Fix pull_up_sublinks' failure to handle nested pull-up opportunities.

After finding an EXISTS or ANY sub-select that can be converted to a
semi-join or anti-join, we should recurse into the body of the sub-select.
This allows cases such as EXISTS-within-EXISTS to be optimized properly.
The original coding would leave the lower sub-select as a SubLink, which
is no better and often worse than what we can do with a join.  Per example
from Wayne Conrad.

Back-patch to 8.4.  There is a related issue in older versions' handling
of pull_up_IN_clauses, but they're lame enough anyway about the whole area
that it seems not worth the extra work to try to fix.

src/backend/optimizer/plan/subselect.c

@@ -1065,6 +1065,11 @@ SS_process_ctes(PlannerInfo *root)
  * (Notionally, we replace the SubLink with a constant TRUE, then elide the
  * redundant constant from the qual.)
  *
+ * On success, the caller is also responsible for recursively applying
+ * pull_up_sublinks processing to the rarg and quals of the returned JoinExpr.
+ * (On failure, there is no need to do anything, since pull_up_sublinks will
+ * be applied when we recursively plan the sub-select.)
+ *
  * Side effects of a successful conversion include adding the SubLink's
  * subselect to the query's rangetable, so that it can be referenced in
  * the JoinExpr's rarg.

src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepjointree.c

@@ -318,6 +318,7 @@ pull_up_sublinks_qual_recurse(PlannerInfo *root, Node *node,
 	{
 		SubLink    *sublink = (SubLink *) node;
 		JoinExpr   *j;
+		Relids		child_rels;
 
 		/* Is it a convertible ANY or EXISTS clause? */
 		if (sublink->subLinkType == ANY_SUBLINK)
@@ -326,7 +327,18 @@ pull_up_sublinks_qual_recurse(PlannerInfo *root, Node *node,
 											available_rels);
 			if (j)
 			{
-				/* Yes, insert the new join node into the join tree */
+				/* Yes; recursively process what we pulled up */
+				j->rarg = pull_up_sublinks_jointree_recurse(root,
+															j->rarg,
+															&child_rels);
+				/* Pulled-up ANY/EXISTS quals can use those rels too */
+				child_rels = bms_add_members(child_rels, available_rels);
+				/* ... and any inserted joins get stacked onto j->rarg */
+				j->quals = pull_up_sublinks_qual_recurse(root,
+														 j->quals,
+														 child_rels,
+														 &j->rarg);
+				/* Now insert the new join node into the join tree */
 				j->larg = *jtlink;
 				*jtlink = (Node *) j;
 				/* and return NULL representing constant TRUE */
@@ -339,7 +351,18 @@ pull_up_sublinks_qual_recurse(PlannerInfo *root, Node *node,
 											   available_rels);
 			if (j)
 			{
-				/* Yes, insert the new join node into the join tree */
+				/* Yes; recursively process what we pulled up */
+				j->rarg = pull_up_sublinks_jointree_recurse(root,
+															j->rarg,
+															&child_rels);
+				/* Pulled-up ANY/EXISTS quals can use those rels too */
+				child_rels = bms_add_members(child_rels, available_rels);
+				/* ... and any inserted joins get stacked onto j->rarg */
+				j->quals = pull_up_sublinks_qual_recurse(root,
+														 j->quals,
+														 child_rels,
+														 &j->rarg);
+				/* Now insert the new join node into the join tree */
 				j->larg = *jtlink;
 				*jtlink = (Node *) j;
 				/* and return NULL representing constant TRUE */
@@ -354,6 +377,7 @@ pull_up_sublinks_qual_recurse(PlannerInfo *root, Node *node,
 		/* If the immediate argument of NOT is EXISTS, try to convert */
 		SubLink    *sublink = (SubLink *) get_notclausearg((Expr *) node);
 		JoinExpr   *j;
+		Relids		child_rels;
 
 		if (sublink && IsA(sublink, SubLink))
 		{
@@ -363,7 +387,18 @@ pull_up_sublinks_qual_recurse(PlannerInfo *root, Node *node,
 												   available_rels);
 				if (j)
 				{
-					/* Yes, insert the new join node into the join tree */
+					/* Yes; recursively process what we pulled up */
+					j->rarg = pull_up_sublinks_jointree_recurse(root,
+																j->rarg,
+																&child_rels);
+					/* Pulled-up ANY/EXISTS quals can use those rels too */
+					child_rels = bms_add_members(child_rels, available_rels);
+					/* ... and any inserted joins get stacked onto j->rarg */
+					j->quals = pull_up_sublinks_qual_recurse(root,
+															 j->quals,
+															 child_rels,
+															 &j->rarg);
+					/* Now insert the new join node into the join tree */
 					j->larg = *jtlink;
 					*jtlink = (Node *) j;
 					/* and return NULL representing constant TRUE */