Add the view pg_stat_database_conflicts and a column to pg_stat_database,
and the underlying functions to provide the information.

Noted by Peter E.

Forgot this with previuos commit, line it up so it's easier to
submit (readable) patches against the MSVC build system.

Add new function pg_sequence_parameters that returns a sequence's start,
minimum, maximum, increment, and cycle values, and use that in the view.
(bug #5662; design suggestion by Tom Lane)

Also slightly adjust the view's column order and permissions after review of
SQL standard.

Noted by Magnus Hagander.

Foreign tables are a core component of SQL/MED.  This commit does
not provide a working SQL/MED infrastructure, because foreign tables
cannot yet be queried.  Support for foreign table scans will need to
be added in a future patch.  However, this patch creates the necessary
system catalog structure, syntax support, and support for ancillary
operations such as COMMENT and SECURITY LABEL.

Shigeru Hanada, heavily revised by Robert Haas

As suggested by Tom Lane, in response to a gripe from Leslie S Satenstein.

Along the way, correct an erroneous comment.

This is analogous to the existing facility that allows casting a row type to a
supertable's row type.

pointers, which simplifies the code.  This was not possible in 9.0 because
everything was in a single nested struct, but is possible now.

Per suggestion from Tom.

"wait" detection and add postmaster start time to help determine if the
postmaster is actually using the specified data directory.

No change in functionality.  Per discussion with Robert.

There's no reason for these values to be known anywhere else.  After
doing this, executor/execdefs.h is vestigial and can be removed.

This is advantageous first because it allows us to hash the smaller table
regardless of the outer-join type, and second because hash join can be more
flexible than merge join in dealing with arbitrary join quals in a FULL
join.  For merge join all the join quals have to be mergejoinable, but hash
join will work so long as there's at least one hashjoinable qual --- the
others can be any condition.  (This is true essentially because we don't
keep per-inner-tuple match flags in merge join, while hash join can do so.)

To do this, we need a has-it-been-matched flag for each tuple in the
hashtable, not just one for the current outer tuple.  The key idea that
makes this practical is that we can store the match flag in the tuple's
infomask, since there are lots of bits there that are of no interest for a
MinimalTuple.  So we aren't increasing the size of the hashtable at all for
the feature.

To write this without turning the hash code into even more of a pile of
spaghetti than it already was, I rewrote ExecHashJoin in a state-machine
style, similar to ExecMergeJoin.  Other than that decision, it was pretty
straightforward.

Instead, declare a public wrapper of the sole function using it for
external callers, so that they don't have to always pass a NULL
argument.

Author: Kevin Grittner

     with time zone</type>.)  <type>timestamptz</type> is accepted as an

Don't insist on pg_dumpall and psql being present in the old cluster,
since they are not needed.  Do insist on pg_resetxlog being present
(in both old and new), since we need it.  Also check for pg_config,
but only in the new cluster.  Remove the useless attempt to call
pg_config in the old cluster; we don't need to know the old value of
--pkglibdir.  (In the case of a stripped-down migration installation
there might be nothing there to look at anyway, so any future change
that might reintroduce that need would have to be considered carefully.)

Per my attempts to build a minimal previous-version installation to support
pg_upgrade.

The unlogged tables patch (commit 53dbc27c,
2010-12-29) should have done this, since it changes the format of an
XLOG_SMGR_CREATE record.

The contents of an unlogged table are WAL-logged; thus, they are not
available on standby servers and are truncated whenever the database
system enters recovery.  Indexes on unlogged tables are also unlogged.
Unlogged GiST indexes are not currently supported.

This privilege is required to do Streaming Replication, instead of
superuser, making it possible to set up a SR slave that doesn't
have write permissions on the master.

Superuser privileges do NOT override this check, so in order to
use the default superuser account for replication it must be
explicitly granted the REPLICATION permissions. This is backwards
incompatible change, in the interest of higher default security.

The "date" type supports a wider range of dates than int64 timestamps do.
However, there is pre-int64-timestamp code in the planner that assumes that
all date values can be converted to timestamp with impunity.  Fortunately,
what we really need out of the conversion is always a double (float8)
value; so even when the date is out of timestamp's range it's possible to
produce a sane answer.  All we need is a code path that doesn't try to
force the result into int64.  Per trouble report from David Rericha.

Back-patch to all supported versions.  Although this is surely a corner
case, there's not much point in advertising a date range wider than
timestamp's if we will choke on such values in unexpected places.

This is how it was documented originally, but several years ago somebody
decided that DEFAULT isn't a type of constraint.  Well, the grammar thinks
it is.  The documentation was wrong in two ways: it alleged that DEFAULT
had to appear before any other kind of constraint, and it alleged that you
can't prefix a DEFAULT clause with a "CONSTRAINT name" clause, when in fact
you can.  (The latter behavior probably isn't SQL-standard, but our grammar
has always allowed it.)

This patch responds to Fujii Masao's observation that the ALTER TABLE
documentation mistakenly implied that you couldn't include DEFAULT in
ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN; though this isn't the way he proposed fixing it.

It must be added at the end of the ExecStatusType enum to avoid ABI
breakage compared to previous libpq versions.  Noted by Magnus.

Move the list of what's restricted to superusers into the table
itself, so it doesn't get missed again.

postmaster.pid file is larger than in previous major versions.
This is a bug introduced when I added lines to the file recently.

per change to the file for pg_ctl.

No longer needed now that bitand() and bitor() have been renamed.

This is to avoid use of the C++ keywords "bitand" and "bitor" in
the header file utils/varbit.h.  Note the functions' SQL-level
names are not changed, only their C-level names.

In passing, make some comments in varbit.c conform to project-standard
layout.

This is slower than the original coding but avoids the problem of
including files in an unpredictable order.  Aside from being more
trustworthy, we can get rid of some exclusions that were formerly
made for what turn out to be ordering or re-inclusion problems.

I also modified it to include libpq's exported files in the check.
ecpg should be included as well, but I'm unclear on which ecpg .h
files are meant to be included by clients.

Noted while experimenting with cpluspluscheck.

gram.h has ordering dependencies, which are satisfied when it's included
from gramparse.h, but might not be if it's pulled in directly.

"private" is a keyword in C++, so this breaks the poorly-enforced policy
that header files should be include-able in C++ code.  Per report from
Craig Ringer and some investigation with cpluspluscheck.