changes in plpgsql.  Per bug #4843.

the <@ and @> operators.  These are not in fact equivalent to the built-in
anyarray operators of the same names, because they have different behavior for
empty arrays, namely they don't think empty arrays are contained in anything.
That is mathematically wrong, no doubt, but until we can persuade GIN indexes
to implement the mathematical definition we should probably not change this.
Another reason for not changing it now is that we can't yet ensure the
opclasses will be updated correctly in a dump-and-reload upgrade.  Per
recent discussions.

behavior in cases where we don't know the heap tuple count accurately; in
particular partial vacuum, but this also makes the API a bit more useful
for ANALYZE.  This patch adds "estimated_count" flags to both structs so
that an approximate count can be flagged as such, and adjusts the logic
so that approximate counts are not used for updating pg_class.reltuples.

This fixes my previous complaint that VACUUM was putting ridiculous values
into pg_class.reltuples for indexes.  The actual impact of that bug is
limited, because the planner only pays attention to reltuples for an index
if the index is partial; which probably explains why beta testers hadn't
noticed a degradation in plan quality from it.  But it needs to be fixed.

The whole thing is a bit messy and should be redesigned in future, because
reltuples now has the potential to drift quite far away from reality when
a long period elapses with no non-partial vacuums.  But this is as good as
it's going to get for 8.4.

and USER MAPPING as method to supply dblink connect parameters. Per
mailing list and PGCon discussions.

ifdef doesn't trigger.  Not worth back-patching.  Per buildfarm reports.

is supposed to remove duplicate heap TIDs, we have to be sure to reduce the
tuple size and posting-item count accordingly in addItemPointersToTuple().
Failing to do so resulted in the effective injection of garbage TIDs into the
index contents, ie, whatever happened to be in the memory palloc'd for the
new tuple.  I'm not sure that this fully explains the index corruption
reported by Tatsuo Ishii, but the test case I'm using no longer fails.

Adjust recent PERL_SYS_INIT3 call to avoid platforms where it might fail, and to remove compilation warning. Backpatch the release 7.4

should use GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber/GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber,
not ItemPointerGetBlockNumber/ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber, because the latter
will Assert() on ip_posid == 0, ie a "Min" pointer.  (Thus, ItemPointerIsMin
has never worked at all, but it seems unused at present.)  I'm not certain
that the case can occur in normal functioning, but it's blowing up on me
while investigating Tatsuo-san's data corruption problem.  In any case it
seems like a problem waiting to bite someone.

Back-patch just in case this really is a problem for somebody in the field.

Search for versioned perl library instead of using hardcoded name on Windows. Backpatch to release 8.3

Fujii Masao

Seems silly to ask translators to expend work on these, especially in
pluralized variants.

by extending the ereport() API to cater for pluralization directly.  This
is better than the original method of calling ngettext outside the elog.c
code because (1) it avoids double translation, which wastes cycles and in
the worst case could give a wrong result; and (2) it avoids having to use
a different coding method in PL code than in the core backend.  The
client-side uses of ngettext are not touched since neither of these concerns
is very pressing in the client environment.  Per my proposal of yesterday.

__attribute__() marker so that gcc can validate the format string against
the actual arguments, get rid of overcomplicated and unsafe usage in
base_yyerror().

Tatsuo Ishii.

cosmetic --- I'm wondering if geteuid could have side effects on errno,
thus possibly resulting in a misleading error message after failure of
getpwuid.

instead just pointing out that a larger value may trigger use of GEQO.
Per Robert Haas.

In passing, do a bit of wordsmithing on the Genetic Query Optimizer section.

symbolic links with the -l option, and as Fujii Masao pointed out we ended up
overwriting files in the archive directory before this patch. Patch by
Aidan Van Dyk, Fujii Masao and me.

Backpatch to 8.3, where pg_standby was introduced.

while we're at it per request by Tom Lane. Specifically, don't try to
perform dblink_send_query() via dblink_record_internal() -- it was
inappropriate and ugly.

grounds that they don't fit into the specified interval qualifier (typmod).
This behavior, while of long standing, is clearly wrong per spec --- for
example the value INTERVAL '999' SECOND means 999 seconds and should not be
reduced to less than 60 seconds.

In some cases there could be grounds to raise an error if higher-order field
values are not given as zero; for example '1 year 1 month'::INTERVAL MONTH
should arguably be taken as an error rather than equivalent to 13 months.
However our internal representation doesn't allow us to do that in a fashion
that would consistently reject all and only the cases that a strict reading
of the spec would suggest.  Also, seeing that for example INTERVAL '13' MONTH
will print out as '1 year 1 mon', we have to be careful not to create a
situation where valid data will fail to dump and reload.  The present patch
therefore takes the attitude of not throwing an error in any such case.
We might want to revisit that in future but it would take more redesign
than seems prudent in late beta.

Per a complaint from Sebastien Flaesch and subsequent discussion.  While
at other times we might have just postponed such an issue to the next
development cycle, 8.4 already has changed the parsing of interval literals
quite a bit in an effort to accept all spec-compliant cases correctly.
This seems like a change that should be part of that rather than coming
along later.

YEAR, DECADE, CENTURY, or MILLENIUM fields, just as it always has done for
other types of fields.  The previous behavior seems to have been a hack to
avoid defining bit-positions for all these field types in DTK_M() masks,
rather than something that was really considered to be desired behavior.
But there is room in the masks for these, and we really need to tighten up
at least the behavior of DAY and YEAR fields to avoid unexpected behavior
associated with the 8.4 changes to interpret ambiguous fields based on the
interval qualifier (typmod) value.  Per my example and proposed patch.

queries frequently took no lock at all on individual indexes.  That's not
true any more, but we still need lock on the parent table to make it safe
to use cached lists of index OIDs.

advised.

all transactions are archived.

Original patch by Guillaume Smet.

default usernames versus Kerberos tickets.  Per confusion about what
bug #4824 was really about.

this, the username was in practice never matched against the kerberos principal
used to log in.

Zdenek Kotala

throwing an error as 8.4 had been doing.  The error interfered with porting
old database definitions (particularly for pg_migrator) without really buying
any safety.  Per bug #4817 and subsequent discussion.

"tsquery_op.c", line 193: warning: syntax error:  empty declaration

Zdenek Kotala

visibility effects in a couple of places where people are likely to look
for it.  Per discussion of recent question from Karl Nack.

an expression that's not supposed to contain variables.  Per discussion
with Gevik Babakhani, this eliminates the need for an ugly kluge (namely,
specifying some unrelated relation name).  Remove one such kluge from
pg_dump.

EncodeTimeOnly, EncodeDateTime, EncodeInterval.  These don't have any good
reason to fail, and their callers were mostly not checking anyway.