Previously AELs were registered against the top-level xid, which could
cause locks to be held much longer than necessary in some cases during
Hot Standby replay. We now record locks directly against their appropriate
xids. Requires few code changes because original code allowed for this
situation but didn’t fully implement it.

Discussion: CAKJS1f9vJ841HY=wonnLVbfkTWGYWdPN72VMxnArcGCjF3SywA@mail.gmail.com

Author: Simon Riggs and David Rowley

Logical replication no longer uses the "replication" keyword.  It just
matches database entries in the normal way.  The "replication" keyword
now only applies to physical replication.
Reviewed-by: Petr Jelinek <petr.jelinek@2ndquadrant.com>

Previously, the new owner had to be a superuser.  The new rules are more
refined similar to other objects.
Reviewed-by: Petr Jelinek <petr.jelinek@2ndquadrant.com>

Before exiting any files are fsync'ed. A --no-sync option is also
provided for a faster exit if desired.

Michael Paquier.

Reviewed by Albe Laurenz

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAB7nPqS1uZ=Ov+UruW6jr3vB-S_DLVMPc0dQpV-fTDjmm0ZQMg@mail.gmail.com

A hot standby replica keeps a list of Access Exclusive locks for a top
level transaction. These locks are released when the top level transaction
ends. Searching of this list is O(N^2), and each transaction had to pay the
price of searching this list for locks, even if it didn't take any AE
locks itself.

This patch optimizes this case by having the master server track which
transactions took AE locks, and passes that along to the standby server in
the commit/abort record. This allows the standby to only try to release
locks for transactions which actually took any, avoiding the majority of
the performance issue.

Refactor MyXactAccessedTempRel into MyXactFlags to allow minimal additional
cruft with this.

Analysis and initial patch by David Rowley
Author: David Rowley and Simon Riggs

Uses page-based mechanism to ensure we’re using the correct timeline.

Tests are included to exercise the functionality using a cold disk-level copy
of the master that's started up as a replica with slots intact, but the
intended use of the functionality is with later features.

Craig Ringer, reviewed by Simon Riggs and Andres Freund

Perl versions before 5.12 would warn "Use of implicit split to @_ is
deprecated".

Author: Jeff Janes <jeff.janes@gmail.com>

Don't dump publications with pg_dump -t or similar cases that select
specific groups of objects.

Author: Petr Jelinek <petr.jelinek@2ndquadrant.com>

For several operating systems, we give handy package manager one-liners
to install all the requirements for building our documentation.  All
current production FreeBSD releases have a friendly new package manager
a bit like apt/yum, so give a one line command here.  Also, add a brief
note about gmake vs make in the doc subdirectory.

Author: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@enterprisedb.com>

Reviewed by Tom Lane and Anastasia Lubennikova

Discussion:  http://postgr.es/m/56EA8A71.8060107@dunslane.net

This will allow enums to be used in exclusion constraints.

The code uses the new CallerFInfoFunctionCall infrastructure in fmgr,
and the support for it added to btree_gist in commit 393bb504d7.

Reviewed by Tom Lane and Anastasia Lubennikova

Discussion:  http://postgr.es/m/56EA8A71.8060107@dunslane.net

Follow up to commit 393bb504d7 which did this for numeric types.

None of the existing types actually need to use this mechanism, but this
will allow support for enum types which will need it. A separate patch
will adjust the varlena types support for consistency.

Reviewed by Tom Lane and Anastasia Lubennikova

Discussion:  http://postgr.es/m/27220.1478360811@sss.pgh.pa.us

Allows testing of logical decoding using SQL interface and/or pg_recvlogical
Most logical decoding tests are in contrib/test_decoding. This module
is for work that doesn't fit well there, like where server restarts
are required.

Craig Ringer

Partitioned tables do not contain any data; only their unpartitioned
descendents need to be scanned.  However, the partitioned tables still
need to be locked, even though they're not scanned.  To make that
work, Append and MergeAppend relations now need to carry a list of
(unscanned) partitioned relations that must be locked, and InitPlan
must lock all partitioned result relations.

Aside from the obvious advantage of avoiding some work at execution
time, this has two other advantages.  First, it may improve the
planner's decision-making in some cases since the empty relation
might throw things off.  Second, it paves the way to getting rid of
the storage for partitioned tables altogether.

Amit Langote, reviewed by me.

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/6837c359-45c4-8044-34d1-736756335a15@lab.ntt.co.jp

of SP-GiST.

Bug exists since initial commit of box opclass for SP-GiST,
so backpath to 9.6

Author: Nikita Glukhov with minor editorization of tests by me
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi, Anastasia Lubennikova

https://commitfest.postgresql.org/13/981/

The current DirectFunctionCall functions use NULL as the flinfo in
initializing the FunctionCallInfoData for the call. That means the
called function has no fn_mcxt or fn_extra to work with, and attempting
to do so will result in an access violation. These functions instead use
the provided flinfo, which will usually be the caller's own flinfo. The
caller needs to ensure that it doesn't use the fn_extra in way that is
incompatible with the way the called function will use it. The called
function should not rely on anything else in the provided context, as it
will be relevant to the caller, not the callee.

Original code from Tom Lane.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/db2b70a4-78d7-294a-a315-8e7f506c5978@2ndQuadrant.com

It used to say the creation user.

Reported-by: Nathan Wagner

This clarifies that quoted infinity values must have the negative signs
inside single quotes.

Reported-by: Don Morrison

Commit b6fb534f added two new node fields but neglected to add copy and
comparison support for them, Mea culpa, should have checked for that.

per buildfarm animals with -DCOPY_PARSE_PLAN_TREES

The previous example could error out due to encoding mismatches;  use
-T/template instead.

Reported-by: Jason O'Donnell

Even if the installation defaults to escape output, this makes
pg_regress make the setting hex, so that installcheck tests can pass in
such a setting.

Jeff Janes.

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CAMkU=1xivkTNeyCfzhwdHJ+VH5qpU+4gsipRNuEUbyQf+KN3Kw@mail.gmail.com

There is still some inconsistency with the error messages surrounding
foreign servers. Some use the word "foreign" and some don't. My
inclination is to remove all such uses of "foreign" on the basis that
the  CREATE/ALTER/DROP SERVER commands don't use the word. However, that
is left for another day. In this patch I have kept to the existing usage
in the affected commands, which omits "foreign".

Anastasia Lubennikova, reviewed by Arthur Zakirov and Ashtosh Bapat.

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/7c2ab9b8-388a-1ce0-23a3-7acf2a0ed3c6@postgrespro.ru

User mappings are essentially anonymous, so messages referring to "user
mapping foo on server bar" are wrong, and inconsistent with other error
messages referring to user mappings. To be consistent with existing use,
use "user mapping for foo on server bar" instead.

I dropped the noise word "user" from the original suggestion to be
consistent with other uses.

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/56c6f8ab-b2d6-f1fa-deb0-1d18cf67f7b9@2ndQuadrant.com

The WAL consistency checking code needed to be updated for the new
page status bit, but that didn't get done previously.

Ashutosh Sharma, reviewed by Amit Kapila

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CAA4eK1LP_oz4EfMen14OjJuzN5CqPdfRkFFuA-MfkcfeE8zGyg@mail.gmail.com

Clear LH_PAGE_HAS_DEAD_TUPLES during replay, similar to what gets done
for btree.  Update hashdesc.c for xl_hash_vacuum_one_page.

Oversights in commit 6977b8b7 spotted
by Amit Kapila.  Patch by Ashutosh Sharma.

Bump WAL version.  The original patch to make hash indexes write-ahead
logged probably should have done this, and the single page vacuuming
patch probably should have done it again, but better late than never.

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CAA4eK1Kd=mJ9xreovcsh0qMiAj-QqCphHVQ_Lfau1DR9oVjASQ@mail.gmail.com

We'll need this for the upcoming patch to speed up expression evaluation.
Might as well push it now to see if it behaves sanely in the buildfarm.

Andres Freund

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20170320062511.hp5qeurtxrwsvfxr@alap3.anarazel.de

Michael Paquier

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAB7nPqRZ_LNTCJ7gGjE_SpRanGoALfTgsxdauNsKq%2BLBRH9fxg%40mail.gmail.com

Commit 818fd4a6 missed cleaning up the symlinks it added for various .c
files imported from src/port and src/common.  Neatnik-ishly make the
file lists in the "clean" target look exactly like the earlier lists of
what to symlink in.

TidScan plan nodes were not systematically tested before.  These additions
raise the LOC coverage number for the basic regression tests from 52% to
92% in nodeTidscan.c, and from 60% to 93% in tidpath.c.

Andres Freund, tweaked a bit by me

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20170320062511.hp5qeurtxrwsvfxr@alap3.anarazel.de

this makes buffer access strategy have no effect.
Change was a part of commit 48354581 during 9.6
release cycle, so backpath to 9.6

Reported-by: Jim Nasby
Author: Alexander Korotkov
Reviewed-by: Jim Nasby, Andres Freund

https://commitfest.postgresql.org/13/1029/

Not every platform supports non-default collations, as pointed out by
the buildfarm, so skip collation-related regression tests in pg_dump
when they aren't supported.

Commit ff27db5d changed this function to no longer return the start
position, but forgot the comment.

Oversight in commit 17f8ffa1.  Per buildfarm member prion.

The non-concurrent code path for REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW failed to
report its updates to the stats collector.  This is bad since it means
auto-analyze doesn't know there's any work to be done.  Adjust it to
report the refresh as a table truncate followed by insertion of an
appropriate number of rows.

Since a matview could contain more than INT_MAX rows, change the
signature of pgstat_count_heap_insert() to accept an int64 rowcount.
(The accumulator it's adding into is already int64, but existing
callers could not insert more than a small number of rows at once,
so the argument had been declared just "int n".)

This is surely a bug fix, but changing pgstat_count_heap_insert()'s API
seems too risky for the back branches.  Given the lack of previous
complaints, I'm not sure it's a big enough problem to justify a kluge
solution that would avoid that.  So, no back-patch, at least for now.

Jim Mlodgenski, adjusted a bit by me

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAB_5SRchSz7-WmdO5szdiknG8Oj_GGqJytrk1KRd11yhcMs1KQ@mail.gmail.com

Link to CREATE and ALTER ROLE consistently, instead of mixing CREATE
USER and ALTER ROLE.