recovery instead of reading the backup history file. This is more robust,
as it stops you from prematurely starting up an inconsisten cluster if the
backup history file is lost for some reason, or if the base backup was
never finished with pg_stop_backup().

This also paves the way for a simpler streaming replication patch, which
doesn't need to care about backup history files anymore.

The backup history file is still created and archived as before, but it's
not used by the system anymore. It's just for informational purposes now.

Bump PG_CONTROL_VERSION as the location of the backup startpoint is now
written to a new field in pg_control, and catversion because initdb is
required

Original patch by Fujii Masao per Simon's idea, with further fixes by me.

"column < constant", and the comparison value is in the first or last
histogram bin or outside the histogram entirely, try to fetch the actual
column min or max value using an index scan (if there is an index on the
column).  If successful, replace the lower or upper histogram bound with
that value before carrying on with the estimate.  This limits the
estimation error caused by moving min/max values when the comparison
value is close to the min or max.  Per a complaint from Josh Berkus.

It is tempting to consider using this mechanism for mergejoinscansel as well,
but that would inject index fetches into main-line join estimation not just
endpoint cases.  I'm refraining from that until we can get a better handle
on the costs of doing this type of lookup.

indexscans would do the wrong thing if index_rescan() was called with a
NULL instead of a new set of scankeys and the index was DESC order,
because sk_strategy would not get flipped a second time.  I think
that those provisions for a NULL argument are dead code now as far as the
core backend goes, but possibly somebody somewhere is still using it.
In any case, this refactoring seems clearer, and it's definitely shorter.

This is needed to avoid unwanted interference with SUBSTRING behavior,
as per bug #5257 from Roman Kononov.  Also, add some basic intelligence
about character classes (bracket expressions) since we now have several
behaviors that aren't appropriate inside a character class.

As with the previous patch in this area, I'm reluctant to back-patch
since it might affect applications that are relying on the prior
behavior.

expressions: FormIndexDatum requires the estate's scantuple to already point
at the tuple the values are supposedly being extracted from.  Adjust test
case so that this type of confusion will be exposed.
Per report from hubert depesz lubaczewski.

variable it's stored in. We know this can never happen. Per discussion.

Tsutomu Yamada

Tsutomu Yamada

Tsutomu Yamada

Tsutomu Yamada

8.2beta but never carried out.  This avoids repetitive tests of whether the
argument is of scalar or composite type.  Also, be a bit more paranoid about
composite arguments in some places where we previously weren't checking.

to be just a minor extension of the previous patch that made "x IS NULL"
indexable, because we can treat the IS NOT NULL condition as if it were
"x < NULL" or "x > NULL" (depending on the index's NULLS FIRST/LAST option),
just like IS NULL is treated like "x = NULL".  Aside from any possible
usefulness in its own right, this is an important improvement for
index-optimized MAX/MIN aggregates: it is now reliably possible to get
a column's min or max value cheaply, even when there are a lot of nulls
cluttering the interesting end of the index.

project files.

Based on the work of Tsutomu Yamada, but much refactored.

MSVCRxx runtime, not just the current + Visual Studio 6 (MSVCRT). Clearly
there can be an almost unlimited number of runtimes loaded at the same
time.

Per report from Hiroshi Inoue

This is more in keeping with modern practice, and is a first step towards
porting to Win64 (which has sizeof(pointer) > sizeof(long)).

Tsutomu Yamada, Magnus Hagander, Tom Lane

This reflects the recently added support for triggers on columns.

pgstats message.  This might need to be done differently later, but
with the current logic that's what should happen.

decisions about when to auto-analyze.

The previous code depended on n_live_tuples + n_dead_tuples - last_anl_tuples,
where all three of these numbers could be bad estimates from ANALYZE itself.
Even worse, in the presence of a steady flow of HOT updates and matching
HOT-tuple reclamations, auto-analyze might never trigger at all, even if all
three numbers are exactly right, because n_dead_tuples could hold steady.

To fix, replace last_anl_tuples with an accurately tracked count of the total
number of committed tuple inserts + updates + deletes since the last ANALYZE
on the table.  This can still be compared to the same threshold as before, but
it's much more trustworthy than the old computation.  Tracking this requires
one more intra-transaction counter per modified table within backends, but no
additional memory space in the stats collector.  There probably isn't any
measurable speed difference; if anything it might be a bit faster than before,
since I was able to eliminate some per-tuple arithmetic operations in favor of
adding sums once per (sub)transaction.

Also, simplify the logic around pgstat vacuum and analyze reporting messages
by not trying to fold VACUUM ANALYZE into a single pgstat message.

The original thought behind this patch was to allow scheduling of analyzes
on parent tables by artificially inflating their changes_since_analyze count.
I've left that for a separate patch since this change seems to stand on its
own merit.

when building several files at once (e.g.,
gmake postgres-A4.pdf postgres-US.pdf).

of MSVC when detecting MSVC version.

Hiroshi Inoue

it in the control file at crash recovery following an archive recovery.

Per Fujii Masao and subsequent discussion.

at least in some Windows versions, these functions are capable of returning
a failure indication without setting errno.  That puts us into an infinite
loop if the previous value happened to be EINTR.  Per report from Brendan
Hill.

Back-patch to 8.2.  We could take it further back, but since this is only
known to be an issue on Windows and we don't support Windows before 8.2,
it does not seem worth the trouble.

Since the int2vector type is intended only for internal use, this patch doesn't
worry about prettifying the error messages, which has the fringe benefit of
avoiding creating additional translatable strings.  For a type intended to be
used by end-users, we would want to do better, but the approach taken here
seems like the correct trade-off for this case.

Caleb Welton

find_inheritance_children().  This is a complete no-op in databases without
any inheritance.  In databases where there are just a few entries in
pg_inherits, it could conceivably be a small loss.  However, in databases with
many inheritance parents, it can be a big win.

and teach ANALYZE to compute such stats for tables that have subclasses.
Per my proposal of yesterday.

autovacuum still needs to be taught about running ANALYZE on parent tables
when their subclasses change, but the feature is useful even without that.

PL/pgSQL function within an exception handler. Make sure we use the right
resource owner when we create the tuplestore to hold returned tuples.

Simplify tuplestore API so that the caller doesn't need to be in the right
memory context when calling tuplestore_put* functions. tuplestore.c
automatically switches to the memory context used when the tuplestore was
created. Tuplesort was already modified like this earlier. This patch also
removes the now useless MemoryContextSwitch calls from callers.

Report by Aleksei on pgsql-bugs on Dec 22 2009. Backpatch to 8.1, like
the previous patch that broke this.