Allow bidirectional copy messages in streaming replication mode.

Fujii Masao.  Review by Alvaro Herrera, Tom Lane, and myself.

doc/src/sgml/libpq.sgml

@@ -2194,6 +2194,16 @@ ExecStatusType PQresultStatus(const PGresult *res);
           </listitem>
          </varlistentry>
 
+         <varlistentry id="libpq-pgres-copy-both">
+          <term><literal>PGRES_COPY_BOTH</literal></term>
+          <listitem>
+           <para>
+            Copy In/Out (to and from server) data transfer started.  This is
+            currently used only for streaming replication.
+           </para>
+          </listitem>
+         </varlistentry>
+
          <varlistentry id="libpq-pgres-bad-response">
           <term><literal>PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE</literal></term>
           <listitem>

doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml

@@ -1033,12 +1033,25 @@
    </para>
 
    <para>
-    The CopyInResponse and CopyOutResponse messages include fields that
-    inform the frontend of the number of columns per row and the format
-    codes being used for each column.  (As of the present implementation,
-    all columns in a given <command>COPY</> operation will use the same
-    format, but the message design does not assume this.)
+    There is another Copy-related mode called Copy-both, which allows
+    high-speed bulk data transfer to <emphasis>and</> from the server.
+    Copy-both mode is initiated when a backend in walsender mode
+    executes a <command>START_REPLICATION</command> statement.  The
+    backend sends a CopyBothResponse message to the frontend.  Both
+    the backend and the frontend may then send CopyData messages
+    until the connection is terminated.  See see <xref
+    linkend="protocol-replication">.
    </para>
+
+   <para>
+    The CopyInResponse, CopyOutResponse and CopyBothResponse messages
+    include fields that inform the frontend of the number of columns
+    per row and the format codes being used for each column.  (As of
+    the present implementation, all columns in a given <command>COPY</>
+    operation will use the same format, but the message design does not
+    assume this.)
+   </para>
+
   </sect2>
 
   <sect2 id="protocol-async">
@@ -1344,7 +1357,7 @@ The commands accepted in walsender mode are:
       WAL position <replaceable>XXX</>/<replaceable>XXX</>.
       The server can reply with an error, e.g. if the requested section of WAL
       has already been recycled. On success, server responds with a
-      CopyOutResponse message, and then starts to stream WAL to the frontend.
+      CopyBothResponse message, and then starts to stream WAL to the frontend.
       WAL will continue to be streamed until the connection is broken;
       no further commands will be accepted.
      </para>
@@ -2694,6 +2707,79 @@ CopyOutResponse (B)
 </varlistentry>
 
 
+<varlistentry>
+<term>
+CopyBothResponse (B)
+</term>
+<listitem>
+<para>
+
+<variablelist>
+<varlistentry>
+<term>
+        Byte1('W')
+</term>
+<listitem>
+<para>
+                Identifies the message as a Start Copy Both response.
+                This message is used only for Streaming Replication.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+</varlistentry>
+<varlistentry>
+<term>
+        Int32
+</term>
+<listitem>
+<para>
+                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+</varlistentry>
+<varlistentry>
+<term>
+        Int8
+</term>
+<listitem>
+<para>
+                0 indicates the overall <command>COPY</command> format
+                is textual (rows separated by newlines, columns
+                separated by separator characters, etc). 1 indicates
+                the overall copy format is binary (similar to DataRow
+                format). See <xref linkend="sql-copy"> for more information.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+</varlistentry>
+<varlistentry>
+<term>
+        Int16
+</term>
+<listitem>
+<para>
+                The number of columns in the data to be copied
+                (denoted <replaceable>N</> below).
+</para>
+</listitem>
+</varlistentry>
+<varlistentry>
+<term>
+        Int16[<replaceable>N</>]
+</term>
+<listitem>
+<para>
+                The format codes to be used for each column.
+                Each must presently be zero (text) or one (binary).
+                All must be zero if the overall copy format is textual.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+</varlistentry>
+</variablelist>
+
+</para>
+</listitem>
+</varlistentry>
+
+
 <varlistentry>
 <term>
 DataRow (B)

src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ static char *recvBuf = NULL;
 static bool libpqrcv_connect(char *conninfo, XLogRecPtr startpoint);
 static bool libpqrcv_receive(int timeout, unsigned char *type,
 				 char **buffer, int *len);
+static void libpqrcv_send(const char *buffer, int nbytes);
 static void libpqrcv_disconnect(void);
 
 /* Prototypes for private functions */
@@ -64,10 +65,11 @@ _PG_init(void)
 {
 	/* Tell walreceiver how to reach us */
 	if (walrcv_connect != NULL || walrcv_receive != NULL ||
-		walrcv_disconnect != NULL)
+		walrcv_send != NULL || walrcv_disconnect != NULL)
 		elog(ERROR, "libpqwalreceiver already loaded");
 	walrcv_connect = libpqrcv_connect;
 	walrcv_receive = libpqrcv_receive;
+	walrcv_send = libpqrcv_send;
 	walrcv_disconnect = libpqrcv_disconnect;
 }
 
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ libpqrcv_connect(char *conninfo, XLogRecPtr startpoint)
 	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "START_REPLICATION %X/%X",
 			 startpoint.xlogid, startpoint.xrecoff);
 	res = libpqrcv_PQexec(cmd);
-	if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COPY_OUT)
+	if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COPY_BOTH)
 	{
 		PQclear(res);
 		ereport(ERROR,
@@ -303,6 +305,7 @@ libpqrcv_PQexec(const char *query)
 
 		if (PQresultStatus(lastResult) == PGRES_COPY_IN ||
 			PQresultStatus(lastResult) == PGRES_COPY_OUT ||
+			PQresultStatus(lastResult) == PGRES_COPY_BOTH ||
 			PQstatus(streamConn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
 			break;
 	}
@@ -398,3 +401,18 @@ libpqrcv_receive(int timeout, unsigned char *type, char **buffer, int *len)
 
 	return true;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Send a message to XLOG stream.
+ *
+ * ereports on error.
+ */
+static void
+libpqrcv_send(const char *buffer, int nbytes)
+{
+	if (PQputCopyData(streamConn, buffer, nbytes) <= 0 ||
+		PQflush(streamConn))
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errmsg("could not send data to WAL stream: %s",
+						PQerrorMessage(streamConn))));
+}

src/backend/replication/walreceiver.c

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ bool		am_walreceiver;
 /* libpqreceiver hooks to these when loaded */
 walrcv_connect_type walrcv_connect = NULL;
 walrcv_receive_type walrcv_receive = NULL;
+walrcv_send_type walrcv_send = NULL;
 walrcv_disconnect_type walrcv_disconnect = NULL;
 
 #define NAPTIME_PER_CYCLE 100	/* max sleep time between cycles (100ms) */
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ WalReceiverMain(void)
 	/* Load the libpq-specific functions */
 	load_file("libpqwalreceiver", false);
 	if (walrcv_connect == NULL || walrcv_receive == NULL ||
-		walrcv_disconnect == NULL)
+		walrcv_send == NULL || walrcv_disconnect == NULL)
 		elog(ERROR, "libpqwalreceiver didn't initialize correctly");
 
 	/*

src/backend/replication/walsender.c

@@ -287,8 +287,8 @@ WalSndHandshake(void)
 									(errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_CONNECT_NOW),
 									 errmsg("standby connections not allowed because wal_level=minimal")));
 
-						/* Send a CopyOutResponse message, and start streaming */
-						pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'H');
+						/* Send a CopyBothResponse message, and start streaming */
+						pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'W');
 						pq_sendbyte(&buf, 0);
 						pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 2);
 						pq_endmessage(&buf);

src/include/replication/walreceiver.h

@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ typedef bool (*walrcv_receive_type) (int timeout, unsigned char *type,
 												 char **buffer, int *len);
 extern PGDLLIMPORT walrcv_receive_type walrcv_receive;
 
+typedef void (*walrcv_send_type) (const char *buffer, int nbytes);
+extern PGDLLIMPORT walrcv_send_type walrcv_send;
+
 typedef void (*walrcv_disconnect_type) (void);
 extern PGDLLIMPORT walrcv_disconnect_type walrcv_disconnect;
 

src/interfaces/libpq/fe-exec.c

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ char	   *const pgresStatus[] = {
 	"PGRES_TUPLES_OK",
 	"PGRES_COPY_OUT",
 	"PGRES_COPY_IN",
+	"PGRES_COPY_BOTH",
 	"PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE",
 	"PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR",
 	"PGRES_FATAL_ERROR"
@@ -174,6 +175,7 @@ PQmakeEmptyPGresult(PGconn *conn, ExecStatusType status)
 			case PGRES_TUPLES_OK:
 			case PGRES_COPY_OUT:
 			case PGRES_COPY_IN:
+			case PGRES_COPY_BOTH:
 				/* non-error cases */
 				break;
 			default:
@@ -1591,6 +1593,12 @@ PQgetResult(PGconn *conn)
 			else
 				res = PQmakeEmptyPGresult(conn, PGRES_COPY_OUT);
 			break;
+		case PGASYNC_COPY_BOTH:
+			if (conn->result && conn->result->resultStatus == PGRES_COPY_BOTH)
+				res = pqPrepareAsyncResult(conn);
+			else
+				res = PQmakeEmptyPGresult(conn, PGRES_COPY_BOTH);
+			break;
 		default:
 			printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
 							  libpq_gettext("unexpected asyncStatus: %d\n"),
@@ -1775,6 +1783,13 @@ PQexecStart(PGconn *conn)
 				return false;
 			}
 		}
+		else if (resultStatus == PGRES_COPY_BOTH)
+		{
+			/* We don't allow PQexec during COPY BOTH */
+			printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
+			 libpq_gettext("PQexec not allowed during COPY BOTH\n"));
+			return false;			
+		}
 		/* check for loss of connection, too */
 		if (conn->status == CONNECTION_BAD)
 			return false;
@@ -1798,7 +1813,7 @@ PQexecFinish(PGconn *conn)
 	 * than one --- but merge error messages if we get more than one error
 	 * result.
 	 *
-	 * We have to stop if we see copy in/out, however. We will resume parsing
+	 * We have to stop if we see copy in/out/both, however. We will resume parsing
 	 * after application performs the data transfer.
 	 *
 	 * Also stop if the connection is lost (else we'll loop infinitely).
@@ -1827,6 +1842,7 @@ PQexecFinish(PGconn *conn)
 		lastResult = result;
 		if (result->resultStatus == PGRES_COPY_IN ||
 			result->resultStatus == PGRES_COPY_OUT ||
+			result->resultStatus == PGRES_COPY_BOTH ||
 			conn->status == CONNECTION_BAD)
 			break;
 	}
@@ -2000,7 +2016,7 @@ PQnotifies(PGconn *conn)
 }
 
 /*
- * PQputCopyData - send some data to the backend during COPY IN
+ * PQputCopyData - send some data to the backend during COPY IN or COPY BOTH
  *
  * Returns 1 if successful, 0 if data could not be sent (only possible
  * in nonblock mode), or -1 if an error occurs.
@@ -2010,7 +2026,8 @@ PQputCopyData(PGconn *conn, const char *buffer, int nbytes)
 {
 	if (!conn)
 		return -1;
-	if (conn->asyncStatus != PGASYNC_COPY_IN)
+	if (conn->asyncStatus != PGASYNC_COPY_IN &&
+		conn->asyncStatus != PGASYNC_COPY_BOTH)
 	{
 		printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
 						  libpq_gettext("no COPY in progress\n"));
@@ -2148,6 +2165,7 @@ PQputCopyEnd(PGconn *conn, const char *errormsg)
 
 /*
  * PQgetCopyData - read a row of data from the backend during COPY OUT
+ * or COPY BOTH
  *
  * If successful, sets *buffer to point to a malloc'd row of data, and
  * returns row length (always > 0) as result.
@@ -2161,7 +2179,8 @@ PQgetCopyData(PGconn *conn, char **buffer, int async)
 	*buffer = NULL;				/* for all failure cases */
 	if (!conn)
 		return -2;
-	if (conn->asyncStatus != PGASYNC_COPY_OUT)
+	if (conn->asyncStatus != PGASYNC_COPY_OUT &&
+		conn->asyncStatus != PGASYNC_COPY_BOTH)
 	{
 		printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
 						  libpq_gettext("no COPY in progress\n"));

src/interfaces/libpq/fe-protocol2.c

@@ -541,6 +541,10 @@ pqParseInput2(PGconn *conn)
 				case 'H':		/* Start Copy Out */
 					conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_COPY_OUT;
 					break;
+					/*
+					 * Don't need to process CopyBothResponse here because
+					 * it never arrives from the server during protocol 2.0.
+					 */
 				default:
 					printfPQExpBuffer(&conn->errorMessage,
 									  libpq_gettext(

src/interfaces/libpq/fe-protocol3.c

@@ -358,6 +358,12 @@ pqParseInput3(PGconn *conn)
 					conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_COPY_OUT;
 					conn->copy_already_done = 0;
 					break;
+				case 'W':		/* Start Copy Both */
+					if (getCopyStart(conn, PGRES_COPY_BOTH))
+						return;
+					conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_COPY_BOTH;
+					conn->copy_already_done = 0;
+					break;
 				case 'd':		/* Copy Data */
 
 					/*
@@ -1196,7 +1202,8 @@ getNotify(PGconn *conn)
 }
 
 /*
- * getCopyStart - process CopyInResponse or CopyOutResponse message
+ * getCopyStart - process CopyInResponse, CopyOutResponse or
+ * CopyBothResponse message
  *
  * parseInput already read the message type and length.
  */
@@ -1367,6 +1374,7 @@ getCopyDataMessage(PGconn *conn)
 
 /*
  * PQgetCopyData - read a row of data from the backend during COPY OUT
+ * or COPY BOTH
  *
  * If successful, sets *buffer to point to a malloc'd row of data, and
  * returns row length (always > 0) as result.
@@ -1390,10 +1398,10 @@ pqGetCopyData3(PGconn *conn, char **buffer, int async)
 		if (msgLength < 0)
 		{
 			/*
-			 * On end-of-copy, exit COPY_OUT mode and let caller read status
-			 * with PQgetResult().	The normal case is that it's Copy Done,
-			 * but we let parseInput read that.  If error, we expect the state
-			 * was already changed.
+			 * On end-of-copy, exit COPY_OUT or COPY_BOTH mode and let caller
+			 * read status with PQgetResult().	The normal case is that it's
+			 * Copy Done, but we let parseInput read that.  If error, we expect
+			 * the state was already changed.
 			 */
 			if (msgLength == -1)
 				conn->asyncStatus = PGASYNC_BUSY;

src/interfaces/libpq/libpq-fe.h

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ typedef enum
 								 * contains the result tuples */
 	PGRES_COPY_OUT,				/* Copy Out data transfer in progress */
 	PGRES_COPY_IN,				/* Copy In data transfer in progress */
+	PGRES_COPY_BOTH,			/* Copy In/Out data transfer in progress */
 	PGRES_BAD_RESPONSE,			/* an unexpected response was recv'd from the
 								 * backend */
 	PGRES_NONFATAL_ERROR,		/* notice or warning message */

src/interfaces/libpq/libpq-int.h

@@ -218,7 +218,8 @@ typedef enum
 	PGASYNC_BUSY,				/* query in progress */
 	PGASYNC_READY,				/* result ready for PQgetResult */
 	PGASYNC_COPY_IN,			/* Copy In data transfer in progress */
-	PGASYNC_COPY_OUT			/* Copy Out data transfer in progress */
+	PGASYNC_COPY_OUT,			/* Copy Out data transfer in progress */
+	PGASYNC_COPY_BOTH			/* Copy In/Out data transfer in progress */
 } PGAsyncStatusType;
 
 /* PGQueryClass tracks which query protocol we are now executing */