further backpatch.

TupleTableSlots.  We have functions for retrieving a minimal tuple from a slot
after storing a regular tuple in it, or vice versa; but these were implemented
by converting the internal storage from one format to the other.  The problem
with that is it invalidates any pass-by-reference Datums that were already
fetched from the slot, since they'll be pointing into the just-freed version
of the tuple.  The known problem cases involve fetching both a whole-row
variable and a pass-by-reference value from a slot that is fed from a
tuplestore or tuplesort object.  The added regression tests illustrate some
simple cases, but there may be other failure scenarios traceable to the same
bug.  Note that the added tests probably only fail on unpatched code if it's
built with --enable-cassert; otherwise the bug leads to fetching from freed
memory, which will not have been overwritten without additional conditions.

Fix by allowing a slot to contain both formats simultaneously; which turns out
not to complicate the logic much at all, if anything it seems less contorted
than before.

Back-patch to 8.2, where minimal tuples were introduced.

still more work to do.

from patch author:

       Add /contrib/citext as a case-insensitive, multibyte-capable
	text data type (David Wheeler)

suggested wording from Josh Berkus.

even when not active.  Explain how to prevent that with an ENABLED() check.

Andrew Gierth

the system's getopt_long().  The previous coding was the result of a sloppy
discussion that failed to draw this distinction.  The result was that PG
programs don't handle options as users of that platform expect.  Per
gripe from Chuck McDevitt.

Although this is a pre-existing bug, I'm not backpatching since I think we
could do with a bit of beta testing before concluding this is really OK.

while converting to XML.  Bernd Helmle

mode while callers hold pointers to in-memory tuples.  I reported this for
the case of nodeWindowAgg's primary scan tuple, but inspection of the code
shows that all of the calls in nodeWindowAgg and nodeCtescan are at risk.
For the moment, fix it with a rather brute-force approach of copying
whenever one of the at-risk callers requests a tuple.  Later we might
think of some sort of reference-count approach to reduce tuple copying.

Greg Stark, slightly modified by me.

with EXPLAIN ANALYZE VERBOSE.

Greg Sabino Mullane, reformatted by myself. Backpatch to 8.1, where the
bug was introduced.

       Previously EXPLAIN VERBOSE had output an internal
	representation of the

       Increase the default value of default_statistics_target from 10 to 100
       (Greg Sabino Mullane, Tom)

       Support the IS0 8601 time interval syntax (Tom, Kevin
	Grittner)

per Ron Mayer

       Made interval seconds rounding more consistent across output
       formats (Ron Mayer)

Ron Mayer

suggestion from Ron Mayer

In the backend, I changed only a handful of exemplary or important-looking
instances to make use of the plural support; there is probably more work
there.  For the rest of the source, this should cover all relevant cases.

be changed after initdb.

Per pgsql-hackers discussion of 2009-02-17.

"physical tlist" optimization on the outer relation (ie, force a projection
step to occur in its scan).  This avoids storing useless column values when
the outer relation's tuples are written to temporary batch files.

Modified version of a patch by Michael Henderson and Ramon Lawrence.

editorial improvements.

required.