Fix handling of opclauses in extended statistics

We expect opclauses to have exactly one Var and one Const, but the code
was checking the Const by calling is_pseudo_constant_clause() which is
incorrect - we need a proper constant.

Fixed by using plain IsA(x,Const) to check type of the node. We need to
do these checks in two places, so move it into a separate function that
can be called in both places.

Reported by Andreas Seltenreich, based on crash reported by sqlsmith.

Backpatch to v12, where this code was introduced.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/8736jdhbhc.fsf%40ansel.ydns.eu
Backpatch-to: 12

src/backend/statistics/extended_stats.c

@@ -796,21 +796,13 @@ statext_is_compatible_clause_internal(PlannerInfo *root, Node *clause,
 		RangeTblEntry *rte = root->simple_rte_array[relid];
 		OpExpr	   *expr = (OpExpr *) clause;
 		Var		   *var;
-		bool		varonleft = true;
-		bool		ok;
 
 		/* Only expressions with two arguments are considered compatible. */
 		if (list_length(expr->args) != 2)
 			return false;
 
-		/* see if it actually has the right shape (one Var, one Const) */
-		ok = (NumRelids((Node *) expr) == 1) &&
-			(is_pseudo_constant_clause(lsecond(expr->args)) ||
-			 (varonleft = false,
-			  is_pseudo_constant_clause(linitial(expr->args))));
-
-		/* unsupported structure (two variables or so) */
-		if (!ok)
+		/* Check if the expression the right shape (one Var, one Const) */
+		if (!examine_opclause_expression(expr, &var, NULL, NULL))
 			return false;
 
 		/*
@@ -850,8 +842,6 @@ statext_is_compatible_clause_internal(PlannerInfo *root, Node *clause,
 			!get_func_leakproof(get_opcode(expr->opno)))
 			return false;
 
-		var = (varonleft) ? linitial(expr->args) : lsecond(expr->args);
-
 		return statext_is_compatible_clause_internal(root, (Node *) var,
 													 relid, attnums);
 	}
@@ -1196,3 +1186,65 @@ statext_clauselist_selectivity(PlannerInfo *root, List *clauses, int varRelid,
 
 	return sel;
 }
+
+/*
+ * examine_operator_expression
+ *		Split expression into Var and Const parts.
+ *
+ * Attempts to match the arguments to either (Var op Const) or (Const op Var),
+ * possibly with a RelabelType on top. When the expression matches this form,
+ * returns true, otherwise returns false.
+ *
+ * Optionally returns pointers to the extracted Var/Const nodes, when passed
+ * non-null pointers (varp, cstp and isgtp). The isgt flag specifies whether
+ * the Var node is on the left (false) or right (true) side of the operator.
+ */
+bool
+examine_opclause_expression(OpExpr *expr, Var **varp, Const **cstp, bool *isgtp)
+{
+	Var	   *var;
+	Const  *cst;
+	bool	isgt;
+	Node   *leftop,
+		   *rightop;
+
+	/* enforced by statext_is_compatible_clause_internal */
+	Assert(list_length(expr->args) == 2);
+
+	leftop = linitial(expr->args);
+	rightop = lsecond(expr->args);
+
+	/* strip RelabelType from either side of the expression */
+	if (IsA(leftop, RelabelType))
+		leftop = (Node *) ((RelabelType *) leftop)->arg;
+
+	if (IsA(rightop, RelabelType))
+		rightop = (Node *) ((RelabelType *) rightop)->arg;
+
+	if (IsA(leftop, Var) && IsA(rightop, Const))
+	{
+		var = (Var *) leftop;
+		cst = (Const *) rightop;
+		isgt = false;
+	}
+	else if (IsA(leftop, Const) && IsA(rightop, Var))
+	{
+		var = (Var *) rightop;
+		cst = (Const *) leftop;
+		isgt = true;
+	}
+	else
+		return false;
+
+	/* return pointers to the extracted parts if requested */
+	if (varp)
+		*varp = var;
+
+	if (cstp)
+		*cstp = cst;
+
+	if (isgtp)
+		*isgtp = isgt;
+
+	return true;
+}

src/backend/statistics/mcv.c

@@ -1561,35 +1561,22 @@ mcv_get_match_bitmap(PlannerInfo *root, List *clauses,
 		if (is_opclause(clause))
 		{
 			OpExpr	   *expr = (OpExpr *) clause;
-			bool		varonleft = true;
-			bool		ok;
 			FmgrInfo	opproc;
 
 			/* get procedure computing operator selectivity */
 			RegProcedure oprrest = get_oprrest(expr->opno);
 
-			fmgr_info(get_opcode(expr->opno), &opproc);
-
-			ok = (NumRelids(clause) == 1) &&
-				(is_pseudo_constant_clause(lsecond(expr->args)) ||
-				 (varonleft = false,
-				  is_pseudo_constant_clause(linitial(expr->args))));
-
-			if (ok)
-			{
+			/* valid only after examine_opclause_expression returns true */
 			Var		   *var;
 			Const	   *cst;
 			bool		isgt;
-				int			idx;
 
-				/* extract the var and const from the expression */
-				var = (varonleft) ? linitial(expr->args) : lsecond(expr->args);
-				cst = (varonleft) ? lsecond(expr->args) : linitial(expr->args);
-				isgt = (!varonleft);
+			fmgr_info(get_opcode(expr->opno), &opproc);
 
-				/* strip binary-compatible relabeling */
-				if (IsA(var, RelabelType))
-					var = (Var *) ((RelabelType *) var)->arg;
+			/* extract the var and const from the expression */
+			if (examine_opclause_expression(expr, &var, &cst, &isgt))
+			{
+				int			idx;
 
 				/* match the attribute to a dimension of the statistic */
 				idx = bms_member_index(keys, var->varattno);

src/include/statistics/extended_stats_internal.h

@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ extern SortItem *build_sorted_items(int numrows, int *nitems, HeapTuple *rows,
 									TupleDesc tdesc, MultiSortSupport mss,
 									int numattrs, AttrNumber *attnums);
 
+extern bool examine_opclause_expression(OpExpr *expr, Var **varp,
+										Const **cstp, bool *isgtp);
 
 extern Selectivity mcv_clauselist_selectivity(PlannerInfo *root,
 											  StatisticExtInfo *stat,