Cause the path extraction operators to return their lefthand input,
not NULL, if the path array has no elements.  This seems more consistent
since the case ought to correspond to applying the simple extraction
operator (->) zero times.

Cause other corner cases in field/element/path extraction to return NULL
rather than failing.  This behavior is arguably more useful than throwing
an error, since it allows an expression index using these operators to be
built even when not all values in the column are suitable for the
extraction being indexed.  Moreover, we already had multiple
inconsistencies between the path extraction operators and the simple
extraction operators, as well as inconsistencies between the JSON and
JSONB code paths.  Adopt a uniform rule of returning NULL rather than
throwing an error when the JSON input does not have a structure that
permits the request to be satisfied.

Back-patch to 9.4.  Update the release notes to list this as a behavior
change since 9.3.

Peter Geoghegan

The option is called --tablespace-mapping, not --tablespace.

Amit Kapila

Previously, we would first create the symlinks the way they are in the
original system, and at the end replace them with the mapped symlinks.
That never really made much sense, so now we create the symlink pointing
to the correct location to begin with, so that there's no need to fix
them at the end.

The old coding didn't work correctly on Windows, because Windows junction
points look more like directories than files, and ought to be removed with
rmdir rather than unlink. Also, it incorrectly used "%d" rather than "%u"
to print an Oid, but that's gone now.

Report and patch by Amit Kapila, with minor changes by me. Reviewed by
MauMau. Backpatch to 9.4, where the --tablespace feature was added.

As 'ALTER TABLESPACE .. MOVE ALL' really didn't change the tablespace
but instead changed objects inside tablespaces, it made sense to
rework the syntax and supporting functions to operate under the
'ALTER (TABLE|INDEX|MATERIALIZED VIEW)' syntax and to be in
tablecmds.c.

Pointed out by Alvaro, who also suggested the new syntax.

Back-patch to 9.4.

The new column shows how many backends have a buffer pinned. That can
be useful during development or to diagnose production issues
e.g. caused by vacuum waiting for cleanup locks.

To handle upgrades transparently - the extension might be used in
views - deal with callers expecting the old number of columns.

Reviewed by Fujii Masao and Rajeev rastogi.

We have had INT64_FORMAT and UINT64_FORMAT for a long time, but that's not
good enough if you want something more exotic, like "%20lld".

Abhijit Menon-Sen, per Andres Freund's suggestion.

Cover some cases I omitted before, such as null and empty-string
elements in the path array.  This exposes another inconsistency:
json_extract_path complains about empty path elements but
jsonb_extract_path does not.

jsonb's #> operator segfaulted (dereferencing a null pointer) if the RHS
was a zero-length array, as reported in bug #11207 from Justin Van Winkle.
json's #> operator returns NULL in such cases, so for the moment let's
make jsonb act likewise.

Also add a bunch of regression test queries memorializing the -> and #>
operators' behavior for this and other corner cases.

There is a good argument for changing some of these behaviors, as they
are not very consistent with each other, and throwing an error isn't
necessarily a desirable behavior for operators that are likely to be
used in indexes.  However, everybody can agree that a core dump is the
Wrong Thing, and we need test cases even if we decide to change their
expected output later.

Allows the logging to print the entire text of failed queries, rather
than a truncated version.

While the space is optional, it seems nicer to be consistent with what
you get if you do "SET search_path=...". SET always normalizes the
separator to be comma+space.

Christoph Martin

This reverts commit 083d29c6.

The commit changed the code so that it causes an errors when
IDENTIFY_SYSTEM returns three columns. But which prevents us
from using the replication-related utilities against the server
with older version. This is not what we want. For that
compatibility, we allow the utilities to receive three columns
as the result of IDENTIFY_SYSTEM eventhough it actually returns
four columns in 9.4 or later.

Pointed out by Andres Freund.

5a991ef8 added new column into
the result of IDENTIFY_SYSTEM command. But it was not reflected into
several codes checking that result. Specifically though the number of
columns in the result was increased to 4, it was still compared with 3
in some replication codes.

Back-patch to 9.4 where the number of columns in IDENTIFY_SYSTEM
result was increased.

Report from Michael Paquier

Programs need execute permission on a DLL file to load it.  MSYS
"install" ignores the mode argument, and our Cygwin build statically
links libpq into programs.  That explains the lack of buildfarm trouble.
Back-patch to 9.0 (all supported versions).

In support of this, have the MSVC build follow GNU make in preferring
GNUmakefile over Makefile when a directory contains both.

Michael Paquier, reviewed by MauMau.

strncmp() is a specialized API unsuited for routine copying into
fixed-size buffers.  On a system where the length of a single filename
can exceed MAXPGPATH, the pg_archivecleanup change prevents a simple
crash in the subsequent strlen().  Few filesystems support names that
long, and calling pg_archivecleanup with untrusted input is still not a
credible use case.  Therefore, no back-patch.

David Rowley

The aboriginal sample placed connection parameters in
groupOfUniqueNames/uniqueMember.  OpenLDAP, at least as early as version
2.4.23, rejects uniqueMember entries that do not conform to the syntax
for a distinguished name.  Use device/description, which is free-form.
Back-patch to 9.4 for web site visibility.

Oversight in commit 7cbe57c3.
Back-patch to 9.4, where that commit first appeared.  In passing,
release-note the FDW API postcondition change from the same commit.

Adjust Release Notes to reflect holding off wrapped expanded mode until 9.5 (thanks Michael Paquier)

collateral damage on other formats, by Sergey Muraviov.

Move the functions within the file so that public interface functions come
first, followed by internal functions. Previously, be_tls_write was first,
then internal stuff, and finally the rest of the public interface, which
clearly didn't make much sense.

Per Andres Freund's complaint.

The old text explained what happened if we didn't have working int64
arithmetic.  Since that case has been explicitly rejected by configure
since 8.4.3, documenting it in the 9.x branches can only produce confusion.

Commit f30015b6 made this happen for
timestamp and timestamptz, but it seems pretty inconsistent to not
do it for simple dates as well.

(In passing, I re-pgindent'd json.c.)

Previously only CREATE_REPLICATION_SLOT was exposed as an index term.
That's odd and there is no reason not to add index terms for other
replication commands.

Back-patch to 9.4.

Update the notes to include commits through today, and do a lot of
wordsmithing and markup adjustment.  Notably, don't use <link> where <xref>
will do; since we got rid of the text-format HISTORY file, there is no
longer a reason to avoid <xref>.

The new DISCARD SEQUENCES option was inadequately described, and hadn't
been mentioned at all in the initial Description paragraph.  Rather than
rectifying the latter the hard way, it seemed better to rewrite the
description as a summary, instead of having it basically duplicate
statements made under Parameters.  Be more consistent about the ordering
of the options, too.

The upstream stylesheets for man output insert a *roff comment for an
occurrence of an indexterm, for reasons that have apparently been lost
in history.  This, however, is done incorrectly and causes some
formatting problems.  This hasn't been an issue until now, but the
reorganization of indexterm elements inside variablelists has triggered
this issue.

The upstream fix (http://sourceforge.net/p/docbook/bugs/1340/) is to
drop indexterms altogether in man output, and so we'll do the same here.

PG_RETURN_BOOL() should only be used in functions following the V1 SQL
function API.  This coding accidentally fails to fail since letting the
compiler coerce the Datum representation of bool back to plain bool
does give the right answer; but that doesn't make it a good idea.

Back-patch to older branches just to avoid unnecessary code divergence.

Make lists of the names of all operators that are claimed to be commutator
pairs or negator pairs.  This is analogous to the existing queries that
make lists of all operator names appearing in particular opclass strategy
slots.  Unexpected additions to these lists are likely to be mistakes; had
we had these queries in place before, bug #11178 might've been prevented.

<@ and @> are each other's commutators, but they were incorrectly marked
as being each other's negators instead.  (This was actually questioned
in a comment in the original commit, but nobody followed through :-(.)
Per bug #11178 from Christian Pronovost.

In passing, fix some JSONB operator descriptions that were randomly
different from the phrasing of every other similar description.

catversion bump for pg_catalog contents change.

from commit e4c3c99a

Print a clear error message in this case, rather than wait for initdb
--sync-only to generate a "Permission denied" error.

The inheritance example in the manual implies that the capital of New York
is New York City, but in reality it's Albany.

George Hartzell

I removed the flag earlier, but missed a few references in jsonb.h.

When the TAP tests are run in-tree (make check), set the shared library
path using the appropriate environment variable, using a logic similar
to pg_regress, so that the right libraries are used.

See 3a9d430a.  A new one snuck in.

FreeBSD hasn't made any use of kern.ipc.semmap since 1.1, and newer
releases reject attempts to set it altogether; so stop recommending
that it be adjusted.  Per bug #11161.

Back-patch to all supported branches.  Before 9.3, also incorporate
commit 7a42dff4, which touches the same text and for some reason
was not back-patched at the time.

Fabien COELHO and Robert Haas