The comment added by ed011d97 used #,
which means it gets copied into configure, but it doesn't make sense
there.  So use dnl, which gets dropped when creating configure.

Tablespaces can be relocated in plain backup mode by specifying one or
more -T olddir=newdir options.

Author: Steeve Lennmark <steevel@handeldsbanken.se>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>

Most estimation functions apply estimate_expression_value to see if they
can reduce an expression to a constant; the key difference is that it
allows evaluation of stable as well as immutable functions in hopes of
ending up with a simple Const node.  scalararraysel didn't get the memo
though, and neither did gincost_opexpr/gincost_scalararrayopexpr.  Fix
that, and remove a now-unnecessary estimate_expression_value step in the
subsidiary function scalararraysel_containment.

Per complaint from Alexey Klyukin.  Back-patch to 9.3.  The problem
goes back further, but I'm hesitant to change estimation behavior in
long-stable release branches.

The length of the output buffer was calculated based on the size of the
argument hstore. On a sizeof(int) == 4 platform and a huge argument, it
could overflow, causing a too small buffer to be allocated.

Refactor the function to use a StringInfo instead of pre-allocating the
buffer. Makes it shorter and more readable, too.

The customization overrode the fast-forward code with its custom Up
link.  So this is no longer really the fast-forward feature, so we might
as well turn that off and override the non-ff template instead, thus
removing one mental indirection.

Fix the wrong column span declaration.

Clarify and update the documentation.

There was an extra space there, and "fixed" wasn't very descriptive.

Looks like this gets added later ...

If this works, we can get rid of configure's support for locating dllwrap
... but let's see what the buildfarm says, first.

Hiroshi Inoue

Some of the files we optionally link in from elsewhere weren't ignored
and/or weren't cleaned up at "make clean".  Noted while testing on a
machine that needs our version of snprintf.c.

Per an observation from Amit Kapila.

The functions in slotfuncs.c don't exist in any released version,
but the changes to xlogfuncs.c represent backward-incompatibilities.
Per discussion, we're hoping that the queries using these functions
are few enough and simple enough that this won't cause too much
breakage for users.

Michael Paquier, reviewed by Andres Freund and further modified
by me.

Change input function error messages to be more consistent with what is
done elsewhere.  Remove a bunch of redundant type casts, so that the
compiler will warn us if we screw up.  Don't pass LSNs by value on
platforms where a Datum is only 32 bytes, per buildfarm.  Move macros
for packing and unpacking LSNs to pg_lsn.h so that we can include
access/xlogdefs.h, to avoid an unsatisfied dependency on XLogRecPtr.

Change pg_lsn_mi so that it can return negative values when subtracting
LSNs, and clean up some perhaps ill-considered macro names.

Robert Haas and Michael Paquier

The SQL standard says that OVERLAPS should have a two-element row
constructor on each side.  The original coding of OVERLAPS support in
our grammar attempted to extend that by allowing a single-element row
constructor, which it internally duplicated ... or tried to, anyway.
But that code has certainly not worked since our List infrastructure was
rewritten in 2004, and I'm none too sure it worked before that.  As it
stands, it ends up building a List that includes itself, leading to
assorted undesirable behaviors later in the parser.

Even if it worked as intended, it'd be a bit evil because of the
possibility of duplicate evaluation of a volatile function that the user
had written only once.  Given the lack of documentation, test cases, or
complaints, let's just get rid of the idea and only support the standard
syntax.

While we're at it, improve the error cursor positioning for the
wrong-number-of-arguments errors, and inline the makeOverlaps() function
since it's only called in one place anyway.

Per bug #9227 from Joshua Yanovski.  Initial patch by Joshua Yanovski,
extended a bit by me.

The ASLR in Windows 8/Windows 2012 can break PostgreSQL's shared memory. It
doesn't fail every time (which is explained by the Random part in ASLR), but
can fail with errors abut failing to reserve shared memory region.

MauMau, reviewed by Craig Ringer

Amit Langote

Add entries for security issues.

Security: CVE-2014-0060 through CVE-2014-0067

Vik Fearing

Per gripe from Josh Berkus.

Since the temporary server started by "make check" uses "trust"
authentication, another user on the same machine could connect to it
as database superuser, and then potentially exploit the privileges of
the operating-system user who started the tests.  We should change
the testing procedures to prevent this risk; but discussion is required
about the best way to do that, as well as more testing than is practical
for an undisclosed security problem.  Besides, the same issue probably
affects some user-written test harnesses.  So for the moment, we'll just
warn people against using "make check" when there are untrusted users on
the same machine.

In passing, remove some ancient advice that suggested making the
regression testing subtree world-writable if you'd built as root.
That looks dangerously insecure in modern contexts, and anyway we
should not be encouraging people to build Postgres as root.

Security: CVE-2014-0067

Coverity identified a number of places in which it couldn't prove that a
string being copied into a fixed-size buffer would fit.  We believe that
most, perhaps all of these are in fact safe, or are copying data that is
coming from a trusted source so that any overrun is not really a security
issue.  Nonetheless it seems prudent to forestall any risk by using
strlcpy() and similar functions.

Fixes by Peter Eisentraut and Jozef Mlich based on Coverity reports.

In addition, fix a potential null-pointer-dereference crash in
contrib/chkpass.  The crypt(3) function is defined to return NULL on
failure, but chkpass.c didn't check for that before using the result.
The main practical case in which this could be an issue is if libc is
configured to refuse to execute unapproved hashing algorithms (e.g.,
"FIPS mode").  This ideally should've been a separate commit, but
since it touches code adjacent to one of the buffer overrun changes,
I included it in this commit to avoid last-minute merge issues.
This issue was reported by Honza Horak.

Security: CVE-2014-0065 for buffer overruns, CVE-2014-0066 for crypt()

Several functions, mostly type input functions, calculated an allocation
size such that the calculation wrapped to a small positive value when
arguments implied a sufficiently-large requirement.  Writes past the end
of the inadvertent small allocation followed shortly thereafter.
Coverity identified the path_in() vulnerability; code inspection led to
the rest.  In passing, add check_stack_depth() to prevent stack overflow
in related functions.

Back-patch to 8.4 (all supported versions).  The non-comment hstore
changes touch code that did not exist in 8.4, so that part stops at 9.0.

Noah Misch and Heikki Linnakangas, reviewed by Tom Lane.

Security: CVE-2014-0064

Many server functions use the MAXDATELEN constant to size a buffer for
parsing or displaying a datetime value.  It was much too small for the
longest possible interval output and slightly too small for certain
valid timestamp input, particularly input with a long timezone name.
The long input was rejected needlessly; the long output caused
interval_out() to overrun its buffer.  ECPG's pgtypes library has a copy
of the vulnerable functions, which bore the same vulnerabilities along
with some of its own.  In contrast to the server, certain long inputs
caused stack overflow rather than failing cleanly.  Back-patch to 8.4
(all supported versions).

Reported by Daniel Schüssler, reviewed by Tom Lane.

Security: CVE-2014-0063

If the name lookups come to different conclusions due to concurrent
activity, we might perform some parts of the DDL on a different table
than other parts.  At least in the case of CREATE INDEX, this can be
used to cause the permissions checks to be performed against a
different table than the index creation, allowing for a privilege
escalation attack.

This changes the calling convention for DefineIndex, CreateTrigger,
transformIndexStmt, transformAlterTableStmt, CheckIndexCompatible
(in 9.2 and newer), and AlterTable (in 9.1 and older).  In addition,
CheckRelationOwnership is removed in 9.2 and newer and the calling
convention is changed in older branches.  A field has also been added
to the Constraint node (FkConstraint in 8.4).  Third-party code calling
these functions or using the Constraint node will require updating.

Report by Andres Freund.  Patch by Robert Haas and Andres Freund,
reviewed by Tom Lane.

Security: CVE-2014-0062

Back-patch to 8.4 (all supported versions).

The primary role of PL validators is to be called implicitly during
CREATE FUNCTION, but they are also normal functions that a user can call
explicitly.  Add a permissions check to each validator to ensure that a
user cannot use explicit validator calls to achieve things he could not
otherwise achieve.  Back-patch to 8.4 (all supported versions).
Non-core procedural language extensions ought to make the same two-line
change to their own validators.

Andres Freund, reviewed by Tom Lane and Noah Misch.

Security: CVE-2014-0061

Granting a role without ADMIN OPTION is supposed to prevent the grantee
from adding or removing members from the granted role.  Issuing SET ROLE
before the GRANT bypassed that, because the role itself had an implicit
right to add or remove members.  Plug that hole by recognizing that
implicit right only when the session user matches the current role.
Additionally, do not recognize it during a security-restricted operation
or during execution of a SECURITY DEFINER function.  The restriction on
SECURITY DEFINER is not security-critical.  However, it seems best for a
user testing his own SECURITY DEFINER function to see the same behavior
others will see.  Back-patch to 8.4 (all supported versions).

The SQL standards do not conflate roles and users as PostgreSQL does;
only SQL roles have members, and only SQL users initiate sessions.  An
application using PostgreSQL users and roles as SQL users and roles will
never attempt to grant membership in the role that is the session user,
so the implicit right to add or remove members will never arise.

The security impact was mostly that a role member could revoke access
from others, contrary to the wishes of his own grantor.  Unapproved role
member additions are less notable, because the member can still largely
achieve that by creating a view or a SECURITY DEFINER function.

Reviewed by Andres Freund and Tom Lane.  Reported, independently, by
Jonas Sundman and Noah Misch.

Security: CVE-2014-0060

These are needed in HEAD to make assorted contrib modules build on Windows.
Now that all the MSVC and Mingw buildfarm members seem to be on the same
page about the need for them, we can have some confidence that future
problems of this ilk will be detected promptly; there seems nothing more
to be learned by delaying this fix further.

I chose to mark QueryCancelPending as well, since it's easy to imagine code
that wants to touch ProcDiePending also caring about QueryCancelPending.

uid_t and gid_t might be wider than int on some platforms.
Per buildfarm member brolga.

Disabling auto-import requires that all libraries we use be careful about
declspecs for exported variables; and it seems they aren't.  This means
that Cygwin will not give us useful info about missing PGDLLIMPORT markers;
but it's probably sufficient that MSVC and Mingw builds do.

No substantive changes, but reorder some items and improve some
descriptions.

This is needed on Windows to support contrib/postgres_fdw.  Although it's
been broken since last March, we didn't notice until recently because there
were no active buildfarm members that complained about missing PGDLLIMPORT
marking.  Efforts are underway to improve that situation, in support of
which we're delaying fixing some other cases of global variables that
should be marked PGDLLIMPORT.  However, this case affects 9.3, so we
can't wait any longer to fix it.

I chose to mark DateOrder as well, though it's not strictly necessary
for postgres_fdw.

Make a bit more noise about the timeout-interrupt bug.  Also, remove the
release note entry for commit 423e1211; that patch fixed a problem
introduced post-9.3.2, so there's no need to document it in the release
notes.

Still another step in the continuing saga of trying to get
--disable-auto-import to work.

Hiroshi Inoue

As usual, the release notes for older branches will be made by cutting
these down, but put them up for community review first.

PIDs aren't necessarily ints; our usual practice for printing them
is to explicitly cast to long.  Per buildfarm member rover_firefly.

We should not assume that struct timeval.tv_sec is a long, because
it ain't necessarily.  (POSIX says that it's a time_t, which might
well be 64 bits now or in the future; or for that matter might be
32 bits on machines with 64-bit longs.)  Per buildfarm member panther.

Back-patch to 9.3 where the dubious coding was introduced.

We used to have externs for getopt() and its API variables scattered
all over the place.  Now that we find we're going to need to tweak the
variable declarations for Cygwin, it seems like a good idea to have
just one place to tweak.

In this commit, the variables are declared "#ifndef HAVE_GETOPT_H".
That may or may not work everywhere, but we'll soon find out.

Andres Freund