Refactor client-side SSL certificate checking code

Separate the parts specific to the SSL library from the general logic.

The previous code structure was

open_client_SSL()
calls verify_peer_name_matches_certificate()
calls verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name()
calls wildcard_certificate_match()

and was completely in fe-secure-openssl.c.  The new structure is

open_client_SSL() [openssl]
calls pq_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate() [generic]
calls pgtls_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_guts() [openssl]
calls openssl_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name() [openssl]
calls pq_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name() [generic]
calls wildcard_certificate_match() [generic]

Move the generic functions into a new file fe-secure-common.c, so the
calls generally go fe-connect.c -> fe-secure.c -> fe-secure-${impl}.c ->
fe-secure-common.c, although there is a bit of back-and-forth between
the last two.
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>

src/interfaces/libpq/Makefile

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ OBJS += encnames.o wchar.o
 OBJS += base64.o ip.o md5.o scram-common.o saslprep.o unicode_norm.o
 
 ifeq ($(with_openssl),yes)
-OBJS += fe-secure-openssl.o sha2_openssl.o
+OBJS += fe-secure-openssl.o fe-secure-common.o sha2_openssl.o
 else
 OBJS += sha2.o
 endif

src/interfaces/libpq/fe-secure-common.c

+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * fe-secure-common.c
+ *
+ * common implementation-independent SSL support code
+ *
+ * While fe-secure.c contains the interfaces that the rest of libpq call, this
+ * file contains support routines that are used by the library-specific
+ * implementations such as fe-secure-openssl.c.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2018, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ *	  src/interfaces/libpq/fe-secure-common.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres_fe.h"
+
+#include "fe-secure-common.h"
+
+#include "libpq-int.h"
+#include "pqexpbuffer.h"
+
+/*
+ * Check if a wildcard certificate matches the server hostname.
+ *
+ * The rule for this is:
+ *	1. We only match the '*' character as wildcard
+ *	2. We match only wildcards at the start of the string
+ *	3. The '*' character does *not* match '.', meaning that we match only
+ *	   a single pathname component.
+ *	4. We don't support more than one '*' in a single pattern.
+ *
+ * This is roughly in line with RFC2818, but contrary to what most browsers
+ * appear to be implementing (point 3 being the difference)
+ *
+ * Matching is always case-insensitive, since DNS is case insensitive.
+ */
+static bool
+wildcard_certificate_match(const char *pattern, const char *string)
+{
+	int			lenpat = strlen(pattern);
+	int			lenstr = strlen(string);
+
+	/* If we don't start with a wildcard, it's not a match (rule 1 & 2) */
+	if (lenpat < 3 ||
+		pattern[0] != '*' ||
+		pattern[1] != '.')
+		return false;
+
+	/* If pattern is longer than the string, we can never match */
+	if (lenpat > lenstr)
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * If string does not end in pattern (minus the wildcard), we don't match
+	 */
+	if (pg_strcasecmp(pattern + 1, string + lenstr - lenpat + 1) != 0)
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is a dot left of where the pattern started to match, we don't
+	 * match (rule 3)
+	 */
+	if (strchr(string, '.') < string + lenstr - lenpat)
+		return false;
+
+	/* String ended with pattern, and didn't have a dot before, so we match */
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if a name from a server's certificate matches the peer's hostname.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if the name matches, and 0 if it does not. On error, returns
+ * -1, and sets the libpq error message.
+ *
+ * The name extracted from the certificate is returned in *store_name. The
+ * caller is responsible for freeing it.
+ */
+int
+pq_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(PGconn *conn,
+											 const char *namedata, size_t namelen,
+											 char **store_name)
+{
+	char	   *name;
+	int			result;
+	char	   *host = PQhost(conn);
+
+	*store_name = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * There is no guarantee the string returned from the certificate is
+	 * NULL-terminated, so make a copy that is.
+	 */
+	name = malloc(namelen + 1);
+	if (name == NULL)
+	{
+		printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
+						  libpq_gettext("out of memory\n"));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	memcpy(name, namedata, namelen);
+	name[namelen] = '\0';
+
+	/*
+	 * Reject embedded NULLs in certificate common or alternative name to
+	 * prevent attacks like CVE-2009-4034.
+	 */
+	if (namelen != strlen(name))
+	{
+		free(name);
+		printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
+						  libpq_gettext("SSL certificate's name contains embedded null\n"));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (pg_strcasecmp(name, host) == 0)
+	{
+		/* Exact name match */
+		result = 1;
+	}
+	else if (wildcard_certificate_match(name, host))
+	{
+		/* Matched wildcard name */
+		result = 1;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		result = 0;
+	}
+
+	*store_name = name;
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify that the server certificate matches the hostname we connected to.
+ *
+ * The certificate's Common Name and Subject Alternative Names are considered.
+ */
+bool
+pq_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate(PGconn *conn)
+{
+	char	   *host = PQhost(conn);
+	int			rc;
+	int			names_examined = 0;
+	char	   *first_name = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * If told not to verify the peer name, don't do it. Return true
+	 * indicating that the verification was successful.
+	 */
+	if (strcmp(conn->sslmode, "verify-full") != 0)
+		return true;
+
+	/* Check that we have a hostname to compare with. */
+	if (!(host && host[0] != '\0'))
+	{
+		printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
+						  libpq_gettext("host name must be specified for a verified SSL connection\n"));
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	rc = pgtls_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_guts(conn, &names_examined, &first_name);
+
+	if (rc == 0)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * No match. Include the name from the server certificate in the error
+		 * message, to aid debugging broken configurations. If there are
+		 * multiple names, only print the first one to avoid an overly long
+		 * error message.
+		 */
+		if (names_examined > 1)
+		{
+			printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
+							  libpq_ngettext("server certificate for \"%s\" (and %d other name) does not match host name \"%s\"\n",
+											 "server certificate for \"%s\" (and %d other names) does not match host name \"%s\"\n",
+											 names_examined - 1),
+							  first_name, names_examined - 1, host);
+		}
+		else if (names_examined == 1)
+		{
+			printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
+							  libpq_gettext("server certificate for \"%s\" does not match host name \"%s\"\n"),
+							  first_name, host);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
+							  libpq_gettext("could not get server's host name from server certificate\n"));
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* clean up */
+	if (first_name)
+		free(first_name);
+
+	return (rc == 1);
+}

src/interfaces/libpq/fe-secure-common.h

+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * fe-secure-common.h
+ *
+ * common implementation-independent SSL support code
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2018, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ *	  src/interfaces/libpq/fe-secure-common.h
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#ifndef FE_SECURE_COMMON_H
+#define FE_SECURE_COMMON_H
+
+#include "libpq-fe.h"
+
+extern int pq_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(PGconn *conn,
+											 const char *namedata, size_t namelen,
+											 char **store_name);
+extern bool pq_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate(PGconn *conn);
+
+#endif							/* FE_SECURE_COMMON_H */

src/interfaces/libpq/fe-secure-openssl.c

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "fe-auth.h"
+#include "fe-secure-common.h"
 #include "libpq-int.h"
 
 #ifdef WIN32
@@ -60,9 +61,8 @@
 #endif
 #include <openssl/x509v3.h>
 
-static bool verify_peer_name_matches_certificate(PGconn *);
 static int	verify_cb(int ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx);
-static int verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(PGconn *conn,
+static int openssl_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(PGconn *conn,
 										  ASN1_STRING *name,
 										  char **store_name);
 static void destroy_ssl_system(void);
@@ -492,76 +492,16 @@ verify_cb(int ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
 
 
 /*
- * Check if a wildcard certificate matches the server hostname.
- *
- * The rule for this is:
- *	1. We only match the '*' character as wildcard
- *	2. We match only wildcards at the start of the string
- *	3. The '*' character does *not* match '.', meaning that we match only
- *	   a single pathname component.
- *	4. We don't support more than one '*' in a single pattern.
- *
- * This is roughly in line with RFC2818, but contrary to what most browsers
- * appear to be implementing (point 3 being the difference)
- *
- * Matching is always case-insensitive, since DNS is case insensitive.
- */
-static int
-wildcard_certificate_match(const char *pattern, const char *string)
-{
-	int			lenpat = strlen(pattern);
-	int			lenstr = strlen(string);
-
-	/* If we don't start with a wildcard, it's not a match (rule 1 & 2) */
-	if (lenpat < 3 ||
-		pattern[0] != '*' ||
-		pattern[1] != '.')
-		return 0;
-
-	if (lenpat > lenstr)
-		/* If pattern is longer than the string, we can never match */
-		return 0;
-
-	if (pg_strcasecmp(pattern + 1, string + lenstr - lenpat + 1) != 0)
-
-		/*
-		 * If string does not end in pattern (minus the wildcard), we don't
-		 * match
-		 */
-		return 0;
-
-	if (strchr(string, '.') < string + lenstr - lenpat)
-
-		/*
-		 * If there is a dot left of where the pattern started to match, we
-		 * don't match (rule 3)
-		 */
-		return 0;
-
-	/* String ended with pattern, and didn't have a dot before, so we match */
-	return 1;
-}
-
-/*
- * Check if a name from a server's certificate matches the peer's hostname.
- *
- * Returns 1 if the name matches, and 0 if it does not. On error, returns
- * -1, and sets the libpq error message.
- *
- * The name extracted from the certificate is returned in *store_name. The
- * caller is responsible for freeing it.
+ * OpenSSL-specific wrapper around
+ * pq_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(), converting the ASN1_STRING
+ * into a plain C string.
  */
 static int
-verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(PGconn *conn, ASN1_STRING *name_entry,
-										  char **store_name)
+openssl_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(PGconn *conn, ASN1_STRING *name_entry,
+												  char **store_name)
 {
 	int			len;
-	char	   *name;
 	const unsigned char *namedata;
-	int			result;
-	char	   *host = PQhost(conn);
-
-	*store_name = NULL;
 
 	/* Should not happen... */
 	if (name_entry == NULL)
@@ -573,9 +513,6 @@ verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(PGconn *conn, ASN1_STRING *name_entry,
 
 	/*
 	 * GEN_DNS can be only IA5String, equivalent to US ASCII.
-	 *
-	 * There is no guarantee the string returned from the certificate is
-	 * NULL-terminated, so make a copy that is.
 	 */
 #ifdef HAVE_ASN1_STRING_GET0_DATA
 	namedata = ASN1_STRING_get0_data(name_entry);
@@ -583,45 +520,9 @@ verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(PGconn *conn, ASN1_STRING *name_entry,
 	namedata = ASN1_STRING_data(name_entry);
 #endif
 	len = ASN1_STRING_length(name_entry);
-	name = malloc(len + 1);
-	if (name == NULL)
-	{
-		printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
-						  libpq_gettext("out of memory\n"));
-		return -1;
-	}
-	memcpy(name, namedata, len);
-	name[len] = '\0';
-
-	/*
-	 * Reject embedded NULLs in certificate common or alternative name to
-	 * prevent attacks like CVE-2009-4034.
-	 */
-	if (len != strlen(name))
-	{
-		free(name);
-		printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
-						  libpq_gettext("SSL certificate's name contains embedded null\n"));
-		return -1;
-	}
 
-	if (pg_strcasecmp(name, host) == 0)
-	{
-		/* Exact name match */
-		result = 1;
-	}
-	else if (wildcard_certificate_match(name, host))
-	{
-		/* Matched wildcard name */
-		result = 1;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		result = 0;
-	}
-
-	*store_name = name;
-	return result;
+	/* OK to cast from unsigned to plain char, since it's all ASCII. */
+	return pq_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(conn, (const char *) namedata, len, store_name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -629,33 +530,14 @@ verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(PGconn *conn, ASN1_STRING *name_entry,
  *
  * The certificate's Common Name and Subject Alternative Names are considered.
  */
-static bool
-verify_peer_name_matches_certificate(PGconn *conn)
+int
+pgtls_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_guts(PGconn *conn,
+												int *names_examined,
+												char **first_name)
 {
-	int			names_examined = 0;
-	bool		found_match = false;
-	bool		got_error = false;
-	char	   *first_name = NULL;
-
 	STACK_OF(GENERAL_NAME) *peer_san;
 	int			i;
-	int			rc;
-	char	   *host = PQhost(conn);
-
-	/*
-	 * If told not to verify the peer name, don't do it. Return true
-	 * indicating that the verification was successful.
-	 */
-	if (strcmp(conn->sslmode, "verify-full") != 0)
-		return true;
-
-	/* Check that we have a hostname to compare with. */
-	if (!(host && host[0] != '\0'))
-	{
-		printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
-						  libpq_gettext("host name must be specified for a verified SSL connection\n"));
-		return false;
-	}
+	int			rc = 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * First, get the Subject Alternative Names (SANs) from the certificate,
@@ -676,24 +558,20 @@ verify_peer_name_matches_certificate(PGconn *conn)
 			{
 				char	   *alt_name;
 
-				names_examined++;
-				rc = verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(conn,
+				(*names_examined)++;
+				rc = openssl_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(conn,
 															   name->d.dNSName,
 															   &alt_name);
-				if (rc == -1)
-					got_error = true;
-				if (rc == 1)
-					found_match = true;
 
 				if (alt_name)
 				{
-					if (!first_name)
-						first_name = alt_name;
+					if (!*first_name)
+						*first_name = alt_name;
 					else
 						free(alt_name);
 				}
 			}
-			if (found_match || got_error)
+			if (rc != 0)
 				break;
 		}
 		sk_GENERAL_NAME_free(peer_san);
@@ -706,7 +584,7 @@ verify_peer_name_matches_certificate(PGconn *conn)
 	 * (Per RFC 2818 and RFC 6125, if the subjectAltName extension of type
 	 * dNSName is present, the CN must be ignored.)
 	 */
-	if (names_examined == 0)
+	if (*names_examined == 0)
 	{
 		X509_NAME  *subject_name;
 
@@ -719,55 +597,17 @@ verify_peer_name_matches_certificate(PGconn *conn)
 												  NID_commonName, -1);
 			if (cn_index >= 0)
 			{
-				names_examined++;
-				rc = verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(
+				(*names_examined)++;
+				rc = openssl_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_name(
 															   conn,
 															   X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(
 																						X509_NAME_get_entry(subject_name, cn_index)),
-															   &first_name);
-
-				if (rc == -1)
-					got_error = true;
-				else if (rc == 1)
-					found_match = true;
+															   first_name);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!found_match && !got_error)
-	{
-		/*
-		 * No match. Include the name from the server certificate in the error
-		 * message, to aid debugging broken configurations. If there are
-		 * multiple names, only print the first one to avoid an overly long
-		 * error message.
-		 */
-		if (names_examined > 1)
-		{
-			printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
-							  libpq_ngettext("server certificate for \"%s\" (and %d other name) does not match host name \"%s\"\n",
-											 "server certificate for \"%s\" (and %d other names) does not match host name \"%s\"\n",
-											 names_examined - 1),
-							  first_name, names_examined - 1, host);
-		}
-		else if (names_examined == 1)
-		{
-			printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
-							  libpq_gettext("server certificate for \"%s\" does not match host name \"%s\"\n"),
-							  first_name, host);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
-							  libpq_gettext("could not get server's host name from server certificate\n"));
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* clean up */
-	if (first_name)
-		free(first_name);
-
-	return found_match && !got_error;
+	return rc;
 }
 
 #if defined(ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY) && defined(HAVE_CRYPTO_LOCK)
@@ -1441,7 +1281,7 @@ open_client_SSL(PGconn *conn)
 		return PGRES_POLLING_FAILED;
 	}
 
-	if (!verify_peer_name_matches_certificate(conn))
+	if (!pq_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate(conn))
 	{
 		pgtls_close(conn);
 		return PGRES_POLLING_FAILED;

src/interfaces/libpq/libpq-int.h

@@ -732,6 +732,19 @@ extern char *pgtls_get_finished(PGconn *conn, size_t *len);
  */
 extern char *pgtls_get_peer_certificate_hash(PGconn *conn, size_t *len);
 
+/*
+ * Verify that the server certificate matches the host name we connected to.
+ *
+ * The certificate's Common Name and Subject Alternative Names are considered.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if the name matches, and 0 if it does not. On error, returns
+ * -1, and sets the libpq error message.
+ *
+ */
+extern int pgtls_verify_peer_name_matches_certificate_guts(PGconn *conn,
+														   int *names_examined,
+														   char **first_name);
+
 /* === miscellaneous macros === */
 
 /*

src/interfaces/libpq/nls.mk

 # src/interfaces/libpq/nls.mk
 CATALOG_NAME     = libpq
 AVAIL_LANGUAGES  = cs de es fr he it ja ko pl pt_BR ru sv tr zh_CN zh_TW
-GETTEXT_FILES    = fe-auth.c fe-auth-scram.c fe-connect.c fe-exec.c fe-lobj.c fe-misc.c fe-protocol2.c fe-protocol3.c fe-secure.c fe-secure-openssl.c win32.c
+GETTEXT_FILES    = fe-auth.c fe-auth-scram.c fe-connect.c fe-exec.c fe-lobj.c fe-misc.c fe-protocol2.c fe-protocol3.c fe-secure.c fe-secure-common.c fe-secure-openssl.c win32.c
 GETTEXT_TRIGGERS = libpq_gettext pqInternalNotice:2
 GETTEXT_FLAGS    = libpq_gettext:1:pass-c-format pqInternalNotice:2:c-format

src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm

@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ sub mkvcbuild
    # building with OpenSSL.
 	if (!$solution->{options}->{openssl})
 	{
+		$libpq->RemoveFile('src/interfaces/libpq/fe-secure-common.c');
 		$libpq->RemoveFile('src/interfaces/libpq/fe-secure-openssl.c');
 		$libpq->RemoveFile('src/common/sha2_openssl.c');
 	}