Perl 5.36 has reclassified the warning condition that this test
case used, so that the expected error fails to appear.  Tweak
the test so it instead exercises a case that's handled the same
way in all Perl versions of interest.

This appears to meet our standards for back-patching into
out-of-support branches: it changes no user-visible behavior
but enables testing of old branches with newer tools.
Hence, back-patch as far as 9.2.

Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker, per report from Jitka Plesníková.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/564579.1654093326@sss.pgh.pa.us

The example given for anyelement <@ anymultirange didn't return
true as claimed; adjust it so it does.

In passing, change a couple of sample results where the modern
numeric-based logic produces a different number of trailing zeroes
than before.

Erik Rijkers

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/cc35735d-1ec1-5bb3-9e27-cddbab7afa23@xs4all.nl

The PostgreSQL limitations section of the documents mentioned the limit
on the number of columns that can exist in a table.  Users might be
surprised to find that there's also a limit on the number of columns that
can exist in a targetlist.  Users may experience restrictions which
surprise them if they happened to select a large number of columns from
several tables with many columns.  Here we document that there is a
limitation on this and mention what that limit actually is.

Wording proposal by Alvaro Herrera

Reported-by: Vladimir Sitnikov
Author: Dave Crammer
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAB=Je-E18aTYpNqje4mT0iEADpeGLSzwUvo3H9kRRuDdsNo4aQ@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 12, where the limitations section was added

PostgreSQL 14 changed the default to be scram-sha-256, so we should stop
recommending the user to use md5 or even worse password.

Suggested-By: Daniel Westermann
Author: Jonathan S. Katz
Backpatch-through: 14
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/GV0P278MB0419A8BAC0B0B84AFA5263D9D2DC9@GV0P278MB0419.CHEP278.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM

This reverts commit d9d07622 "VACUUM: ignore indexing operations
with CONCURRENTLY".

These changes caused indexes created with the CONCURRENTLY option to
miss heap tuples that were HOT-updated and HOT-pruned during the index
creation.  Before these changes, HOT pruning would have been prevented
by the Xmin of the transaction creating the index, but because this
change was precisely to allow the Xmin to move forward ignoring that
backend, now other backends scanning the table can prune them.  This is
not a problem for VACUUM (which requires a lock that conflicts with a
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY operation), but HOT-prune can definitely
occur.  In other words, Xmin advancement was sped up, but at the cost of
corrupting the resulting index.

Regrettably, this means that the new feature in PG14 that RIC/CIC on
very large tables no longer force VACUUM to retain very old tuples goes
away.  We might try to implement it again in a later release, but for
now the risk of indexes missing tuples is too high and there's no easy
fix.

Backpatch to 14, where this change appeared.
Reported-by: Peter Slavov <pet.slavov@gmail.com>
Diagnosys-by: Andrey Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru>
Diagnosys-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Diagnosys-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17485-396609c6925b982d%40postgresql.org

We hadn't noticed this because (a) few people feed invalid
timezone abbreviation files to the server, and (b) in typical
scenarios guc.c would throw ereport(ERROR) and then transaction
abort handling would silently clean up the leaked file reference.
However, it was possible to observe file leakage warnings if one
breaks an already-active abbreviation file, because guc.c does
not throw ERROR when loading supposedly-validated settings during
session start or SIGHUP processing.

Report and fix by Kyotaro Horiguchi (cosmetic adjustments by me)

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20220530.173740.748502979257582392.horikyota.ntt@gmail.com

runtime.sgml contains a passing reference to the minimum server
version that pg_dump[all] can dump from.  That was 7.0 for many
years, but when 64f3524e raised it to 8.0, we missed updating this
bit.  Then when 30e7c175b raised it to 9.2, we missed it again.

Given that track record, I'm not too hopeful that we'll remember
to fix this in future changes ... but for now, make the docs match
reality in each branch.

Noted by Daniel Westermann.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/GV0P278MB041917EB3E2FE8704B5AE2C6D2DC9@GV0P278MB0419.CHEP278.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM

The information generated when track_activities is accessible to
superusers, roles with the privileges of pg_read_all_stats, as well as
roles one has the privileges of.  The original text did not outline the
last point, while the change done in ac1ae47 was unclear about the
second point.

Per discussion with Nathan Bossart.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20220521185743.GA886636@nathanxps13
Backpatch-through: 10

In the codepath when no encoding conversion is required, the check for
incomplete character at the end of input incorrectly used server
encoding's max character length, instead of the client's. Usually the
server and client encodings are the same when we're not performing
encoding conversion, but SQL_ASCII is an exception.

In the passing, also fix some outdated comments that still talked about
the old COPY protocol. It was removed in v14.

Per bug #17501 from Vitaly Voronov. Backpatch to v14 where this was
introduced.

Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/17501-128b1dd039362ae6@postgresql.org

The form taking anymultirange had not been documented.  This was
fixed in HEAD in b21c4cf95, but that should have been back-patched
to v14 since the function was added there.  Do so now.

Also, the form taking anyrange was incorrectly documented as
returning anymultirange, when it returns anyrange.

Remove b21c4cf95 from the v15 release notes, since it no longer
qualifies as new-in-v15.

Noted by Shay Rojansky.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADT4RqAktzP7t6SFf0Xqm9YhahzvsmxFbzXe-gFOd=+_CHm0JA@mail.gmail.com

If a short description is specified as NULL in one of the various
DefineCustomXXXVariable() functions available to external modules to
define a custom parameter, SHOW ALL would crash.  This change teaches
SHOW ALL to properly handle NULL short descriptions, as well as any code
paths that manipulate it, to gain in flexibility.  Note that
help_config.c was already able to do that, when describing a set of GUCs
for postgres --describe-config.

Author: Steve Chavez
Reviewed by: Nathan Bossart, Andres Freund, Michael Paquier, Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAGRrpzY6hO-Kmykna_XvsTv8P2DshGiU6G3j8yGao4mk0CqjHA%40mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 10

Commits a59c79564 et al. tried to sync libpq's SSL key file
permissions checks with what we've used for years in the backend.
We did not intend to create any new failure cases, but it turns out
we did: restricting the key file's ownership breaks cases where the
client is allowed to read a key file despite not having the identical
UID.  In particular a client running as root used to be able to read
someone else's key file; and having seen that I suspect that there are
other, less-dubious use cases that this restriction breaks on some
platforms.

We don't really need an ownership check, since if we can read the key
file despite its having restricted permissions, it must have the right
ownership --- under normal conditions anyway, and the point of this
patch is that any additional corner cases where that works should be
deemed allowable, as they have been historically.  Hence, just drop
the ownership check, and rearrange the permissions check to get rid
of its faulty assumption that geteuid() can't be zero.  (Note that the
comparable backend-side code doesn't have to cater for geteuid() == 0,
since the server rejects that very early on.)

This does have the end result that the permissions safety check used
for a root user's private key file is weaker than that used for
anyone else's.  While odd, root really ought to know what she's doing
with file permissions, so I think this is acceptable.

Per report from Yogendra Suralkar.  Like the previous patch,
back-patch to all supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/MW3PR15MB3931DF96896DC36D21AFD47CA3D39@MW3PR15MB3931.namprd15.prod.outlook.com

Foreign tables can be partitioned, but previous documentation commits
left the syntax synopsis both incomplete and incorrect.

Justin Pryzby and Amit Langote

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/20220521130922.GX19626@telsasoft.com

ruleutils.c was coded to suppress the AS label for a SELECT output
expression if the column name is "?column?", which is the parser's
fallback if it can't think of something better.  This is fine, and
avoids ugly clutter, so long as (1) nothing further up in the parse
tree relies on that column name or (2) the same fallback would be
assigned when the rule or view definition is reloaded.  Unfortunately
(2) is far from certain, both because ruleutils.c might print the
expression in a different form from how it was originally written
and because FigureColname's rules might change in future releases.
So we shouldn't rely on that.

Detecting exactly whether there is any outer-level use of a SELECT
column name would be rather expensive.  This patch takes the simpler
approach of just passing down a flag indicating whether there *could*
be any outer use; for example, the output column names of a SubLink
are not referenceable, and we also do not care about the names exposed
by the right-hand side of a setop.  This is sufficient to suppress
unwanted clutter in all but one case in the regression tests.  That
seems like reasonable evidence that it won't be too much in users'
faces, while still fixing the cases we need to fix.

Per bug #17486 from Nicolas Lutic.  This issue is ancient, so
back-patch to all supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17486-1ad6fd786728b8af@postgresql.org

The description of track_activities mentioned that it is visible to
superusers and that the information related to the current session can
be seen, without telling about pg_read_all_stats.  Roles that are
granted the privileges of pg_read_all_stats can also see this
information, so mention it in the docs.

Author: Ian Barwick
Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAB8KJ=jhPyYFu-A5r-ZGP+Ax715mUKsMxAGcEQ9Cx_mBAmrPow@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 10

When an implicit operator family is created, it wasn't getting reported.
Make it do so.

This has always been missing.  Backpatch to 10.

Author: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Leslie LEMAIRE <leslie.lemaire@developpement-durable.gouv.fr>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquiër <michael@paquier.xyz>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/f74d69e151b22171e8829551b1159e77@developpement-durable.gouv.fr

It wasn't previously mentioned that the index is created as invalid,
which is confusing to new users.

Backpatch to 14 (only because of a conflict in 13).

Author: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at>
Reported-by: Lauren Fliksteen <dancernerd32@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rajakavitha Kodhandapani <krajakavitha@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/165290238488.670.7500177735573254738@wrigleys.postgresql.org

The documentation didn't specify the name of the per-user service file
on Windows, and extrapolating from the pattern used for other config
files gave the wrong answer.  The fact that it isn't consistent with the
others sure seems like a bug, but it's far too late to change that now;
we'd just penalize people who worked it out in the past.  So, simply
document the true state of affairs.

In passing, fix some gratuitous differences between the discussions
of the service file and the password file.

Julien Rouhaud, per question from Dominique Devienne.

Backpatch to all supported branches.  I (tgl) also chose to back-patch
the part of commit ba356a39 that touched libpq.sgml's description of
the service file --- in hindsight, I'm not sure why I didn't do so at
the time, as it includes some fairly essential information.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFCRh-_mdLrh8eYVzhRzu4c8bAFEBn=rwoHOmFJcQOTsCy5nig@mail.gmail.com

This is a slight, convenient semantics change from what commit
0f0cfb494004 ("Fix parallel operations that prevent oldest xmin from
advancing") introduced that lets us simplify the coding in the one place
where it is used.

Backpatch to 13.  This is related to commit 6fea65508a1a ("Tighten
ComputeXidHorizons' handling of walsenders") rewriting the code site
where this is used, which has not yet been backpatched, but it may well
be in the future.
Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202204191637.eldwa2exvguw@alvherre.pgsql

Reported-by: Peter Eisentraut
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/0635f5aa-4973-8dc2-4e4e-df9fd5778a65@enterprisedb.com
Backpatch-through: 14, where Memoize was added

Commit 0fbf01120023 should have updated them but didn't.

We weren't checking the length of the column list in the alias clause of
an XMLTABLE or JSON_TABLE function (a "tablefunc" RTE), and it was
possible to make the server crash by passing an overly long one.  Fix it
by throwing an error in that case, like the other places that deal with
alias lists.

In passing, modify the equivalent test used for join RTEs to look like
the other ones, which was different for no apparent reason.

This bug came in when XMLTABLE was born in version 10; backpatch to all
stable versions.
Reported-by: Wang Ke <krking@zju.edu.cn>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17480-1c9d73565bb28e90@postgresql.org

In order to estimate the cache hit ratio of a Memoize node, one of the
inputs we require is the estimated number of times the Memoize node will
be rescanned.  The higher this number, the large the cache hit ratio is
likely to become.  Unfortunately, the value being passed as the number of
"calls" to the Memoize was incorrectly using the Nested Loop's
outer_path->parent->rows instead of outer_path->rows.  This failed to
account for the fact that the outer_path might be parameterized by some
upper-level Nested Loop.

This problem could lead to Memoize plans appearing more favorable than
they might actually be.  It could also lead to extended executor startup
times when work_mem values were large due to the planner setting overly
large MemoizePath->est_entries resulting in the Memoize hash table being
initially made much larger than might be required.

Fix this simply by passing outer_path->rows rather than
outer_path->parent->rows.  Also, adjust the expected regression test
output for a plan change.

Reported-by: Pavel Stehule
Author: David Rowley
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFj8pRAMp%3DQsMi6sPQJ4W3hczoFJRvyXHJV3AZAZaMyTVM312Q%40mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 14, where Memoize was introduced

If a cluster is promoted (aka the control file shows a state different
than DB_IN_ARCHIVE_RECOVERY) while CreateRestartPoint() is still
processing, this function could miss an update of the control file for
"checkPoint" and "checkPointCopy" but still do the recycling and/or
removal of the past WAL segments, assuming that the to-be-updated LSN
values should be used as reference points for the cleanup.  This causes
a follow-up restart attempting crash recovery to fail with a PANIC on a
missing checkpoint record if the end-of-recovery checkpoint triggered by
the promotion did not complete while the cluster abruptly stopped or
crashed before the completion of this checkpoint.  The PANIC would be
caused by the redo LSN referred in the control file as located in a
segment already gone, recycled by the previous restartpoint with
"checkPoint" out-of-sync in the control file.

This commit fixes the update of the control file during restartpoints so
as "checkPoint" and "checkPointCopy" are updated even if the cluster has
been promoted while a restartpoint is running, to be on par with the set
of WAL segments actually recycled in the end of CreateRestartPoint().

7863ee4 has fixed this problem already on master, but the release timing
of the latest point versions did not let me enough time to study and fix
that on all the stable branches.

Reported-by: Fujii Masao, Rui Zhao
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi
Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20220316.102444.2193181487576617583.horikyota.ntt@gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 10

This follows in the footsteps of commit 2591ee8ec by removing one more
ill-advised shortcut from planning of GroupingFuncs.  It's true that
we don't intend to execute the argument expression(s) at runtime, but
we still have to process any Vars appearing within them, or we risk
failure at setrefs.c time (or more fundamentally, in EXPLAIN trying
to print such an expression).  Vars in upper plan nodes have to have
referents in the next plan level, whether we ever execute 'em or not.

Per bug #17479 from Michael J. Sullivan.  Back-patch to all supported
branches.

Richard Guo

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17479-6260deceaf0ad304@postgresql.org

The problem is that we don't send keep-alive messages for a long time
while processing large transactions during logical replication where we
don't send any data of such transactions. This can happen when the table
modified in the transaction is not published or because all the changes
got filtered. We do try to send the keep_alive if necessary at the end of
the transaction (via WalSndWriteData()) but by that time the
subscriber-side can timeout and exit.

To fix this we try to send the keepalive message if required after
processing certain threshold of changes.

Reported-by: Fabrice Chapuis
Author: Wang wei and Amit Kapila
Reviewed By: Masahiko Sawada, Euler Taveira, Hou Zhijie, Hayato Kuroda
Backpatch-through: 10
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA5-nLARN7-3SLU_QUxfy510pmrYK6JJb=bk3hcgemAM_pAv+w@mail.gmail.com

The current setup assumes that commands for lz4, zstd and gzip always
exist by default if not enforced by a user's environment.  However,
vcpkg, as one example, installs libraries but no binaries, so this
default setup to assume that a command should always be present would
cause failures.  This commit improves the detection of such external
commands as follows:
* If a ENV value is available, trust the environment/user and use it.
* If a ENV value is not available, check its execution by looking in the
current PATH, by launching a simple "$command --version" (that should be
portable enough).
** On execution failure, ignore ENV{command}.
** On execution success, set ENV{command} = "$command".

Note that this new rule applies to gzip, lz4 and zstd but not tar that
we assume will always exist.  Those commands are set up in the
environment only when using bincheck and taptest.  The CI includes all
those commands and I have checked that their setup is correct there.  I
have also tested this change in a MSVC environment where we have none of
those commands.

While on it, remove the references to lz4 from the documentation and
vcregress.pl in ~v13.  --with-lz4 has been added in v14~ so there is no
point to have this information in these older branches.

Reported-by: Andrew Dunstan
Reviewed-by: Andrew Dunstan
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/14402151-376b-a57a-6d0c-10ad12608e12@dunslane.net
Backpatch-through: 10

In OpenLDAP 2.5 and later, libldap itself is always thread-safe and
there's never a libldap_r.  Our existing coding dealt with that
by assuming it wouldn't find libldap_r if libldap is thread-safe.
But that rule fails to cope if there are multiple OpenLDAP versions
visible, as is likely to be the case on macOS in particular.  We'd
end up using shiny new libldap in the backend and a hoary libldap_r
in libpq.

Instead, once we've found libldap, check if it's >= 2.5 (by
probing for a function introduced then) and don't bother looking
for libldap_r if so.  While one can imagine library setups that
this'd still give the wrong answer for, they seem unlikely to
occur in practice.

Per report from Peter Eisentraut.  Back-patch to all supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/fedacd7c-2a38-25c9-e7ff-dea549d0e979@enterprisedb.com

Security: CVE-2022-1552

The parser code that transformed VALUES from row-oriented to
column-oriented lists failed if there were zero columns.
You can't write that straightforwardly (though probably you
should be able to), but the case can be reached by expanding
a "tab.*" reference to a zero-column table.

Per bug #17477 from Wang Ke.  Back-patch to all supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17477-0af3c6ac6b0a6ae0@postgresql.org

This reverts commit eafdf9de06e9b60168f5e47cedcfceecdc6d4b5f
and its back-branch counterparts.  Corey Huinker pointed out that
we'd discussed this exact change back in 2016 and rejected it,
on the grounds that there's at least one usage pattern with LIMIT
where an infinite endpoint can usefully be used.  Perhaps that
argument needs to be re-litigated, but there's no time left before
our back-branch releases.  To keep our options open, restore the
status quo ante; if we do end up deciding to change things, waiting
one more quarter won't hurt anything.

Rather than just doing a straight revert, I added a new test case
demonstrating the usage with LIMIT.  That'll at least remind us of
the issue if we forget again.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3603504.1652068977@sss.pgh.pa.us
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADkLM=dzw0Pvdqp5yWKxMd+VmNkAMhG=4ku7GnCZxebWnzmz3Q@mail.gmail.com

It intended to, but did not, achieve this.  Adopt the new standard of
setting user ID just after locking the relation.  Back-patch to v10 (all
supported versions).

Reviewed by Simon Riggs.  Reported by Alvaro Herrera.

Security: CVE-2022-1552

When a feature enumerates relations and runs functions associated with
all found relations, the feature's user shall not need to trust every
user having permission to create objects.  BRIN-specific functionality
in autovacuum neglected to account for this, as did pg_amcheck and
CLUSTER.  An attacker having permission to create non-temp objects in at
least one schema could execute arbitrary SQL functions under the
identity of the bootstrap superuser.  CREATE INDEX (not a
relation-enumerating operation) and REINDEX protected themselves too
late.  This change extends to the non-enumerating amcheck interface.
Back-patch to v10 (all supported versions).

Sergey Shinderuk, reviewed (in earlier versions) by Alexander Lakhin.
Reported by Alexander Lakhin.

Security: CVE-2022-1552

Source-Git-URL: https://git.postgresql.org/git/pgtranslation/messages.git
Source-Git-Hash: b7586f1542a8ffdfd1416e425f55e4e89c9a9505

f40d362a disabled part of 031_recovery_conflict.pl due to instability
that's not trivial to fix in the back branches. That fixed most of the
issues. But there was one more failure (on lapwing / REL_10_STABLE).

That failure looks like it might be caused by a genuine problem. Disable the
test until after the set of releases, to avoid packagers etc potentially
having to fight with a test failure they can't do anything about.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3447060.1652032749@sss.pgh.pa.us
Backpatch: 10-14

Per buildfarm members tadarida, snapper, and kittiwake.  Back-patch to
v10 (all supported versions).

Per buildfarm members snapper and kittiwake.  Back-patch to v10 (all
supported versions).

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20220116210241.GC756210@rfd.leadboat.com

The recovery deadlock test has a timing issue that was fixed in 5136967f in
HEAD. Unfortunately the same fix doesn't quite work in the back branches: 1)
adjust_conf() doesn't exist, which is easy enough to work around 2) a restart
cleares the recovery conflict stats < 15.

These issues can be worked around, but given the upcoming set of minor
releases, skip the problematic test for now. The buildfarm doesn't show
failures in other parts of 031_recovery_conflict.pl.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20220506155827.dfnaheq6ufylwrqf@alap3.anarazel.de
Backpatch: 10-14