Implement ALTER TABLE .. SET LOGGED / UNLOGGED

This enables changing permanent (logged) tables to unlogged and
vice-versa.

(Docs for ALTER TABLE / SET TABLESPACE got shuffled in an order that
hopefully makes more sense than the original.)

Author: Fabrízio de Royes Mello
Reviewed by: Christoph Berg, Andres Freund, Thom Brown
Some tweaking by Álvaro Herrera

doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable>
     SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
     SET WITH OIDS
     SET WITHOUT OIDS
+    SET TABLESPACE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">new_tablespace</replaceable>
+    SET {LOGGED | UNLOGGED}
     SET ( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">storage_parameter</replaceable> = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">value</replaceable> [, ... ] )
     RESET ( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">storage_parameter</replaceable> [, ... ] )
     INHERIT <replaceable class="PARAMETER">parent_table</replaceable>
@@ -70,7 +72,6 @@ ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable>
     OF <replaceable class="PARAMETER">type_name</replaceable>
     NOT OF
     OWNER TO <replaceable class="PARAMETER">new_owner</replaceable>
-    SET TABLESPACE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">new_tablespace</replaceable>
     REPLICA IDENTITY {DEFAULT | USING INDEX <replaceable class="PARAMETER">index_name</replaceable> | FULL | NOTHING}
 
 <phrase>and <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table_constraint_using_index</replaceable> is:</phrase>
@@ -478,6 +479,42 @@ ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
 
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><literal>SET TABLESPACE</literal></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      This form changes the table's tablespace to the specified tablespace and
+      moves the data file(s) associated with the table to the new tablespace.
+      Indexes on the table, if any, are not moved; but they can be moved
+      separately with additional <literal>SET TABLESPACE</literal> commands.
+      All tables in the current database in a tablespace can be moved by using
+      the <literal>ALL IN TABLESPACE</literal> form, which will lock all tables
+      to be moved first and then move each one.  This form also supports
+      <literal>OWNED BY</literal>, which will only move tables owned by the
+      roles specified.  If the <literal>NOWAIT</literal> option is specified
+      then the command will fail if it is unable to acquire all of the locks
+      required immediately.  Note that system catalogs are not moved by this
+      command, use <command>ALTER DATABASE</command> or explicit
+      <command>ALTER TABLE</command> invocations instead if desired.  The
+      <literal>information_schema</literal> relations are not considered part
+      of the system catalogs and will be moved.
+      See also
+      <xref linkend="SQL-CREATETABLESPACE">.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><literal>SET {LOGGED | UNLOGGED}</literal></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      This form changes the table from unlogged to logged or vice-versa
+      (see <xref linkend="SQL-CREATETABLE-UNLOGGED">).  It cannot be applied
+      to a temporary table.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
    <varlistentry>
     <term><literal>SET ( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">storage_parameter</replaceable> = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">value</replaceable> [, ... ] )</literal></term>
     <listitem>
@@ -591,31 +628,6 @@ ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
 
-   <varlistentry>
-    <term><literal>SET TABLESPACE</literal></term>
-    <listitem>
-     <para>
-      This form changes the table's tablespace to the specified tablespace and
-      moves the data file(s) associated with the table to the new tablespace.
-      Indexes on the table, if any, are not moved; but they can be moved
-      separately with additional <literal>SET TABLESPACE</literal> commands.
-      All tables in the current database in a tablespace can be moved by using
-      the <literal>ALL IN TABLESPACE</literal> form, which will lock all tables
-      to be moved first and then move each one.  This form also supports
-      <literal>OWNED BY</literal>, which will only move tables owned by the
-      roles specified.  If the <literal>NOWAIT</literal> option is specified
-      then the command will fail if it is unable to acquire all of the locks
-      required immediately.  Note that system catalogs are not moved by this
-      command, use <command>ALTER DATABASE</command> or explicit
-      <command>ALTER TABLE</command> invocations instead if desired.  The
-      <literal>information_schema</literal> relations are not considered part
-      of the system catalogs and will be moved.
-      See also
-      <xref linkend="SQL-CREATETABLESPACE">.
-     </para>
-    </listitem>
-   </varlistentry>
-
    <varlistentry id="SQL-CREATETABLE-REPLICA-IDENTITY">
     <term><literal>REPLICA IDENTITY</literal></term>
     <listitem>

src/backend/commands/cluster.c

@@ -574,7 +574,8 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Oid indexOid, bool verbose)
 	heap_close(OldHeap, NoLock);
 
 	/* Create the transient table that will receive the re-ordered data */
-	OIDNewHeap = make_new_heap(tableOid, tableSpace, false,
+	OIDNewHeap = make_new_heap(tableOid, tableSpace,
+							   OldHeap->rd_rel->relpersistence,
 							   AccessExclusiveLock);
 
 	/* Copy the heap data into the new table in the desired order */
@@ -595,13 +596,14 @@ rebuild_relation(Relation OldHeap, Oid indexOid, bool verbose)
  * Create the transient table that will be filled with new data during
  * CLUSTER, ALTER TABLE, and similar operations.  The transient table
  * duplicates the logical structure of the OldHeap, but is placed in
- * NewTableSpace which might be different from OldHeap's.
+ * NewTableSpace which might be different from OldHeap's.  Also, it's built
+ * with the specified persistence, which might differ from the original's.
  *
  * After this, the caller should load the new heap with transferred/modified
  * data, then call finish_heap_swap to complete the operation.
  */
 Oid
-make_new_heap(Oid OIDOldHeap, Oid NewTableSpace, bool forcetemp,
+make_new_heap(Oid OIDOldHeap, Oid NewTableSpace, char relpersistence,
 			  LOCKMODE lockmode)
 {
 	TupleDesc	OldHeapDesc;
@@ -613,7 +615,6 @@ make_new_heap(Oid OIDOldHeap, Oid NewTableSpace, bool forcetemp,
 	Datum		reloptions;
 	bool		isNull;
 	Oid			namespaceid;
-	char		relpersistence;
 
 	OldHeap = heap_open(OIDOldHeap, lockmode);
 	OldHeapDesc = RelationGetDescr(OldHeap);
@@ -636,16 +637,10 @@ make_new_heap(Oid OIDOldHeap, Oid NewTableSpace, bool forcetemp,
 	if (isNull)
 		reloptions = (Datum) 0;
 
-	if (forcetemp)
-	{
+	if (relpersistence == RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP)
 		namespaceid = LookupCreationNamespace("pg_temp");
-		relpersistence = RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP;
-	}
 	else
-	{
 		namespaceid = RelationGetNamespace(OldHeap);
-		relpersistence = OldHeap->rd_rel->relpersistence;
-	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Create the new heap, using a temporary name in the same namespace as
@@ -1109,8 +1104,10 @@ copy_heap_data(Oid OIDNewHeap, Oid OIDOldHeap, Oid OIDOldIndex, bool verbose,
 /*
  * Swap the physical files of two given relations.
  *
- * We swap the physical identity (reltablespace and relfilenode) while
- * keeping the same logical identities of the two relations.
+ * We swap the physical identity (reltablespace, relfilenode) while keeping the
+ * same logical identities of the two relations.  relpersistence is also
+ * swapped, which is critical since it determines where buffers live for each
+ * relation.
  *
  * We can swap associated TOAST data in either of two ways: recursively swap
  * the physical content of the toast tables (and their indexes), or swap the
@@ -1146,6 +1143,7 @@ swap_relation_files(Oid r1, Oid r2, bool target_is_pg_class,
 	Oid			relfilenode1,
 				relfilenode2;
 	Oid			swaptemp;
+	char		swptmpchr;
 	CatalogIndexState indstate;
 
 	/* We need writable copies of both pg_class tuples. */
@@ -1166,7 +1164,10 @@ swap_relation_files(Oid r1, Oid r2, bool target_is_pg_class,
 
 	if (OidIsValid(relfilenode1) && OidIsValid(relfilenode2))
 	{
-		/* Normal non-mapped relations: swap relfilenodes and reltablespaces */
+		/*
+		 * Normal non-mapped relations: swap relfilenodes, reltablespaces,
+		 * relpersistence
+		 */
 		Assert(!target_is_pg_class);
 
 		swaptemp = relform1->relfilenode;
@@ -1177,6 +1178,10 @@ swap_relation_files(Oid r1, Oid r2, bool target_is_pg_class,
 		relform1->reltablespace = relform2->reltablespace;
 		relform2->reltablespace = swaptemp;
 
+		swptmpchr = relform1->relpersistence;
+		relform1->relpersistence = relform2->relpersistence;
+		relform2->relpersistence = swptmpchr;
+
 		/* Also swap toast links, if we're swapping by links */
 		if (!swap_toast_by_content)
 		{
@@ -1196,15 +1201,18 @@ swap_relation_files(Oid r1, Oid r2, bool target_is_pg_class,
 				 NameStr(relform1->relname));
 
 		/*
-		 * We can't change the tablespace of a mapped rel, and we can't handle
-		 * toast link swapping for one either, because we must not apply any
-		 * critical changes to its pg_class row.  These cases should be
-		 * prevented by upstream permissions tests, so this check is a
-		 * non-user-facing emergency backstop.
+		 * We can't change the tablespace nor persistence of a mapped rel, and
+		 * we can't handle toast link swapping for one either, because we must
+		 * not apply any critical changes to its pg_class row.  These cases
+		 * should be prevented by upstream permissions tests, so these checks
+		 * are non-user-facing emergency backstop.
 		 */
 		if (relform1->reltablespace != relform2->reltablespace)
 			elog(ERROR, "cannot change tablespace of mapped relation \"%s\"",
 				 NameStr(relform1->relname));
+		if (relform1->relpersistence != relform2->relpersistence)
+			elog(ERROR, "cannot change persistence of mapped relation \"%s\"",
+				 NameStr(relform1->relname));
 		if (!swap_toast_by_content &&
 			(relform1->reltoastrelid || relform2->reltoastrelid))
 			elog(ERROR, "cannot swap toast by links for mapped relation \"%s\"",

src/backend/commands/matview.c

@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ ExecRefreshMatView(RefreshMatViewStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
 	DestReceiver *dest;
 	bool		concurrent;
 	LOCKMODE	lockmode;
+	char		relpersistence;
 
 	/* Determine strength of lock needed. */
 	concurrent = stmt->concurrent;
@@ -233,9 +234,15 @@ ExecRefreshMatView(RefreshMatViewStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
 
 	/* Concurrent refresh builds new data in temp tablespace, and does diff. */
 	if (concurrent)
+	{
 		tableSpace = GetDefaultTablespace(RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP);
+		relpersistence = RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP;
+	}
 	else
+	{
 		tableSpace = matviewRel->rd_rel->reltablespace;
+		relpersistence = matviewRel->rd_rel->relpersistence;
+	}
 
 	owner = matviewRel->rd_rel->relowner;
 
@@ -244,7 +251,7 @@ ExecRefreshMatView(RefreshMatViewStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
 	 * it against access by any other process until commit (by which time it
 	 * will be gone).
 	 */
-	OIDNewHeap = make_new_heap(matviewOid, tableSpace, concurrent,
+	OIDNewHeap = make_new_heap(matviewOid, tableSpace, relpersistence,
 							   ExclusiveLock);
 	LockRelationOid(OIDNewHeap, AccessExclusiveLock);
 	dest = CreateTransientRelDestReceiver(OIDNewHeap);

src/backend/parser/gram.y

@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 
 	LABEL LANGUAGE LARGE_P LAST_P LATERAL_P
 	LEADING LEAKPROOF LEAST LEFT LEVEL LIKE LIMIT LISTEN LOAD LOCAL
-	LOCALTIME LOCALTIMESTAMP LOCATION LOCK_P
+	LOCALTIME LOCALTIMESTAMP LOCATION LOCK_P LOGGED
 
 	MAPPING MATCH MATERIALIZED MAXVALUE MINUTE_P MINVALUE MODE MONTH_P MOVE
 
@@ -2114,6 +2114,20 @@ alter_table_cmd:
 					n->name = NULL;
 					$$ = (Node *)n;
 				}
+			/* ALTER TABLE <name> SET LOGGED  */
+			| SET LOGGED
+				{
+					AlterTableCmd *n = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
+					n->subtype = AT_SetLogged;
+					$$ = (Node *)n;
+				}
+			/* ALTER TABLE <name> SET UNLOGGED  */
+			| SET UNLOGGED
+				{
+					AlterTableCmd *n = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
+					n->subtype = AT_SetUnLogged;
+					$$ = (Node *)n;
+				}
 			/* ALTER TABLE <name> ENABLE TRIGGER <trig> */
 			| ENABLE_P TRIGGER name
 				{
@@ -12963,6 +12977,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
 			| LOCAL
 			| LOCATION
 			| LOCK_P
+			| LOGGED
 			| MAPPING
 			| MATCH
 			| MATERIALIZED

src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c

@@ -1641,12 +1641,12 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
 		completion_info_charp = prev3_wd;
 		COMPLETE_WITH_QUERY(Query_for_index_of_table);
 	}
-	/* If we have TABLE <sth> SET, provide WITHOUT,TABLESPACE and SCHEMA */
+	/* If we have TABLE <sth> SET, provide list of attributes and '(' */
 	else if (pg_strcasecmp(prev3_wd, "TABLE") == 0 &&
 			 pg_strcasecmp(prev_wd, "SET") == 0)
 	{
 		static const char *const list_TABLESET[] =
-		{"(", "WITHOUT", "TABLESPACE", "SCHEMA", NULL};
+		{"(", "LOGGED", "SCHEMA", "TABLESPACE", "UNLOGGED", "WITH", "WITHOUT", NULL};
 
 		COMPLETE_WITH_LIST(list_TABLESET);
 	}

src/include/commands/cluster.h

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ extern void check_index_is_clusterable(Relation OldHeap, Oid indexOid,
 						   bool recheck, LOCKMODE lockmode);
 extern void mark_index_clustered(Relation rel, Oid indexOid, bool is_internal);
 
-extern Oid make_new_heap(Oid OIDOldHeap, Oid NewTableSpace, bool forcetemp,
+extern Oid make_new_heap(Oid OIDOldHeap, Oid NewTableSpace, char relpersistence,
 			  LOCKMODE lockmode);
 extern void finish_heap_swap(Oid OIDOldHeap, Oid OIDNewHeap,
 				 bool is_system_catalog,

src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h

@@ -1307,6 +1307,8 @@ typedef enum AlterTableType
 	AT_ChangeOwner,				/* change owner */
 	AT_ClusterOn,				/* CLUSTER ON */
 	AT_DropCluster,				/* SET WITHOUT CLUSTER */
+	AT_SetLogged,				/* SET LOGGED */
+	AT_SetUnLogged,				/* SET UNLOGGED */
 	AT_AddOids,					/* SET WITH OIDS */
 	AT_AddOidsRecurse,			/* internal to commands/tablecmds.c */
 	AT_DropOids,				/* SET WITHOUT OIDS */

src/include/parser/kwlist.h

@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("localtime", LOCALTIME, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("localtimestamp", LOCALTIMESTAMP, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("location", LOCATION, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("lock", LOCK_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
+PG_KEYWORD("logged", LOGGED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("mapping", MAPPING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("match", MATCH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("materialized", MATERIALIZED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)

src/test/regress/expected/alter_table.out

@@ -2426,3 +2426,94 @@ TRUNCATE old_system_table;
 ALTER TABLE old_system_table DROP CONSTRAINT new_system_table_pkey;
 ALTER TABLE old_system_table DROP COLUMN othercol;
 DROP TABLE old_system_table;
+-- set logged
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged1(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 TEXT);
+-- check relpersistence of an unlogged table
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+     relname      | relkind | relpersistence 
+------------------+---------+----------------
+ toast index      | i       | u
+ toast table      | t       | u
+ unlogged1        | r       | u
+ unlogged1_f1_seq | S       | p
+ unlogged1_pkey   | i       | u
+(5 rows)
+
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged2(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES unlogged1); -- foreign key
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged3(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES unlogged3); -- self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE unlogged3 SET LOGGED; -- skip self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE unlogged2 SET LOGGED; -- fails because a foreign key to an unlogged table exists
+ERROR:  cannot change status of table unlogged2 to logged
+DETAIL:  Table unlogged2 references unlogged table unlogged1.
+ALTER TABLE unlogged1 SET LOGGED;
+-- check relpersistence of an unlogged table after changing to permament
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+     relname      | relkind | relpersistence 
+------------------+---------+----------------
+ toast index      | i       | p
+ toast table      | t       | p
+ unlogged1        | r       | p
+ unlogged1_f1_seq | S       | p
+ unlogged1_pkey   | i       | p
+(5 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE unlogged1 SET LOGGED; -- silently do nothing
+DROP TABLE unlogged3;
+DROP TABLE unlogged2;
+DROP TABLE unlogged1;
+-- set unlogged
+CREATE TABLE logged1(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 TEXT);
+-- check relpersistence of a permanent table
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+    relname     | relkind | relpersistence 
+----------------+---------+----------------
+ logged1        | r       | p
+ logged1_f1_seq | S       | p
+ logged1_pkey   | i       | p
+ toast index    | i       | p
+ toast table    | t       | p
+(5 rows)
+
+CREATE TABLE logged2(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES logged1); -- foreign key
+CREATE TABLE logged3(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES logged3); -- self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED; -- fails because a foreign key from a permanent table exists
+ERROR:  cannot change status of table logged1 to unlogged
+DETAIL:  Logged table logged2 is referenced by table logged1.
+ALTER TABLE logged3 SET UNLOGGED; -- skip self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE logged2 SET UNLOGGED;
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED;
+-- check relpersistence of a permanent table after changing to unlogged
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+    relname     | relkind | relpersistence 
+----------------+---------+----------------
+ logged1        | r       | u
+ logged1_f1_seq | S       | p
+ logged1_pkey   | i       | u
+ toast index    | i       | u
+ toast table    | t       | u
+(5 rows)
+
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED; -- silently do nothing
+DROP TABLE logged3;
+DROP TABLE logged2;
+DROP TABLE logged1;

src/test/regress/sql/alter_table.sql

@@ -1624,3 +1624,55 @@ TRUNCATE old_system_table;
 ALTER TABLE old_system_table DROP CONSTRAINT new_system_table_pkey;
 ALTER TABLE old_system_table DROP COLUMN othercol;
 DROP TABLE old_system_table;
+
+-- set logged
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged1(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 TEXT);
+-- check relpersistence of an unlogged table
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged2(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES unlogged1); -- foreign key
+CREATE UNLOGGED TABLE unlogged3(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES unlogged3); -- self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE unlogged3 SET LOGGED; -- skip self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE unlogged2 SET LOGGED; -- fails because a foreign key to an unlogged table exists
+ALTER TABLE unlogged1 SET LOGGED;
+-- check relpersistence of an unlogged table after changing to permament
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^unlogged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+ALTER TABLE unlogged1 SET LOGGED; -- silently do nothing
+DROP TABLE unlogged3;
+DROP TABLE unlogged2;
+DROP TABLE unlogged1;
+-- set unlogged
+CREATE TABLE logged1(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 TEXT);
+-- check relpersistence of a permanent table
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+CREATE TABLE logged2(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES logged1); -- foreign key
+CREATE TABLE logged3(f1 SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, f2 INTEGER REFERENCES logged3); -- self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED; -- fails because a foreign key from a permanent table exists
+ALTER TABLE logged3 SET UNLOGGED; -- skip self-referencing foreign key
+ALTER TABLE logged2 SET UNLOGGED;
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED;
+-- check relpersistence of a permanent table after changing to unlogged
+SELECT relname, relkind, relpersistence FROM pg_class WHERE relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast table', t.relkind, t.relpersistence FROM pg_class r JOIN pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+UNION ALL
+SELECT 'toast index', ri.relkind, ri.relpersistence FROM pg_class r join pg_class t ON t.oid = r.reltoastrelid JOIN pg_index i ON i.indrelid = t.oid JOIN pg_class ri ON ri.oid = i.indexrelid WHERE r.relname ~ '^logged1'
+ORDER BY relname;
+ALTER TABLE logged1 SET UNLOGGED; -- silently do nothing
+DROP TABLE logged3;
+DROP TABLE logged2;
+DROP TABLE logged1;