and then all
the single-quotes are escaped when the connection string is passed as a
shell argument.

Like with pg_basebackup and pg_receivexlog, it's a bit strange to call the
option -d/--dbname, when in fact you cannot pass a database name in it.

Original patch by Amit Kapila, heavily modified by me.

You could already pass a database name just by passing it as the last
option, without -d. This is an alias for that, like the -d/--dbname option
in psql and many other client applications. For consistency.

The previous commit didn't work on MSVC editions earlier than
Visual Studio 2011, apparently. This works by copying files into the
contrib directory, and making provision to clean them up, which should
work on all editions.

Without this, there's no way to pass arbitrary libpq connection parameters
to these applications. It's a bit strange that the option is called
-d/--dbname, when in fact you can *not* pass a database name in it, but it's
consistent with other client applications where a connection string is also
passed using -d.

Original patch by Amit Kapila, heavily modified by me.

It is obviously no longer true.

rmgrdesc.c is not auto-generated now, though it apparently was the last
time the Makefile was updated.

The new name was originally my typo, but per discussion it seems like a
better name anyway.  So make the code match the docs, not vice versa.

Louis-Claude Canon and Josh Kupershmidt

Erik Rijkers

... as well a update copyrights statements to 2013.

Noted by Thom Brown and Peter Geoghegan

Harmless, but it's certainly better like this.

Noticed by Andres Freund

This program relies on rm_desc backend routines and the xlogreader
infrastructure to emit human-readable rendering of WAL records.

Author: Andres Freund, with many reworks by Álvaro
Reviewed (in a much earlier version) by Peter Eisentraut

Include eval costs of local conditions in remote-estimate mode, and don't
assume the remote eval cost is zero in local-estimate mode.  (The best
we can do with that at the moment is to assume a seqscan, which may well
be wildly pessimistic ... but zero won't do at all.)

To get a reasonable local estimate, we need to know the relpages count
for the remote rel, so improve the ANALYZE code to fetch that rather
than just setting the foreign table's relpages field to zero.