Add transforms feature

This provides a mechanism for specifying conversions between SQL data
types and procedural languages.  As examples, there are transforms
for hstore and ltree for PL/Perl and PL/Python.

reviews by Pavel Stěhule and Andres Freund

contrib/Makefile

@@ -71,6 +71,18 @@ else
 ALWAYS_SUBDIRS += sepgsql
 endif
 
+ifeq ($(with_perl),yes)
+SUBDIRS += hstore_plperl
+else
+ALWAYS_SUBDIRS += hstore_plperl
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(with_python),yes)
+SUBDIRS += hstore_plpython ltree_plpython
+else
+ALWAYS_SUBDIRS += hstore_plpython ltree_plpython
+endif
+
 # Missing:
 #		start-scripts	\ (does not have a makefile)
 

contrib/hstore_plperl/.gitignore

+# Generated subdirectories
+/log/
+/results/
+/tmp_check/

contrib/hstore_plperl/Makefile

+# contrib/hstore_plperl/Makefile
+
+MODULE_big = hstore_plperl
+OBJS = hstore_plperl.o
+
+PG_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src/pl/plperl -I$(perl_archlibexp)/CORE -I$(top_srcdir)/contrib/hstore
+
+EXTENSION = hstore_plperl hstore_plperlu
+DATA = hstore_plperl--1.0.sql hstore_plperlu--1.0.sql
+
+REGRESS = hstore_plperl create_transform
+REGRESS_OPTS = --load-extension=hstore --load-extension=plperl --load-extension=plperlu
+EXTRA_INSTALL = contrib/hstore
+
+ifdef USE_PGXS
+PG_CONFIG = pg_config
+PGXS := $(shell $(PG_CONFIG) --pgxs)
+include $(PGXS)
+else
+subdir = contrib/hstore_plperl
+top_builddir = ../..
+include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
+include $(top_srcdir)/contrib/contrib-global.mk
+endif

contrib/hstore_plperl/expected/create_transform.out

+-- general regression test for transforms
+DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS hstore CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  extension "hstore" does not exist, skipping
+DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS plperl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  extension "plperl" does not exist, skipping
+DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS hstore_plperl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  extension "hstore_plperl" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE EXTENSION hstore;
+CREATE EXTENSION plperl;
+CREATE FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS '$libdir/hstore_plperl';
+CREATE FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(val internal) RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS '$libdir/hstore_plperl';
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR foo LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- fail
+ERROR:  type "foo" does not exist
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE foo (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- fail
+ERROR:  language "foo" does not exist
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_out(hstore), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- fail
+ERROR:  return data type of FROM SQL function must be "internal"
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION internal_in(cstring), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- fail
+ERROR:  first argument of transform function must be type "internal"
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- ok
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- fail
+ERROR:  transform for type hstore language plperl already exists
+CREATE OR REPLACE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- ok
+CREATE OR REPLACE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal));  -- ok
+CREATE OR REPLACE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- ok
+DROP TRANSFORM IF EXISTS FOR fake_type LANGUAGE plperl;
+NOTICE:  type "fake_type" does not exist, skipping
+DROP TRANSFORM IF EXISTS FOR hstore LANGUAGE fake_lang;
+NOTICE:  transform for type hstore language fake_lang does not exist, skipping
+DROP TRANSFORM FOR foo LANGUAGE plperl;
+ERROR:  type "foo" does not exist
+DROP TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE foo;
+ERROR:  language "foo" does not exist
+DROP TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl;
+DROP TRANSFORM IF EXISTS FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl;
+NOTICE:  transform for type hstore language plperl does not exist, skipping
+DROP FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(val internal);
+DROP FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(val internal);
+CREATE EXTENSION hstore_plperl;
+\dx+ hstore_plperl
+ Objects in extension "hstore_plperl"
+          Object Description          
+--------------------------------------
+ function hstore_to_plperl(internal)
+ function plperl_to_hstore(internal)
+ transform for hstore language plperl
+(3 rows)
+
+ALTER EXTENSION hstore_plperl DROP TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl;
+\dx+ hstore_plperl
+Objects in extension "hstore_plperl"
+         Object Description          
+-------------------------------------
+ function hstore_to_plperl(internal)
+ function plperl_to_hstore(internal)
+(2 rows)
+
+ALTER EXTENSION hstore_plperl ADD TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl;
+\dx+ hstore_plperl
+ Objects in extension "hstore_plperl"
+          Object Description          
+--------------------------------------
+ function hstore_to_plperl(internal)
+ function plperl_to_hstore(internal)
+ transform for hstore language plperl
+(3 rows)
+
+DROP EXTENSION hstore CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to extension hstore_plperl
+DROP EXTENSION plperl CASCADE;

contrib/hstore_plperl/expected/hstore_plperl.out

+CREATE EXTENSION hstore_plperl;
+CREATE EXTENSION hstore_plperlu;
+SELECT transforms.udt_schema, transforms.udt_name,
+       routine_schema, routine_name,
+       group_name, transform_type
+FROM information_schema.transforms JOIN information_schema.routines
+     USING (specific_catalog, specific_schema, specific_name)
+ORDER BY 1, 2, 5, 6;
+ udt_schema | udt_name | routine_schema |   routine_name    | group_name | transform_type 
+------------+----------+----------------+-------------------+------------+----------------
+ public     | hstore   | public         | hstore_to_plperl  | plperl     | FROM SQL
+ public     | hstore   | public         | plperl_to_hstore  | plperl     | TO SQL
+ public     | hstore   | public         | hstore_to_plperlu | plperlu    | FROM SQL
+ public     | hstore   | public         | plperlu_to_hstore | plperlu    | TO SQL
+(4 rows)
+
+-- test hstore -> perl
+CREATE FUNCTION test1(val hstore) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+elog(INFO, Dumper($_[0]));
+return scalar(keys %{$_[0]});
+$$;
+SELECT test1('aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore);
+INFO:  $VAR1 = {
+          'aa' => 'bb',
+          'cc' => undef
+        };
+
+CONTEXT:  PL/Perl function "test1"
+ test1 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1none(val hstore) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+elog(INFO, Dumper($_[0]));
+return scalar(keys %{$_[0]});
+$$;
+SELECT test1none('aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore);
+INFO:  $VAR1 = '"aa"=>"bb", "cc"=>NULL';
+
+CONTEXT:  PL/Perl function "test1none"
+ test1none 
+-----------
+         0
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1list(val hstore) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+elog(INFO, Dumper($_[0]));
+return scalar(keys %{$_[0]});
+$$;
+SELECT test1list('aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore);
+INFO:  $VAR1 = {
+          'aa' => 'bb',
+          'cc' => undef
+        };
+
+CONTEXT:  PL/Perl function "test1list"
+ test1list 
+-----------
+         2
+(1 row)
+
+-- test hstore[] -> perl
+CREATE FUNCTION test1arr(val hstore[]) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+elog(INFO, Dumper($_[0]->[0], $_[0]->[1]));
+return scalar(keys %{$_[0]});
+$$;
+SELECT test1arr(array['aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore, 'dd=>ee']);
+INFO:  $VAR1 = {
+          'aa' => 'bb',
+          'cc' => undef
+        };
+$VAR2 = {
+          'dd' => 'ee'
+        };
+
+CONTEXT:  PL/Perl function "test1arr"
+ test1arr 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+-- test perl -> hstore
+CREATE FUNCTION test2() RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE plperl
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+$val = {a => 1, b => 'boo', c => undef};
+return $val;
+$$;
+SELECT test2();
+              test2              
+---------------------------------
+ "a"=>"1", "b"=>"boo", "c"=>NULL
+(1 row)
+
+-- test perl -> hstore[]
+CREATE FUNCTION test2arr() RETURNS hstore[]
+LANGUAGE plperl
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+$val = [{a => 1, b => 'boo', c => undef}, {d => 2}];
+return $val;
+$$;
+SELECT test2arr();
+                           test2arr                           
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"\"a\"=>\"1\", \"b\"=>\"boo\", \"c\"=>NULL","\"d\"=>\"2\""}
+(1 row)
+
+-- test as part of prepare/execute
+CREATE FUNCTION test3() RETURNS void
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+
+$rv = spi_exec_query(q{SELECT 'aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore AS col1});
+elog(INFO, Dumper($rv->{rows}[0]->{col1}));
+
+$val = {a => 1, b => 'boo', c => undef};
+$plan = spi_prepare(q{SELECT $1::text AS col1}, "hstore");
+$rv = spi_exec_prepared($plan, {}, $val);
+elog(INFO, Dumper($rv->{rows}[0]->{col1}));
+$$;
+SELECT test3();
+INFO:  $VAR1 = {
+          'aa' => 'bb',
+          'cc' => undef
+        };
+
+CONTEXT:  PL/Perl function "test3"
+INFO:  $VAR1 = '"a"=>"1", "b"=>"boo", "c"=>NULL';
+
+CONTEXT:  PL/Perl function "test3"
+ test3 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- test trigger
+CREATE TABLE test1 (a int, b hstore);
+INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (1, 'aa=>bb, cc=>NULL');
+SELECT * FROM test1;
+ a |           b            
+---+------------------------
+ 1 | "aa"=>"bb", "cc"=>NULL
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test4() RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+elog(INFO, Dumper($_TD->{new}));
+if ($_TD->{new}{a} == 1) {
+    $_TD->{new}{b} = {a => 1, b => 'boo', c => undef};
+}
+
+return "MODIFY";
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER test4 BEFORE UPDATE ON test1 FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test4();
+UPDATE test1 SET a = a;
+INFO:  $VAR1 = {
+          'a' => '1',
+          'b' => {
+                 'aa' => 'bb',
+                 'cc' => undef
+               }
+        };
+
+CONTEXT:  PL/Perl function "test4"
+SELECT * FROM test1;
+ a |                b                
+---+---------------------------------
+ 1 | "a"=>"1", "b"=>"boo", "c"=>NULL
+(1 row)
+
+DROP TABLE test1;
+DROP FUNCTION test1(hstore);
+DROP FUNCTION test1none(hstore);
+DROP FUNCTION test1list(hstore);
+DROP FUNCTION test1arr(hstore[]);
+DROP FUNCTION test2();
+DROP FUNCTION test2arr();
+DROP FUNCTION test3();
+DROP FUNCTION test4();
+DROP EXTENSION hstore_plperl;
+DROP EXTENSION hstore_plperlu;
+DROP EXTENSION hstore;
+DROP EXTENSION plperl;
+DROP EXTENSION plperlu;

contrib/hstore_plperl/hstore_plperl--1.0.sql

+-- make sure the prerequisite libraries are loaded
+DO '' LANGUAGE plperl;
+SELECT NULL::hstore;
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(val internal) RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME';
+
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (
+    FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal),
+    TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal)
+);

contrib/hstore_plperl/hstore_plperl.c

+#include "postgres.h"
+#undef _
+#include "fmgr.h"
+#include "plperl.h"
+#include "plperl_helpers.h"
+#include "hstore.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(hstore_to_plperl);
+Datum hstore_to_plperl(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
+
+Datum
+hstore_to_plperl(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	HStore	   *in = PG_GETARG_HS(0);
+	int			i;
+	int			count = HS_COUNT(in);
+	char	   *base = STRPTR(in);
+	HEntry	   *entries = ARRPTR(in);
+	HV		   *hv;
+
+	hv = newHV();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+	{
+		const char *key;
+		SV	   *value;
+
+		key = pnstrdup(HS_KEY(entries, base, i), HS_KEYLEN(entries, i));
+		value = HS_VALISNULL(entries, i) ? newSV(0) : cstr2sv(pnstrdup(HS_VAL(entries, base,i), HS_VALLEN(entries, i)));
+
+		(void) hv_store(hv, key, strlen(key), value, 0);
+	}
+
+	return PointerGetDatum(newRV((SV *) hv));
+}
+
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(plperl_to_hstore);
+Datum plperl_to_hstore(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
+
+Datum
+plperl_to_hstore(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	HV		   *hv;
+	HE		   *he;
+	int32		buflen;
+	int32		i;
+	int32		pcount;
+	HStore	   *out;
+	Pairs	   *pairs;
+
+	hv = (HV *) SvRV((SV *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0));
+
+	pcount = hv_iterinit(hv);
+
+	pairs = palloc(pcount * sizeof(Pairs));
+
+	i = 0;
+	while ((he = hv_iternext(hv)))
+	{
+		char	 *key = sv2cstr(HeSVKEY_force(he));
+		SV		 *value = HeVAL(he);
+
+		pairs[i].key = pstrdup(key);
+		pairs[i].keylen = hstoreCheckKeyLen(strlen(pairs[i].key));
+		pairs[i].needfree = true;
+
+		if (!SvOK(value))
+		{
+			pairs[i].val = NULL;
+			pairs[i].vallen = 0;
+			pairs[i].isnull = true;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			pairs[i].val = pstrdup(sv2cstr(value));
+			pairs[i].vallen = hstoreCheckValLen(strlen(pairs[i].val));
+			pairs[i].isnull = false;
+		}
+
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	pcount = hstoreUniquePairs(pairs, pcount, &buflen);
+	out = hstorePairs(pairs, pcount, buflen);
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(out);
+}

contrib/hstore_plperl/hstore_plperl.control

+# hstore_plperl extension
+comment = 'transform between hstore and plperl'
+default_version = '1.0'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/hstore_plperl'
+relocatable = true
+requires = 'hstore,plperl'

contrib/hstore_plperl/hstore_plperlu--1.0.sql

+-- make sure the prerequisite libraries are loaded
+DO '' LANGUAGE plperlu;
+SELECT NULL::hstore;
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION hstore_to_plperlu(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'hstore_to_plperl';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION plperlu_to_hstore(val internal) RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'plperl_to_hstore';
+
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperlu (
+    FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperlu(internal),
+    TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperlu_to_hstore(internal)
+);

contrib/hstore_plperl/hstore_plperlu.control

+# hstore_plperlu extension
+comment = 'transform between hstore and plperlu'
+default_version = '1.0'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/hstore_plperl'
+relocatable = true
+requires = 'hstore,plperlu'

contrib/hstore_plperl/sql/create_transform.sql

+-- general regression test for transforms
+
+DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS hstore CASCADE;
+DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS plperl CASCADE;
+DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS hstore_plperl CASCADE;
+
+CREATE EXTENSION hstore;
+CREATE EXTENSION plperl;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS '$libdir/hstore_plperl';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(val internal) RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS '$libdir/hstore_plperl';
+
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR foo LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- fail
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE foo (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- fail
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_out(hstore), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- fail
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION internal_in(cstring), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- fail
+
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- ok
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- fail
+CREATE OR REPLACE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal), TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- ok
+CREATE OR REPLACE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(internal));  -- ok
+CREATE OR REPLACE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl (TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(internal));  -- ok
+
+DROP TRANSFORM IF EXISTS FOR fake_type LANGUAGE plperl;
+DROP TRANSFORM IF EXISTS FOR hstore LANGUAGE fake_lang;
+DROP TRANSFORM FOR foo LANGUAGE plperl;
+DROP TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE foo;
+DROP TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl;
+DROP TRANSFORM IF EXISTS FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl;
+
+DROP FUNCTION hstore_to_plperl(val internal);
+DROP FUNCTION plperl_to_hstore(val internal);
+
+CREATE EXTENSION hstore_plperl;
+\dx+ hstore_plperl
+ALTER EXTENSION hstore_plperl DROP TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl;
+\dx+ hstore_plperl
+ALTER EXTENSION hstore_plperl ADD TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plperl;
+\dx+ hstore_plperl
+
+DROP EXTENSION hstore CASCADE;
+DROP EXTENSION plperl CASCADE;

contrib/hstore_plperl/sql/hstore_plperl.sql

+CREATE EXTENSION hstore_plperl;
+CREATE EXTENSION hstore_plperlu;
+
+SELECT transforms.udt_schema, transforms.udt_name,
+       routine_schema, routine_name,
+       group_name, transform_type
+FROM information_schema.transforms JOIN information_schema.routines
+     USING (specific_catalog, specific_schema, specific_name)
+ORDER BY 1, 2, 5, 6;
+
+
+-- test hstore -> perl
+CREATE FUNCTION test1(val hstore) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+elog(INFO, Dumper($_[0]));
+return scalar(keys %{$_[0]});
+$$;
+
+SELECT test1('aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1none(val hstore) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+elog(INFO, Dumper($_[0]));
+return scalar(keys %{$_[0]});
+$$;
+
+SELECT test1none('aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1list(val hstore) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+elog(INFO, Dumper($_[0]));
+return scalar(keys %{$_[0]});
+$$;
+
+SELECT test1list('aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore);
+
+
+-- test hstore[] -> perl
+CREATE FUNCTION test1arr(val hstore[]) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+elog(INFO, Dumper($_[0]->[0], $_[0]->[1]));
+return scalar(keys %{$_[0]});
+$$;
+
+SELECT test1arr(array['aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore, 'dd=>ee']);
+
+
+-- test perl -> hstore
+CREATE FUNCTION test2() RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE plperl
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+$val = {a => 1, b => 'boo', c => undef};
+return $val;
+$$;
+
+SELECT test2();
+
+
+-- test perl -> hstore[]
+CREATE FUNCTION test2arr() RETURNS hstore[]
+LANGUAGE plperl
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+$val = [{a => 1, b => 'boo', c => undef}, {d => 2}];
+return $val;
+$$;
+
+SELECT test2arr();
+
+
+-- test as part of prepare/execute
+CREATE FUNCTION test3() RETURNS void
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+
+$rv = spi_exec_query(q{SELECT 'aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore AS col1});
+elog(INFO, Dumper($rv->{rows}[0]->{col1}));
+
+$val = {a => 1, b => 'boo', c => undef};
+$plan = spi_prepare(q{SELECT $1::text AS col1}, "hstore");
+$rv = spi_exec_prepared($plan, {}, $val);
+elog(INFO, Dumper($rv->{rows}[0]->{col1}));
+$$;
+
+SELECT test3();
+
+
+-- test trigger
+CREATE TABLE test1 (a int, b hstore);
+INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (1, 'aa=>bb, cc=>NULL');
+SELECT * FROM test1;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test4() RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plperlu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+use Data::Dumper;
+$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = 1;
+elog(INFO, Dumper($_TD->{new}));
+if ($_TD->{new}{a} == 1) {
+    $_TD->{new}{b} = {a => 1, b => 'boo', c => undef};
+}
+
+return "MODIFY";
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER test4 BEFORE UPDATE ON test1 FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test4();
+
+UPDATE test1 SET a = a;
+SELECT * FROM test1;
+
+
+DROP TABLE test1;
+
+DROP FUNCTION test1(hstore);
+DROP FUNCTION test1none(hstore);
+DROP FUNCTION test1list(hstore);
+DROP FUNCTION test1arr(hstore[]);
+DROP FUNCTION test2();
+DROP FUNCTION test2arr();
+DROP FUNCTION test3();
+DROP FUNCTION test4();
+
+
+DROP EXTENSION hstore_plperl;
+DROP EXTENSION hstore_plperlu;
+DROP EXTENSION hstore;
+DROP EXTENSION plperl;
+DROP EXTENSION plperlu;

contrib/hstore_plpython/.gitignore

+# Generated subdirectories
+/expected/python3/
+/log/
+/results/
+/sql/python3/
+/tmp_check/

contrib/hstore_plpython/Makefile

+# contrib/hstore_plpython/Makefile
+
+MODULE_big = hstore_plpython$(python_majorversion)
+OBJS = hstore_plpython.o
+
+PG_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src/pl/plpython $(python_includespec) -I$(top_srcdir)/contrib/hstore
+
+EXTENSION = hstore_plpythonu hstore_plpython2u hstore_plpython3u
+DATA = hstore_plpythonu--1.0.sql hstore_plpython2u--1.0.sql hstore_plpython3u--1.0.sql
+
+REGRESS = hstore_plpython
+REGRESS_PLPYTHON3_MANGLE := $(REGRESS)
+
+ifdef USE_PGXS
+PG_CONFIG = pg_config
+PGXS := $(shell $(PG_CONFIG) --pgxs)
+include $(PGXS)
+else
+subdir = contrib/hstore_plpython
+top_builddir = ../..
+include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
+include $(top_srcdir)/contrib/contrib-global.mk
+endif
+
+REGRESS_OPTS = --load-extension=hstore
+ifeq ($(python_majorversion),2)
+REGRESS_OPTS += --load-extension=plpythonu --load-extension=hstore_plpythonu
+endif
+EXTRA_INSTALL = contrib/hstore
+
+include $(top_srcdir)/src/pl/plpython/regress-python3-mangle.mk

contrib/hstore_plpython/expected/hstore_plpython.out

+CREATE EXTENSION plpython2u;
+CREATE EXTENSION hstore_plpython2u;
+-- test hstore -> python
+CREATE FUNCTION test1(val hstore) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+assert isinstance(val, dict)
+plpy.info(sorted(val.items()))
+return len(val)
+$$;
+SELECT test1('aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore);
+INFO:  [('aa', 'bb'), ('cc', None)]
+CONTEXT:  PL/Python function "test1"
+ test1 
+-------
+     2
+(1 row)
+
+-- the same with the versioned language name
+CREATE FUNCTION test1n(val hstore) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plpython2u
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+assert isinstance(val, dict)
+plpy.info(sorted(val.items()))
+return len(val)
+$$;
+SELECT test1n('aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore);
+INFO:  [('aa', 'bb'), ('cc', None)]
+CONTEXT:  PL/Python function "test1n"
+ test1n 
+--------
+      2
+(1 row)
+
+-- test hstore[] -> python
+CREATE FUNCTION test1arr(val hstore[]) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+plpy.info(repr(val))
+return len(val)
+$$;
+SELECT test1arr(array['aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore, 'dd=>ee']);
+INFO:  [{'aa': 'bb', 'cc': None}, {'dd': 'ee'}]
+CONTEXT:  PL/Python function "test1arr"
+ test1arr 
+----------
+        2
+(1 row)
+
+-- test python -> hstore
+CREATE FUNCTION test2() RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+val = {'a': 1, 'b': 'boo', 'c': None}
+return val
+$$;
+SELECT test2();
+              test2              
+---------------------------------
+ "a"=>"1", "b"=>"boo", "c"=>NULL
+(1 row)
+
+-- test python -> hstore[]
+CREATE FUNCTION test2arr() RETURNS hstore[]
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+val = [{'a': 1, 'b': 'boo', 'c': None}, {'d': 2}]
+return val
+$$;
+ SELECT test2arr();
+                           test2arr                           
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"\"a\"=>\"1\", \"b\"=>\"boo\", \"c\"=>NULL","\"d\"=>\"2\""}
+(1 row)
+
+-- test as part of prepare/execute
+CREATE FUNCTION test3() RETURNS void
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+rv = plpy.execute("SELECT 'aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore AS col1")
+plpy.info(repr(rv[0]["col1"]))
+
+val = {'a': 1, 'b': 'boo', 'c': None}
+plan = plpy.prepare("SELECT $1::text AS col1", ["hstore"])
+rv = plpy.execute(plan, [val])
+plpy.info(repr(rv[0]["col1"]))
+$$;
+SELECT test3();
+INFO:  {'aa': 'bb', 'cc': None}
+CONTEXT:  PL/Python function "test3"
+INFO:  '"a"=>"1", "b"=>"boo", "c"=>NULL'
+CONTEXT:  PL/Python function "test3"
+ test3 
+-------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+-- test trigger
+CREATE TABLE test1 (a int, b hstore);
+INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (1, 'aa=>bb, cc=>NULL');
+SELECT * FROM test1;
+ a |           b            
+---+------------------------
+ 1 | "aa"=>"bb", "cc"=>NULL
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test4() RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+plpy.info("Trigger row: {'a': %r, 'b': %r}" % (TD["new"]["a"], TD["new"]["b"]))
+if TD["new"]["a"] == 1:
+    TD["new"]["b"] = {'a': 1, 'b': 'boo', 'c': None}
+
+return "MODIFY"
+$$;
+CREATE TRIGGER test4 BEFORE UPDATE ON test1 FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test4();
+UPDATE test1 SET a = a;
+INFO:  Trigger row: {'a': 1, 'b': {'aa': 'bb', 'cc': None}}
+CONTEXT:  PL/Python function "test4"
+SELECT * FROM test1;
+ a |                b                
+---+---------------------------------
+ 1 | "a"=>"1", "b"=>"boo", "c"=>NULL
+(1 row)
+

contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpython.c

+#include "postgres.h"
+#include "fmgr.h"
+#include "plpython.h"
+#include "plpy_typeio.h"
+#include "hstore.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(hstore_to_plpython);
+Datum hstore_to_plpython(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
+
+Datum
+hstore_to_plpython(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	HStore	   *in = PG_GETARG_HS(0);
+	int			i;
+	int			count = HS_COUNT(in);
+	char	   *base = STRPTR(in);
+	HEntry	   *entries = ARRPTR(in);
+	PyObject   *dict;
+
+	dict = PyDict_New();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+	{
+		PyObject   *key;
+
+		key = PyString_FromStringAndSize(HS_KEY(entries, base, i), HS_KEYLEN(entries, i));
+		if (HS_VALISNULL(entries, i))
+			PyDict_SetItem(dict, key, Py_None);
+		else
+		{
+			PyObject *value;
+
+			value = PyString_FromStringAndSize(HS_VAL(entries, base,i), HS_VALLEN(entries, i));
+			PyDict_SetItem(dict, key, value);
+			Py_XDECREF(value);
+		}
+		Py_XDECREF(key);
+	}
+
+	return PointerGetDatum(dict);
+}
+
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(plpython_to_hstore);
+Datum plpython_to_hstore(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
+
+Datum
+plpython_to_hstore(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	PyObject   *dict;
+	volatile PyObject *items_v = NULL;
+	int32		pcount;
+	HStore	   *out;
+
+	dict = (PyObject *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	if (!PyMapping_Check(dict))
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
+				 errmsg("not a Python mapping")));
+
+	pcount = PyMapping_Size(dict);
+	items_v = PyMapping_Items(dict);
+
+	PG_TRY();
+	{
+		int32		buflen;
+		int32		i;
+		Pairs	   *pairs;
+		PyObject   *items = (PyObject *) items_v;
+
+		pairs = palloc(pcount * sizeof(*pairs));
+
+		for (i = 0; i < pcount; i++)
+		{
+			PyObject *tuple;
+			PyObject *key;
+			PyObject *value;
+
+			tuple = PyList_GetItem(items, i);
+			key = PyTuple_GetItem(tuple, 0);
+			value = PyTuple_GetItem(tuple, 1);
+
+			pairs[i].key = PLyObject_AsString(key);
+			pairs[i].keylen = hstoreCheckKeyLen(strlen(pairs[i].key));
+			pairs[i].needfree = true;
+
+			if (value == Py_None)
+			{
+				pairs[i].val = NULL;
+				pairs[i].vallen = 0;
+				pairs[i].isnull = true;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				pairs[i].val = PLyObject_AsString(value);
+				pairs[i].vallen = hstoreCheckValLen(strlen(pairs[i].val));
+				pairs[i].isnull = false;
+			}
+		}
+		Py_DECREF(items_v);
+
+		pcount = hstoreUniquePairs(pairs, pcount, &buflen);
+		out = hstorePairs(pairs, pcount, buflen);
+	}
+	PG_CATCH();
+	{
+		Py_DECREF(items_v);
+		PG_RE_THROW();
+	}
+	PG_END_TRY();
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(out);
+}

contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpython2u--1.0.sql

+-- make sure the prerequisite libraries are loaded
+DO '1' LANGUAGE plpython2u;
+SELECT NULL::hstore;
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION hstore_to_plpython2(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'hstore_to_plpython';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION plpython2_to_hstore(val internal) RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'plpython_to_hstore';
+
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpython2u (
+    FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plpython2(internal),
+    TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plpython2_to_hstore(internal)
+);
+
+COMMENT ON TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpython2u IS 'transform between hstore and Python dict';

contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpython2u.control

+# hstore_plpython2u extension
+comment = 'transform between hstore and plpython2u'
+default_version = '1.0'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/hstore_plpython2'
+relocatable = true
+requires = 'hstore,plpython2u'

contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpython3u--1.0.sql

+-- make sure the prerequisite libraries are loaded
+DO '1' LANGUAGE plpython3u;
+SELECT NULL::hstore;
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION hstore_to_plpython3(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'hstore_to_plpython';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION plpython3_to_hstore(val internal) RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'plpython_to_hstore';
+
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpython3u (
+    FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plpython3(internal),
+    TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plpython3_to_hstore(internal)
+);
+
+COMMENT ON TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpython3u IS 'transform between hstore and Python dict';

contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpython3u.control

+# hstore_plpython3u extension
+comment = 'transform between hstore and plpython3u'
+default_version = '1.0'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/hstore_plpython3'
+relocatable = true
+requires = 'hstore,plpython3u'

contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpythonu--1.0.sql

+-- make sure the prerequisite libraries are loaded
+DO '1' LANGUAGE plpythonu;
+SELECT NULL::hstore;
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION hstore_to_plpython(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME';
+
+CREATE FUNCTION plpython_to_hstore(val internal) RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME';
+
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpythonu (
+    FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plpython(internal),
+    TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plpython_to_hstore(internal)
+);
+
+COMMENT ON TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpythonu IS 'transform between hstore and Python dict';

contrib/hstore_plpython/hstore_plpythonu.control

+# hstore_plpythonu extension
+comment = 'transform between hstore and plpythonu'
+default_version = '1.0'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/hstore_plpython2'
+relocatable = true
+requires = 'hstore,plpythonu'

contrib/hstore_plpython/sql/hstore_plpython.sql

+CREATE EXTENSION plpython2u;
+CREATE EXTENSION hstore_plpython2u;
+
+
+-- test hstore -> python
+CREATE FUNCTION test1(val hstore) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+assert isinstance(val, dict)
+plpy.info(sorted(val.items()))
+return len(val)
+$$;
+
+SELECT test1('aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore);
+
+
+-- the same with the versioned language name
+CREATE FUNCTION test1n(val hstore) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plpython2u
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+assert isinstance(val, dict)
+plpy.info(sorted(val.items()))
+return len(val)
+$$;
+
+SELECT test1n('aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore);
+
+
+-- test hstore[] -> python
+CREATE FUNCTION test1arr(val hstore[]) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+plpy.info(repr(val))
+return len(val)
+$$;
+
+SELECT test1arr(array['aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore, 'dd=>ee']);
+
+
+-- test python -> hstore
+CREATE FUNCTION test2() RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+val = {'a': 1, 'b': 'boo', 'c': None}
+return val
+$$;
+
+SELECT test2();
+
+
+-- test python -> hstore[]
+CREATE FUNCTION test2arr() RETURNS hstore[]
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+val = [{'a': 1, 'b': 'boo', 'c': None}, {'d': 2}]
+return val
+$$;
+
+ SELECT test2arr();
+
+
+-- test as part of prepare/execute
+CREATE FUNCTION test3() RETURNS void
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+rv = plpy.execute("SELECT 'aa=>bb, cc=>NULL'::hstore AS col1")
+plpy.info(repr(rv[0]["col1"]))
+
+val = {'a': 1, 'b': 'boo', 'c': None}
+plan = plpy.prepare("SELECT $1::text AS col1", ["hstore"])
+rv = plpy.execute(plan, [val])
+plpy.info(repr(rv[0]["col1"]))
+$$;
+
+SELECT test3();
+
+
+-- test trigger
+CREATE TABLE test1 (a int, b hstore);
+INSERT INTO test1 VALUES (1, 'aa=>bb, cc=>NULL');
+SELECT * FROM test1;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test4() RETURNS trigger
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE hstore
+AS $$
+plpy.info("Trigger row: {'a': %r, 'b': %r}" % (TD["new"]["a"], TD["new"]["b"]))
+if TD["new"]["a"] == 1:
+    TD["new"]["b"] = {'a': 1, 'b': 'boo', 'c': None}
+
+return "MODIFY"
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER test4 BEFORE UPDATE ON test1 FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE test4();
+
+UPDATE test1 SET a = a;
+SELECT * FROM test1;

contrib/ltree_plpython/.gitignore

+# Generated subdirectories
+/expected/python3/
+/log/
+/results/
+/sql/python3/
+/tmp_check/

contrib/ltree_plpython/Makefile

+# contrib/ltree_plpython/Makefile
+
+MODULE_big = ltree_plpython$(python_majorversion)
+OBJS = ltree_plpython.o
+
+PG_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src/pl/plpython $(python_includespec) -I$(top_srcdir)/contrib/ltree
+
+EXTENSION = ltree_plpythonu ltree_plpython2u ltree_plpython3u
+DATA = ltree_plpythonu--1.0.sql ltree_plpython2u--1.0.sql ltree_plpython3u--1.0.sql
+
+REGRESS = ltree_plpython
+REGRESS_PLPYTHON3_MANGLE := $(REGRESS)
+
+ifdef USE_PGXS
+PG_CONFIG = pg_config
+PGXS := $(shell $(PG_CONFIG) --pgxs)
+include $(PGXS)
+else
+subdir = contrib/ltree_plpython
+top_builddir = ../..
+include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
+include $(top_srcdir)/contrib/contrib-global.mk
+endif
+
+REGRESS_OPTS = --load-extension=ltree
+ifeq ($(python_majorversion),2)
+REGRESS_OPTS += --load-extension=plpythonu --load-extension=ltree_plpythonu
+endif
+EXTRA_INSTALL = contrib/ltree
+
+include $(top_srcdir)/src/pl/plpython/regress-python3-mangle.mk

contrib/ltree_plpython/expected/ltree_plpython.out

+CREATE EXTENSION plpython2u;
+CREATE EXTENSION ltree_plpython2u;
+CREATE FUNCTION test1(val ltree) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE ltree
+AS $$
+plpy.info(repr(val))
+return len(val)
+$$;
+SELECT test1('aa.bb.cc'::ltree);
+INFO:  ['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
+CONTEXT:  PL/Python function "test1"
+ test1 
+-------
+     3
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1n(val ltree) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plpython2u
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE ltree
+AS $$
+plpy.info(repr(val))
+return len(val)
+$$;
+SELECT test1n('aa.bb.cc'::ltree);
+INFO:  ['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
+CONTEXT:  PL/Python function "test1n"
+ test1n 
+--------
+      3
+(1 row)
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test2() RETURNS ltree
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE ltree
+AS $$
+return ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+$$;
+-- plpython to ltree is not yet implemented, so this will fail,
+-- because it will try to parse the Python list as an ltree input
+-- string.
+SELECT test2();
+ERROR:  syntax error at position 0
+CONTEXT:  while creating return value
+PL/Python function "test2"

contrib/ltree_plpython/ltree_plpython.c

+#include "postgres.h"
+#include "fmgr.h"
+#include "plpython.h"
+#include "ltree.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ltree_to_plpython);
+Datum ltree_to_plpython(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
+
+Datum
+ltree_to_plpython(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	ltree	   *in = PG_GETARG_LTREE(0);
+	int			i;
+	PyObject   *list;
+	ltree_level *curlevel;
+
+	list = PyList_New(in->numlevel);
+
+	curlevel = LTREE_FIRST(in);
+	for (i = 0; i < in->numlevel; i++)
+	{
+		PyList_SetItem(list, i, PyString_FromStringAndSize(curlevel->name, curlevel->len));
+		curlevel = LEVEL_NEXT(curlevel);
+	}
+
+	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(in, 0);
+
+	return PointerGetDatum(list);
+}

contrib/ltree_plpython/ltree_plpython2u--1.0.sql

+-- make sure the prerequisite libraries are loaded
+DO '1' LANGUAGE plpython2u;
+SELECT NULL::ltree;
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION ltree_to_plpython2(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'ltree_to_plpython';
+
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR ltree LANGUAGE plpython2u (
+    FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION ltree_to_plpython2(internal)
+);

contrib/ltree_plpython/ltree_plpython2u.control

+# ltree_plpython2u extension
+comment = 'transform between ltree and plpython2u'
+default_version = '1.0'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/ltree_plpython2'
+relocatable = true
+requires = 'ltree,plpython2u'

contrib/ltree_plpython/ltree_plpython3u--1.0.sql

+-- make sure the prerequisite libraries are loaded
+DO '1' LANGUAGE plpython3u;
+SELECT NULL::ltree;
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION ltree_to_plpython3(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'ltree_to_plpython';
+
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR ltree LANGUAGE plpython3u (
+    FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION ltree_to_plpython3(internal)
+);

contrib/ltree_plpython/ltree_plpython3u.control

+# ltree_plpython3u extension
+comment = 'transform between ltree and plpython3u'
+default_version = '1.0'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/ltree_plpython3'
+relocatable = true
+requires = 'ltree,plpython3u'

contrib/ltree_plpython/ltree_plpythonu--1.0.sql

+-- make sure the prerequisite libraries are loaded
+DO '1' LANGUAGE plpythonu;
+SELECT NULL::ltree;
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION ltree_to_plpython(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME';
+
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR ltree LANGUAGE plpythonu (
+    FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION ltree_to_plpython(internal)
+);

contrib/ltree_plpython/ltree_plpythonu.control

+# ltree_plpythonu extension
+comment = 'transform between ltree and plpythonu'
+default_version = '1.0'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/ltree_plpython2'
+relocatable = true
+requires = 'ltree,plpythonu'

contrib/ltree_plpython/sql/ltree_plpython.sql

+CREATE EXTENSION plpython2u;
+CREATE EXTENSION ltree_plpython2u;
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1(val ltree) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE ltree
+AS $$
+plpy.info(repr(val))
+return len(val)
+$$;
+
+SELECT test1('aa.bb.cc'::ltree);
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test1n(val ltree) RETURNS int
+LANGUAGE plpython2u
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE ltree
+AS $$
+plpy.info(repr(val))
+return len(val)
+$$;
+
+SELECT test1n('aa.bb.cc'::ltree);
+
+
+CREATE FUNCTION test2() RETURNS ltree
+LANGUAGE plpythonu
+TRANSFORM FOR TYPE ltree
+AS $$
+return ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+$$;
+
+-- plpython to ltree is not yet implemented, so this will fail,
+-- because it will try to parse the Python list as an ltree input
+-- string.
+SELECT test2();

doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml

@@ -273,6 +273,11 @@
       <entry>tablespaces within this database cluster</entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><link linkend="catalog-pg-transform"><structname>pg_transform</structname></link></entry>
+      <entry>transforms (data type to procedural language conversions)</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry><link linkend="catalog-pg-trigger"><structname>pg_trigger</structname></link></entry>
       <entry>triggers</entry>
@@ -5071,6 +5076,15 @@
       </entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>protrftypes</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>oid[]</type></entry>
+      <entry></entry>
+      <entry>
+       Data type OIDs for which to apply transforms.
+      </entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry><structfield>prosrc</structfield></entry>
       <entry><type>text</type></entry>
@@ -6071,6 +6085,74 @@
  </sect1>
 
 
+ <sect1 id="catalog-pg-transform">
+  <title><structname>pg_transform</structname></title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="catalog-pg-transform">
+   <primary>pg_transform</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+
+  <para>
+   The catalog <structname>pg_transform</structname> stores information about
+   transforms, which are a mechanism to adapt data types to procedural
+   languages.  See <xref linkend="sql-createtransform"> for more information.
+  </para>
+
+  <table>
+   <title><structname>pg_transform</> Columns</title>
+
+   <tgroup cols="4">
+    <thead>
+     <row>
+      <entry>Name</entry>
+      <entry>Type</entry>
+      <entry>References</entry>
+      <entry>Description</entry>
+     </row>
+    </thead>
+
+    <tbody>
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>trftype</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>oid</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-type"><structname>pg_type</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>OID of the data type this transform is for</entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>trflang</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>oid</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-language"><structname>pg_language</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>OID of the language this transform is for</entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>trffromsql</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>
+       The OID of the function to use when converting the data type for input
+       to the procedural language (e.g., function parameters).  Zero is stored
+       if this operation is not supported.
+      </entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>trftosql</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>
+       The OID of the function to use when converting output from the
+       procedural language (e.g., return values) to the data type.  Zero is
+       stored if this operation is not supported.
+      </entry>
+     </row>
+    </tbody>
+   </tgroup>
+  </table>
+ </sect1>
+
+
  <sect1 id="catalog-pg-trigger">
   <title><structname>pg_trigger</structname></title>
 

doc/src/sgml/hstore.sgml

@@ -596,6 +596,25 @@ ALTER TABLE tablename ALTER hstorecol TYPE hstore USING hstorecol || '';
 
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Transforms</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Additional extensions are available that implement transforms for
+   the <type>hstore</type> type for the languages PL/Perl and PL/Python.  The
+   extensions for PL/Perl are called <literal>hstore_plperl</literal>
+   and <literal>hstore_plperlu</literal>, for trusted and untrusted PL/Perl.
+   If you install these transforms and specify them when creating a
+   function, <type>hstore</type> values are mapped to Perl hashes.  The
+   extensions for PL/Python are
+   called <literal>hstore_plpythonu</literal>, <literal>hstore_plpython2u</literal>,
+   and <literal>hstore_plpython3u</literal>
+   (see <xref linkend="plpython-python23"> for the PL/Python naming
+   convention).  If you use them, <type>hstore</type> values are mapped to
+   Python dictionaries.
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Authors</title>
 

doc/src/sgml/information_schema.sgml

@@ -5519,6 +5519,91 @@ ORDER BY c.ordinal_position;
   </table>
  </sect1>
 
+ <sect1 id="infoschema-transforms">
+  <title><literal>transforms</literal></title>
+
+  <para>
+   The view <literal>transforms</literal> contains information about the
+   transforms defined in the current database.  More precisely, it contains a
+   row for each function contained in a transform (the <quote>from SQL</quote>
+   or <quote>to SQL</quote> function).
+  </para>
+
+  <table>
+   <title><literal>transforms</literal> Columns</title>
+
+   <tgroup cols="3">
+    <thead>
+     <row>
+      <entry>Name</entry>
+      <entry>Data Type</entry>
+      <entry>Description</entry>
+     </row>
+    </thead>
+
+    <tbody>
+     <row>
+      <entry><literal>udt_catalog</literal></entry>
+      <entry><type>sql_identifier</type></entry>
+      <entry>Name of the database that contains the type the transform is for (always the current database)</entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry><literal>udt_schema</literal></entry>
+      <entry><type>sql_identifier</type></entry>
+      <entry>Name of the schema that contains the type the transform is for</entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry><literal>udt_name</literal></entry>
+      <entry><type>sql_identifier</type></entry>
+      <entry>Name of the type the transform is for</entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry><literal>specific_catalog</literal></entry>
+      <entry><literal>sql_identifier</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Name of the database containing the function (always the current database)</entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry><literal>specific_schema</literal></entry>
+      <entry><literal>sql_identifier</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Name of the schema containing the function</entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry><literal>specific_name</literal></entry>
+      <entry><literal>sql_identifier</literal></entry>
+      <entry>
+       The <quote>specific name</quote> of the function.  See <xref
+       linkend="infoschema-routines"> for more information.
+      </entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry><literal>group_name</literal></entry>
+      <entry><literal>sql_identifier</literal></entry>
+      <entry>
+       The SQL standard allows defining transforms in <quote>groups</quote>,
+       and selecting a group at run time.  PostgreSQL does not support this.
+       Instead, transforms are specific to a language.  As a compromise, this
+       field contains the language the transform is for.
+      </entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry><literal>transform_type</literal></entry>
+      <entry><type>character_data</type></entry>
+      <entry>
+       <literal>FROM SQL</literal> or <literal>TO SQL</literal>
+      </entry>
+     </row>
+    </tbody>
+   </tgroup>
+  </table>
+ </sect1>
+
  <sect1 id="infoschema-triggered-update-columns">
   <title><literal>triggered_update_columns</literal></title>
 

doc/src/sgml/ltree.sgml

@@ -664,6 +664,21 @@ ltreetest=> SELECT ins_label(path,2,'Space') FROM test WHERE path <@ 'Top.
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2>
+  <title>Transforms</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Additional extensions are available that implement transforms for
+   the <type>ltree</type> type for PL/Python.  The extensions are
+   called <literal>ltree_plpythonu</literal>, <literal>ltree_plpython2u</literal>,
+   and <literal>ltree_plpython3u</literal>
+   (see <xref linkend="plpython-python23"> for the PL/Python naming
+   convention).  If you install these transforms and specify them when
+   creating a function, <type>ltree</type> values are mapped to Python lists.
+   (The reverse is currently not supported, however.)
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Authors</title>
 

doc/src/sgml/ref/allfiles.sgml

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ Complete list of usable sgml source files in this directory.
 <!ENTITY createTable        SYSTEM "create_table.sgml">
 <!ENTITY createTableAs      SYSTEM "create_table_as.sgml">
 <!ENTITY createTableSpace   SYSTEM "create_tablespace.sgml">
+<!ENTITY createTransform    SYSTEM "create_transform.sgml">
 <!ENTITY createTrigger      SYSTEM "create_trigger.sgml">
 <!ENTITY createTSConfig     SYSTEM "create_tsconfig.sgml">
 <!ENTITY createTSDictionary SYSTEM "create_tsdictionary.sgml">
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ Complete list of usable sgml source files in this directory.
 <!ENTITY dropServer         SYSTEM "drop_server.sgml">
 <!ENTITY dropTable          SYSTEM "drop_table.sgml">
 <!ENTITY dropTableSpace     SYSTEM "drop_tablespace.sgml">
+<!ENTITY dropTransform      SYSTEM "drop_transform.sgml">
 <!ENTITY dropTrigger        SYSTEM "drop_trigger.sgml">
 <!ENTITY dropTSConfig       SYSTEM "drop_tsconfig.sgml">
 <!ENTITY dropTSDictionary   SYSTEM "drop_tsdictionary.sgml">

doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_extension.sgml

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ ALTER EXTENSION <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> DROP <replacea
   TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY <replaceable class="PARAMETER">object_name</replaceable> |
   TEXT SEARCH PARSER <replaceable class="PARAMETER">object_name</replaceable> |
   TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">object_name</replaceable> |
+  TRANSFORM FOR <replaceable>type_name</replaceable> LANGUAGE <replaceable>lang_name</replaceable> |
   TYPE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">object_name</replaceable> |
   VIEW <replaceable class="PARAMETER">object_name</replaceable>
 
@@ -259,6 +260,26 @@ ALTER EXTENSION <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> DROP <replacea
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><replaceable>type_name</replaceable></term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The name of the data type of the transform.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><replaceable>lang_name</replaceable></term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The name of the language of the transform.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>
  </refsect1>

doc/src/sgml/ref/comment.sgml

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ COMMENT ON
   TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY <replaceable class="PARAMETER">object_name</replaceable> |
   TEXT SEARCH PARSER <replaceable class="PARAMETER">object_name</replaceable> |
   TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">object_name</replaceable> |
+  TRANSFORM FOR <replaceable>type_name</replaceable> LANGUAGE <replaceable>lang_name</replaceable> |
   TRIGGER <replaceable class="PARAMETER">trigger_name</replaceable> ON <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table_name</replaceable> |
   TYPE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">object_name</replaceable> |
   VIEW <replaceable class="PARAMETER">object_name</replaceable>
@@ -225,6 +226,26 @@ COMMENT ON
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><replaceable>type_name</replaceable></term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The name of the data type of the transform.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><replaceable>lang_name</replaceable></term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The name of the language of the transform.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
    <varlistentry>
     <term><replaceable class="parameter">text</replaceable></term>
     <listitem>
@@ -305,6 +326,7 @@ COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION my_config IS 'Special word filtering';
 COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY swedish IS 'Snowball stemmer for Swedish language';
 COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH PARSER my_parser IS 'Splits text into words';
 COMMENT ON TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE snowball IS 'Snowball stemmer';
+COMMENT ON TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpythonu IS 'Transform between hstore and Python dict';
 COMMENT ON TRIGGER my_trigger ON my_table IS 'Used for RI';
 COMMENT ON TYPE complex IS 'Complex number data type';
 COMMENT ON VIEW my_view IS 'View of departmental costs';

doc/src/sgml/ref/create_function.sgml

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
     [ RETURNS <replaceable class="parameter">rettype</replaceable>
       | RETURNS TABLE ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> <replaceable class="parameter">column_type</replaceable> [, ...] ) ]
   { LANGUAGE <replaceable class="parameter">lang_name</replaceable>
+    | TRANSFORM { FOR TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">type_name</replaceable> } [, ... ]
     | WINDOW
     | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE | [ NOT ] LEAKPROOF
     | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
@@ -260,6 +261,23 @@ CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><literal>TRANSFORM { FOR TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">type_name</replaceable> } [, ... ] }</literal></term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Lists which transforms a call to the function should apply.  Transforms
+       convert between SQL types and language-specific data types;
+       see <xref linkend="sql-createtransform">.  Procedural language
+       implementations usually have hardcoded knowledge of the built-in types,
+       so those don't need to be listed here.  If a procedural language
+       implementation does not know how to handle a type and no transform is
+       supplied, it will fall back to a default behavior for converting data
+       types, but this depends on the implementation.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
     <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>WINDOW</literal></term>
 

doc/src/sgml/ref/create_transform.sgml

+<!-- doc/src/sgml/ref/create_transform.sgml -->
+
+<refentry id="SQL-CREATETRANSFORM">
+ <indexterm zone="sql-createtransform">
+  <primary>CREATE TRANSFORM</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <refmeta>
+  <refentrytitle>CREATE TRANSFORM</refentrytitle>
+  <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+  <refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+  <refname>CREATE TRANSFORM</refname>
+  <refpurpose>define a new transform</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+<synopsis>
+CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] TRANSFORM FOR <replaceable>type_name</replaceable> LANGUAGE <replaceable>lang_name</replaceable> (
+    FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION <replaceable>from_sql_function_name</replaceable> (<replaceable>argument_type</replaceable> [, ...]),
+    TO SQL WITH FUNCTION <replaceable>to_sql_function_name</replaceable> (<replaceable>argument_type</replaceable> [, ...])
+);
+</synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1 id="sql-createtransform-description">
+  <title>Description</title>
+
+  <para>
+   <command>CREATE TRANSFORM</command> defines a new transform.
+   <command>CREATE OR REPLACE TRANSFORM</command> will either create a new
+   transform, or replace an existing definition.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   A transform specifies how to adapt a data type to a procedural language.
+   For example, when writing a function in PL/Python using
+   the <type>hstore</type> type, PL/Python has no prior knowledge how to
+   present <type>hstore</type> values in the Python environment.  Language
+   implementations usually default to using the text representation, but that
+   is inconvenient when, for example, an associative array or a list would be
+   more appropriate.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   A transform specifies two functions:
+   <itemizedlist>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      A <quote>from SQL</quote> function that converts the type from the SQL
+      environment to the language.  This function will be invoked on the
+      arguments of a function written in the language.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      A <quote>to SQL</quote> function that converts the type from the
+      language to the SQL environment.  This function will be invoked on the
+      return value of a function written in the language.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+   It is not necessary to provide both of these functions.  If one is not
+   specified, the language-specific default behavior will be used if
+   necessary.  (To prevent a transformation in a certain direction from
+   happening at all, you could also write a transform function that always
+   errors out.)
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   To be able to create a transform, you must own and
+   have <literal>USAGE</literal> privilege on the type, have
+   <literal>USAGE</literal> privilege on the language, and own and
+   have <literal>EXECUTE</literal> privilege on the from-SQL and to-SQL
+   functions, if specified.
+  </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>Parameters</title>
+
+   <variablelist>
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><replaceable>type_name</replaceable></term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The name of the data type of the transform.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><replaceable>lang_name</replaceable></term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The name of the language of the transform.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><replaceable>from_sql_function_name</replaceable>(<replaceable>argument_type</replaceable> [, ...])</term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The name of the function for converting the type from the SQL
+       environment to the language.  It must take one argument of
+       type <type>internal</type> and return type <type>internal</type>.  The
+       actual argument will be of the type for the transform, and the function
+       should be coded as if it were.  (But it is not allowed to declare an
+       SQL-level function function returning <type>internal</type> without at
+       least one argument of type <type>internal</type>.)  The actual return
+       value will be something specific to the language implementation.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><replaceable>to_sql_function_name</replaceable>(<replaceable>argument_type</replaceable> [, ...])</term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The name of the function for converting the type from the language to
+       the SQL environment.  It must take one argument of type
+       <type>internal</type> and return the type that is the type for the
+       transform.  The actual argument value will be something specific to the
+       language implementation.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+   </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id="sql-createtransform-notes">
+  <title>Notes</title>
+
+  <para>
+   Use <xref linkend="sql-droptransform"> to remove transforms.
+  </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id="sql-createtransform-examples">
+  <title>Examples</title>
+
+  <para>
+   To create a transform for type <type>hstore</type> and language
+   <literal>plpythonu</literal>, first set up the type and the language:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TYPE hstore ...;
+
+CREATE LANGUAGE plpythonu ...;
+</programlisting>
+   Then create the necessary functions:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION hstore_to_plpython(val internal) RETURNS internal
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS ...;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION plpython_to_hstore(val internal) RETURNS hstore
+LANGUAGE C STRICT IMMUTABLE
+AS ...;
+</programlisting>
+   And finally create the transform to connect them all together:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpythonu (
+    FROM SQL WITH FUNCTION hstore_to_plpython(internal),
+    TO SQL WITH FUNCTION plpython_to_hstore(internal)
+);
+</programlisting>
+   In practice, these commands would be wrapped up in extensions.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The <filename>contrib</filename> section contains a number of extensions
+   that provide transforms, which can serve as real-world examples.
+  </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id="sql-createtransform-compat">
+  <title>Compatibility</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This form of <command>CREATE TRANSFORM</command> is a
+   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.  There is a <command>CREATE
+   TRANSFORM</command> command in the <acronym>SQL</acronym> standard, but it
+   is for adapting data types to client languages.  That usage is not supported
+   by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
+  </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id="sql-createtransform-seealso">
+  <title>See Also</title>
+
+  <para>
+   <xref linkend="sql-createfunction">,
+   <xref linkend="sql-createlanguage">,
+   <xref linkend="sql-createtype">,
+   <xref linkend="sql-droptransform">
+  </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>

doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_transform.sgml

+<!-- doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_transform.sgml -->
+
+<refentry id="SQL-DROPTRANSFORM">
+ <indexterm zone="sql-droptransform">
+  <primary>DROP TRANSFORM</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <refmeta>
+  <refentrytitle>DROP TRANSFORM</refentrytitle>
+  <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+  <refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+  <refname>DROP TRANSFORM</refname>
+  <refpurpose>remove a transform</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+<synopsis>
+DROP TRANSFORM [ IF EXISTS ] FOR <replaceable>type_name</replaceable> LANGUAGE <replaceable>lang_name</replaceable>
+</synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1 id="sql-droptransform-description">
+  <title>Description</title>
+
+  <para>
+   <command>DROP TRANSFORM</command> removes a previously defined transform.
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   To be able to drop a transform, you must own the type and the language.
+   These are the same privileges that are required to create a transform.
+  </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>Parameters</title>
+
+   <variablelist>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><literal>IF EXISTS</literal></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      Do not throw an error if the transform does not exist. A notice is issued
+      in this case.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><replaceable>type_name</replaceable></term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The name of the data type of the transform.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><replaceable>lang_name</replaceable></term>
+
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       The name of the language of the transform.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><literal>CASCADE</literal></term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Automatically drop objects that depend on the transform.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+
+    <varlistentry>
+     <term><literal>RESTRICT</literal></term>
+     <listitem>
+      <para>
+       Refuse to drop the transform if any objects depend on it.  This is the
+       default.
+      </para>
+     </listitem>
+    </varlistentry>
+   </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id="sql-droptransform-examples">
+  <title>Examples</title>
+
+  <para>
+   To drop the transform for type <type>hstore</type> and language
+   <literal>plpythonu</literal>:
+<programlisting>
+DROP TRANSFORM FOR hstore LANGUAGE plpythonu;
+</programlisting></para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1 id="sql-droptransform-compat">
+  <title>Compatibility</title>
+
+  <para>
+   This form of <command>DROP TRANSFORM</command> is a
+   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.  See <xref
+   linkend="sql-createtransform"> for details.
+  </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>See Also</title>
+
+  <simplelist type="inline">
+   <member><xref linkend="sql-createtransform"></member>
+  </simplelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>

doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml

@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@
    &createTSDictionary;
    &createTSParser;
    &createTSTemplate;
+   &createTransform;
    &createTrigger;
    &createType;
    &createUser;
@@ -152,6 +153,7 @@
    &dropTSDictionary;
    &dropTSParser;
    &dropTSTemplate;
+   &dropTransform;
    &dropTrigger;
    &dropType;
    &dropUser;

src/Makefile.shlib

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ ifeq ($(PORTNAME), darwin)
   else
     # loadable module
     DLSUFFIX		= .so
-    LINK.shared		= $(COMPILER) -bundle -multiply_defined suppress
+    LINK.shared		= $(COMPILER) -bundle -multiply_defined suppress -Wl,-undefined,dynamic_lookup
   endif
   BUILD.exports		= $(AWK) '/^[^\#]/ {printf "_%s\n",$$1}' $< >$@
   exports_file		= $(SHLIB_EXPORTS:%.txt=%.list)

src/backend/catalog/Makefile

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ POSTGRES_BKI_SRCS = $(addprefix $(top_srcdir)/src/include/catalog/,\
 	pg_foreign_data_wrapper.h pg_foreign_server.h pg_user_mapping.h \
 	pg_foreign_table.h pg_policy.h \
 	pg_default_acl.h pg_seclabel.h pg_shseclabel.h pg_collation.h pg_range.h \
+	pg_transform.h \
 	toasting.h indexing.h \
     )
 

src/backend/catalog/dependency.c

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_rewrite.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_transform.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_ts_config.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_ts_dict.h"
@@ -1265,6 +1266,10 @@ doDeletion(const ObjectAddress *object, int flags)
 			RemovePolicyById(object->objectId);
 			break;
 
+		case OCLASS_TRANSFORM:
+			DropTransformById(object->objectId);
+			break;
+
 		default:
 			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized object class: %u",
 				 object->classId);
@@ -2373,6 +2378,9 @@ getObjectClass(const ObjectAddress *object)
 
 		case PolicyRelationId:
 			return OCLASS_POLICY;
+
+		case TransformRelationId:
+			return OCLASS_TRANSFORM;
 	}
 
 	/* shouldn't get here */

src/backend/catalog/information_schema.sql

@@ -1928,7 +1928,39 @@ GRANT SELECT ON tables TO PUBLIC;
  * TRANSFORMS view
  */
 
--- feature not supported
+CREATE VIEW transforms AS
+    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS udt_catalog,
+           CAST(nt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_schema,
+           CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_name,
+           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS specific_catalog,
+           CAST(np.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS specific_schema,
+           CAST(p.proname || '_' || CAST(p.oid AS text) AS sql_identifier) AS specific_name,
+           CAST(l.lanname AS sql_identifier) AS group_name,
+           CAST('FROM SQL' AS character_data) AS transform_type
+    FROM pg_type t JOIN pg_transform x ON t.oid = x.trftype
+         JOIN pg_language l ON x.trflang = l.oid
+         JOIN pg_proc p ON x.trffromsql = p.oid
+         JOIN pg_namespace nt ON t.typnamespace = nt.oid
+         JOIN pg_namespace np ON p.pronamespace = np.oid
+
+  UNION
+
+    SELECT CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS udt_catalog,
+           CAST(nt.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_schema,
+           CAST(t.typname AS sql_identifier) AS udt_name,
+           CAST(current_database() AS sql_identifier) AS specific_catalog,
+           CAST(np.nspname AS sql_identifier) AS specific_schema,
+           CAST(p.proname || '_' || CAST(p.oid AS text) AS sql_identifier) AS specific_name,
+           CAST(l.lanname AS sql_identifier) AS group_name,
+           CAST('TO SQL' AS character_data) AS transform_type
+    FROM pg_type t JOIN pg_transform x ON t.oid = x.trftype
+         JOIN pg_language l ON x.trflang = l.oid
+         JOIN pg_proc p ON x.trftosql = p.oid
+         JOIN pg_namespace nt ON t.typnamespace = nt.oid
+         JOIN pg_namespace np ON p.pronamespace = np.oid
+
+  ORDER BY udt_catalog, udt_schema, udt_name, group_name, transform_type  -- some sensible grouping for interactive use
+;
 
 
 /*

src/backend/catalog/objectaddress.c

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_policy.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_rewrite.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_transform.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_ts_config.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_ts_dict.h"
@@ -334,6 +335,12 @@ static const ObjectPropertyType ObjectProperty[] =
 		ACL_KIND_TABLESPACE,
 		true
 	},
+	{
+		TransformRelationId,
+		TransformOidIndexId,
+		TRFOID,
+		InvalidAttrNumber
+	},
 	{
 		TriggerRelationId,
 		TriggerOidIndexId,
@@ -760,6 +767,19 @@ get_object_address(ObjectType objtype, List *objname, List *objargs,
 					address.objectSubId = 0;
 				}
 				break;
+			case OBJECT_TRANSFORM:
+				{
+					TypeName   *typename = (TypeName *) linitial(objname);
+					char	   *langname = (char *) linitial(objargs);
+					Oid			type_id = LookupTypeNameOid(NULL, typename, missing_ok);
+					Oid			lang_id = get_language_oid(langname, missing_ok);
+
+					address.classId = TransformRelationId;
+					address.objectId =
+						get_transform_oid(type_id, lang_id, missing_ok);
+					address.objectSubId = 0;
+				}
+				break;
 			case OBJECT_TSPARSER:
 				address.classId = TSParserRelationId;
 				address.objectId = get_ts_parser_oid(objname, missing_ok);
@@ -2006,6 +2026,15 @@ check_object_ownership(Oid roleid, ObjectType objtype, ObjectAddress address,
 									format_type_be(targettypeid))));
 			}
 			break;
+		case OBJECT_TRANSFORM:
+			{
+				TypeName   *typename = (TypeName *) linitial(objname);
+				Oid			typeid = typenameTypeId(NULL, typename);
+
+				if (!pg_type_ownercheck(typeid, roleid))
+					aclcheck_error_type(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, typeid);
+			}
+			break;
 		case OBJECT_TABLESPACE:
 			if (!pg_tablespace_ownercheck(address.objectId, roleid))
 				aclcheck_error(ACLCHECK_NOT_OWNER, ACL_KIND_TABLESPACE,
@@ -2467,19 +2496,10 @@ getObjectDescription(const ObjectAddress *object)
 			}
 
 		case OCLASS_LANGUAGE:
-			{
-				HeapTuple	langTup;
+			appendStringInfo(&buffer, _("language %s"),
+							 get_language_name(object->objectId, false));
+			break;
 
-				langTup = SearchSysCache1(LANGOID,
-										  ObjectIdGetDatum(object->objectId));
-				if (!HeapTupleIsValid(langTup))
-					elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for language %u",
-						 object->objectId);
-				appendStringInfo(&buffer, _("language %s"),
-				  NameStr(((Form_pg_language) GETSTRUCT(langTup))->lanname));
-				ReleaseSysCache(langTup);
-				break;
-			}
 		case OCLASS_LARGEOBJECT:
 			appendStringInfo(&buffer, _("large object %u"),
 							 object->objectId);
@@ -2667,6 +2687,27 @@ getObjectDescription(const ObjectAddress *object)
 				break;
 			}
 
+		case OCLASS_TRANSFORM:
+			{
+				HeapTuple	trfTup;
+				Form_pg_transform trfForm;
+
+				trfTup = SearchSysCache1(TRFOID,
+										  ObjectIdGetDatum(object->objectId));
+				if (!HeapTupleIsValid(trfTup))
+					elog(ERROR, "could not find tuple for transform %u",
+						 object->objectId);
+
+				trfForm = (Form_pg_transform) GETSTRUCT(trfTup);
+
+				appendStringInfo(&buffer, _("transform for %s language %s"),
+								 format_type_be(trfForm->trftype),
+								 get_language_name(trfForm->trflang, false));
+
+				ReleaseSysCache(trfTup);
+				break;
+			}
+
 		case OCLASS_TRIGGER:
 			{
 				Relation	trigDesc;

src/backend/catalog/pg_aggregate.c

@@ -545,6 +545,7 @@ AggregateCreate(const char *aggName,
 							 parameterModes,	/* parameterModes */
 							 parameterNames,	/* parameterNames */
 							 parameterDefaults, /* parameterDefaults */
+							 PointerGetDatum(NULL),	/* trftypes */
 							 PointerGetDatum(NULL),		/* proconfig */
 							 1, /* procost */
 							 0);	/* prorows */

src/backend/catalog/pg_proc.c

@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_proc_fn.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_transform.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "commands/defrem.h"
 #include "executor/functions.h"
 #include "funcapi.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ static bool match_prosrc_to_literal(const char *prosrc, const char *literal,
 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
  *		ProcedureCreate
  *
- * Note: allParameterTypes, parameterModes, parameterNames, and proconfig
+ * Note: allParameterTypes, parameterModes, parameterNames, trftypes, and proconfig
  * are either arrays of the proper types or NULL.  We declare them Datum,
  * not "ArrayType *", to avoid importing array.h into pg_proc_fn.h.
  * ----------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -86,6 +88,7 @@ ProcedureCreate(const char *procedureName,
 				Datum parameterModes,
 				Datum parameterNames,
 				List *parameterDefaults,
+				Datum trftypes,
 				Datum proconfig,
 				float4 procost,
 				float4 prorows)
@@ -116,6 +119,7 @@ ProcedureCreate(const char *procedureName,
 	ObjectAddress myself,
 				referenced;
 	int			i;
+	Oid			trfid;
 
 	/*
 	 * sanity checks
@@ -360,6 +364,10 @@ ProcedureCreate(const char *procedureName,
 		values[Anum_pg_proc_proargdefaults - 1] = CStringGetTextDatum(nodeToString(parameterDefaults));
 	else
 		nulls[Anum_pg_proc_proargdefaults - 1] = true;
+	if (trftypes != PointerGetDatum(NULL))
+		values[Anum_pg_proc_protrftypes - 1] = trftypes;
+	else
+		nulls[Anum_pg_proc_protrftypes - 1] = true;
 	values[Anum_pg_proc_prosrc - 1] = CStringGetTextDatum(prosrc);
 	if (probin)
 		values[Anum_pg_proc_probin - 1] = CStringGetTextDatum(probin);
@@ -624,6 +632,15 @@ ProcedureCreate(const char *procedureName,
 	referenced.objectSubId = 0;
 	recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);
 
+	/* dependency on transform used by return type, if any */
+	if ((trfid = get_transform_oid(returnType, languageObjectId, true)))
+	{
+		referenced.classId = TransformRelationId;
+		referenced.objectId = trfid;
+		referenced.objectSubId = 0;
+		recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);
+	}
+
 	/* dependency on parameter types */
 	for (i = 0; i < allParamCount; i++)
 	{
@@ -631,6 +648,15 @@ ProcedureCreate(const char *procedureName,
 		referenced.objectId = allParams[i];
 		referenced.objectSubId = 0;
 		recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);
+
+		/* dependency on transform used by parameter type, if any */
+		if ((trfid = get_transform_oid(allParams[i], languageObjectId, true)))
+		{
+			referenced.classId = TransformRelationId;
+			referenced.objectId = trfid;
+			referenced.objectSubId = 0;
+			recordDependencyOn(&myself, &referenced, DEPENDENCY_NORMAL);
+		}
 	}
 
 	/* dependency on parameter default expressions */
@@ -1128,3 +1154,21 @@ fail:
 	*newcursorpos = newcp;
 	return false;
 }
+
+List *
+oid_array_to_list(Datum datum)
+{
+	ArrayType *array = DatumGetArrayTypeP(datum);
+	Datum *values;
+	int nelems;
+	int i;
+	List *result = NIL;
+
+	deconstruct_array(array,
+					  OIDOID,
+					  sizeof(Oid), true, 'i',
+					  &values, NULL, &nelems);
+	for (i = 0; i < nelems; i++)
+		result = lappend_oid(result, values[i]);
+	return result;
+}

src/backend/commands/dropcmds.c

@@ -366,6 +366,14 @@ does_not_exist_skipping(ObjectType objtype, List *objname, List *objargs)
 				}
 			}
 			break;
+		case OBJECT_TRANSFORM:
+			if (!type_in_list_does_not_exist_skipping(objname, &msg, &name))
+			{
+				msg = gettext_noop("transform for type %s language %s does not exist, skipping");
+				name = TypeNameToString((TypeName *) linitial(objname));
+				args = (char *) linitial(objargs);
+			}
+			break;
 		case OBJECT_TRIGGER:
 			if (!owningrel_does_not_exist_skipping(objname, &msg, &name))
 			{

src/backend/commands/event_trigger.c

@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ static event_trigger_support_data event_trigger_support[] = {
 	{"SERVER", true},
 	{"TABLE", true},
 	{"TABLESPACE", false},
+	{"TRANSFORM", true},
 	{"TRIGGER", true},
 	{"TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION", true},
 	{"TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY", true},
@@ -1090,6 +1091,7 @@ EventTriggerSupportsObjectType(ObjectType obtype)
 		case OBJECT_SEQUENCE:
 		case OBJECT_TABCONSTRAINT:
 		case OBJECT_TABLE:
+		case OBJECT_TRANSFORM:
 		case OBJECT_TRIGGER:
 		case OBJECT_TSCONFIGURATION:
 		case OBJECT_TSDICTIONARY:
@@ -1137,6 +1139,7 @@ EventTriggerSupportsObjectClass(ObjectClass objclass)
 		case OCLASS_REWRITE:
 		case OCLASS_TRIGGER:
 		case OCLASS_SCHEMA:
+		case OCLASS_TRANSFORM:
 		case OCLASS_TSPARSER:
 		case OCLASS_TSDICT:
 		case OCLASS_TSTEMPLATE:

src/backend/commands/proclang.c

@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ CreateProceduralLanguage(CreatePLangStmt *stmt)
 									  PointerGetDatum(NULL),
 									  NIL,
 									  PointerGetDatum(NULL),
+									  PointerGetDatum(NULL),
 									  1,
 									  0);
 			handlerOid = tmpAddr.objectId;
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@ CreateProceduralLanguage(CreatePLangStmt *stmt)
 										  PointerGetDatum(NULL),
 										  NIL,
 										  PointerGetDatum(NULL),
+										  PointerGetDatum(NULL),
 										  1,
 										  0);
 				inlineOid = tmpAddr.objectId;
@@ -220,6 +222,7 @@ CreateProceduralLanguage(CreatePLangStmt *stmt)
 										  PointerGetDatum(NULL),
 										  NIL,
 										  PointerGetDatum(NULL),
+										  PointerGetDatum(NULL),
 										  1,
 										  0);
 				valOid = tmpAddr.objectId;

src/backend/commands/typecmds.c

@@ -1616,6 +1616,7 @@ makeRangeConstructors(const char *name, Oid namespace,
 								 PointerGetDatum(NULL), /* parameterModes */
 								 PointerGetDatum(NULL), /* parameterNames */
 								 NIL,	/* parameterDefaults */
+								 PointerGetDatum(NULL),		/* trftypes */
 								 PointerGetDatum(NULL), /* proconfig */
 								 1.0,	/* procost */
 								 0.0);	/* prorows */

src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c

@@ -3625,6 +3625,20 @@ _copyImportForeignSchemaStmt(const ImportForeignSchemaStmt *from)
 	return newnode;
 }
 
+static CreateTransformStmt *
+_copyCreateTransformStmt(const CreateTransformStmt *from)
+{
+	CreateTransformStmt *newnode = makeNode(CreateTransformStmt);
+
+	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(replace);
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(type_name);
+	COPY_STRING_FIELD(lang);
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(fromsql);
+	COPY_NODE_FIELD(tosql);
+
+	return newnode;
+}
+
 static CreateTrigStmt *
 _copyCreateTrigStmt(const CreateTrigStmt *from)
 {
@@ -4568,6 +4582,9 @@ copyObject(const void *from)
 		case T_ImportForeignSchemaStmt:
 			retval = _copyImportForeignSchemaStmt(from);
 			break;
+		case T_CreateTransformStmt:
+			retval = _copyCreateTransformStmt(from);
+			break;
 		case T_CreateTrigStmt:
 			retval = _copyCreateTrigStmt(from);
 			break;

src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c

@@ -1779,6 +1779,18 @@ _equalImportForeignSchemaStmt(const ImportForeignSchemaStmt *a, const ImportFore
 	return true;
 }
 
+static bool
+_equalCreateTransformStmt(const CreateTransformStmt *a, const CreateTransformStmt *b)
+{
+	COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(replace);
+	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(type_name);
+	COMPARE_STRING_FIELD(lang);
+	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fromsql);
+	COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(tosql);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 static bool
 _equalCreateTrigStmt(const CreateTrigStmt *a, const CreateTrigStmt *b)
 {
@@ -2991,6 +3003,9 @@ equal(const void *a, const void *b)
 		case T_ImportForeignSchemaStmt:
 			retval = _equalImportForeignSchemaStmt(a, b);
 			break;
+		case T_CreateTransformStmt:
+			retval = _equalCreateTransformStmt(a, b);
+			break;
 		case T_CreateTrigStmt:
 			retval = _equalCreateTrigStmt(a, b);
 			break;

src/backend/parser/gram.y

@@ -241,12 +241,13 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 		CreateOpFamilyStmt AlterOpFamilyStmt CreatePLangStmt
 		CreateSchemaStmt CreateSeqStmt CreateStmt CreateTableSpaceStmt
 		CreateFdwStmt CreateForeignServerStmt CreateForeignTableStmt
-		CreateAssertStmt CreateTrigStmt CreateEventTrigStmt
+		CreateAssertStmt CreateTransformStmt CreateTrigStmt CreateEventTrigStmt
 		CreateUserStmt CreateUserMappingStmt CreateRoleStmt CreatePolicyStmt
 		CreatedbStmt DeclareCursorStmt DefineStmt DeleteStmt DiscardStmt DoStmt
 		DropGroupStmt DropOpClassStmt DropOpFamilyStmt DropPLangStmt DropStmt
 		DropAssertStmt DropTrigStmt DropRuleStmt DropCastStmt DropRoleStmt
 		DropPolicyStmt DropUserStmt DropdbStmt DropTableSpaceStmt DropFdwStmt
+		DropTransformStmt
 		DropForeignServerStmt DropUserMappingStmt ExplainStmt FetchStmt
 		GrantStmt GrantRoleStmt ImportForeignSchemaStmt IndexStmt InsertStmt
 		ListenStmt LoadStmt LockStmt NotifyStmt ExplainableStmt PreparableStmt
@@ -366,6 +367,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 				opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
 				create_generic_options alter_generic_options
 				relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+				transform_element_list transform_type_list
 
 %type <list>	opt_fdw_options fdw_options
 %type <defelt>	fdw_option
@@ -611,12 +613,12 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 
 	SAVEPOINT SCHEMA SCROLL SEARCH SECOND_P SECURITY SELECT SEQUENCE SEQUENCES
 	SERIALIZABLE SERVER SESSION SESSION_USER SET SETOF SHARE
-	SHOW SIMILAR SIMPLE SKIP SMALLINT SNAPSHOT SOME STABLE STANDALONE_P START
+	SHOW SIMILAR SIMPLE SKIP SMALLINT SNAPSHOT SOME SQL_P STABLE STANDALONE_P START
 	STATEMENT STATISTICS STDIN STDOUT STORAGE STRICT_P STRIP_P SUBSTRING
 	SYMMETRIC SYSID SYSTEM_P
 
 	TABLE TABLES TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPLATE TEMPORARY TEXT_P THEN TIME TIMESTAMP
-	TO TRAILING TRANSACTION TREAT TRIGGER TRIM TRUE_P
+	TO TRAILING TRANSACTION TRANSFORM TREAT TRIGGER TRIM TRUE_P
 	TRUNCATE TRUSTED TYPE_P TYPES_P
 
 	UNBOUNDED UNCOMMITTED UNENCRYPTED UNION UNIQUE UNKNOWN UNLISTEN UNLOGGED
@@ -790,6 +792,7 @@ stmt :
 			| CreateSeqStmt
 			| CreateStmt
 			| CreateTableSpaceStmt
+			| CreateTransformStmt
 			| CreateTrigStmt
 			| CreateEventTrigStmt
 			| CreateRoleStmt
@@ -815,6 +818,7 @@ stmt :
 			| DropRuleStmt
 			| DropStmt
 			| DropTableSpaceStmt
+			| DropTransformStmt
 			| DropTrigStmt
 			| DropRoleStmt
 			| DropUserStmt
@@ -4083,6 +4087,16 @@ AlterExtensionContentsStmt:
 					n->objname = list_make1(makeString($6));
 					$$ = (Node *)n;
 				}
+			| ALTER EXTENSION name add_drop TRANSFORM FOR Typename LANGUAGE name
+				{
+					AlterExtensionContentsStmt *n = makeNode(AlterExtensionContentsStmt);
+					n->extname = $3;
+					n->action = $4;
+					n->objtype = OBJECT_TRANSFORM;
+					n->objname = list_make1($7);
+					n->objargs = list_make1($9);
+					$$ = (Node *)n;
+				}
 			| ALTER EXTENSION name add_drop TYPE_P Typename
 				{
 					AlterExtensionContentsStmt *n = makeNode(AlterExtensionContentsStmt);
@@ -5736,6 +5750,15 @@ CommentStmt:
 					n->comment = $6;
 					$$ = (Node *) n;
 				}
+			| COMMENT ON TRANSFORM FOR Typename LANGUAGE name IS comment_text
+				{
+					CommentStmt *n = makeNode(CommentStmt);
+					n->objtype = OBJECT_TRANSFORM;
+					n->objname = list_make1($5);
+					n->objargs = list_make1($7);
+					n->comment = $9;
+					$$ = (Node *) n;
+				}
 			| COMMENT ON TRIGGER name ON any_name IS comment_text
 				{
 					CommentStmt *n = makeNode(CommentStmt);
@@ -7015,6 +7038,10 @@ createfunc_opt_item:
 				{
 					$$ = makeDefElem("language", (Node *)makeString($2));
 				}
+			| TRANSFORM transform_type_list
+				{
+					$$ = makeDefElem("transform", (Node *)$2);
+				}
 			| WINDOW
 				{
 					$$ = makeDefElem("window", (Node *)makeInteger(TRUE));
@@ -7032,6 +7059,11 @@ func_as:	Sconst						{ $$ = list_make1(makeString($1)); }
 				}
 		;
 
+transform_type_list:
+			FOR TYPE_P Typename { $$ = list_make1($3); }
+			| transform_type_list ',' FOR TYPE_P Typename { $$ = lappend($1, $5); }
+		;
+
 opt_definition:
 			WITH definition							{ $$ = $2; }
 			| /*EMPTY*/								{ $$ = NIL; }
@@ -7297,6 +7329,56 @@ opt_if_exists: IF_P EXISTS						{ $$ = TRUE; }
 		;
 
 
+/*****************************************************************************
+ *
+ *		CREATE TRANSFORM / DROP TRANSFORM
+ *
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+CreateTransformStmt: CREATE opt_or_replace TRANSFORM FOR Typename LANGUAGE name '(' transform_element_list ')'
+				{
+					CreateTransformStmt *n = makeNode(CreateTransformStmt);
+					n->replace = $2;
+					n->type_name = $5;
+					n->lang = $7;
+					n->fromsql = linitial($9);
+					n->tosql = lsecond($9);
+					$$ = (Node *)n;
+				}
+		;
+
+transform_element_list: FROM SQL_P WITH FUNCTION function_with_argtypes ',' TO SQL_P WITH FUNCTION function_with_argtypes
+				{
+					$$ = list_make2($5, $11);
+				}
+				| TO SQL_P WITH FUNCTION function_with_argtypes ',' FROM SQL_P WITH FUNCTION function_with_argtypes
+				{
+					$$ = list_make2($11, $5);
+				}
+				| FROM SQL_P WITH FUNCTION function_with_argtypes
+				{
+					$$ = list_make2($5, NULL);
+				}
+				| TO SQL_P WITH FUNCTION function_with_argtypes
+				{
+					$$ = list_make2(NULL, $5);
+				}
+		;
+
+
+DropTransformStmt: DROP TRANSFORM opt_if_exists FOR Typename LANGUAGE name opt_drop_behavior
+				{
+					DropStmt *n = makeNode(DropStmt);
+					n->removeType = OBJECT_TRANSFORM;
+					n->objects = list_make1(list_make1($5));
+					n->arguments = list_make1(list_make1($7));
+					n->behavior = $8;
+					n->missing_ok = $3;
+					$$ = (Node *)n;
+				}
+		;
+
+
 /*****************************************************************************
  *
  *		QUERY:
@@ -13460,6 +13542,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
 			| SIMPLE
 			| SKIP
 			| SNAPSHOT
+			| SQL_P
 			| STABLE
 			| STANDALONE_P
 			| START
@@ -13479,6 +13562,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
 			| TEMPORARY
 			| TEXT_P
 			| TRANSACTION
+			| TRANSFORM
 			| TRIGGER
 			| TRUNCATE
 			| TRUSTED

src/backend/tcop/utility.c

@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ check_xact_readonly(Node *parsetree)
 		case T_CreateTableAsStmt:
 		case T_RefreshMatViewStmt:
 		case T_CreateTableSpaceStmt:
+		case T_CreateTransformStmt:
 		case T_CreateTrigStmt:
 		case T_CompositeTypeStmt:
 		case T_CreateEnumStmt:
@@ -1314,6 +1315,10 @@ ProcessUtilitySlow(Node *parsetree,
 				DefineOpFamily((CreateOpFamilyStmt *) parsetree);
 				break;
 
+			case T_CreateTransformStmt:
+				CreateTransform((CreateTransformStmt *) parsetree);
+				break;
+
 			case T_AlterOpFamilyStmt:
 				AlterOpFamily((AlterOpFamilyStmt *) parsetree);
 				break;
@@ -2004,6 +2009,9 @@ CreateCommandTag(Node *parsetree)
 				case OBJECT_POLICY:
 					tag = "DROP POLICY";
 					break;
+				case OBJECT_TRANSFORM:
+					tag = "DROP TRANSFORM";
+					break;
 				default:
 					tag = "???";
 			}
@@ -2263,6 +2271,10 @@ CreateCommandTag(Node *parsetree)
 			}
 			break;
 
+		case T_CreateTransformStmt:
+			tag = "CREATE TRANSFORM";
+			break;
+
 		case T_CreateTrigStmt:
 			tag = "CREATE TRIGGER";
 			break;
@@ -2888,6 +2900,10 @@ GetCommandLogLevel(Node *parsetree)
 			lev = LOGSTMT_DDL;
 			break;
 
+		case T_CreateTransformStmt:
+			lev = LOGSTMT_DDL;
+			break;
+
 		case T_AlterOpFamilyStmt:
 			lev = LOGSTMT_DDL;
 			break;

src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c

@@ -306,6 +306,7 @@ static text *pg_get_expr_worker(text *expr, Oid relid, const char *relname,
 static int print_function_arguments(StringInfo buf, HeapTuple proctup,
 						 bool print_table_args, bool print_defaults);
 static void print_function_rettype(StringInfo buf, HeapTuple proctup);
+static void print_function_trftypes(StringInfo buf, HeapTuple proctup);
 static void set_rtable_names(deparse_namespace *dpns, List *parent_namespaces,
 				 Bitmapset *rels_used);
 static bool refname_is_unique(char *refname, deparse_namespace *dpns,
@@ -1912,9 +1913,7 @@ pg_get_functiondef(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	StringInfoData buf;
 	StringInfoData dq;
 	HeapTuple	proctup;
-	HeapTuple	langtup;
 	Form_pg_proc proc;
-	Form_pg_language lang;
 	Datum		tmp;
 	bool		isnull;
 	const char *prosrc;
@@ -1937,12 +1936,6 @@ pg_get_functiondef(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
 				 errmsg("\"%s\" is an aggregate function", name)));
 
-	/* Need its pg_language tuple for the language name */
-	langtup = SearchSysCache1(LANGOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(proc->prolang));
-	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(langtup))
-		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for language %u", proc->prolang);
-	lang = (Form_pg_language) GETSTRUCT(langtup);
-
 	/*
 	 * We always qualify the function name, to ensure the right function gets
 	 * replaced.
@@ -1953,8 +1946,11 @@ pg_get_functiondef(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	(void) print_function_arguments(&buf, proctup, false, true);
 	appendStringInfoString(&buf, ")\n RETURNS ");
 	print_function_rettype(&buf, proctup);
+
+	print_function_trftypes(&buf, proctup);
+
 	appendStringInfo(&buf, "\n LANGUAGE %s\n",
-					 quote_identifier(NameStr(lang->lanname)));
+					 quote_identifier(get_language_name(proc->prolang, false)));
 
 	/* Emit some miscellaneous options on one line */
 	oldlen = buf.len;
@@ -2074,7 +2070,6 @@ pg_get_functiondef(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '\n');
 
-	ReleaseSysCache(langtup);
 	ReleaseSysCache(proctup);
 
 	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(string_to_text(buf.data));
@@ -2350,6 +2345,30 @@ is_input_argument(int nth, const char *argmodes)
 			|| argmodes[nth] == PROARGMODE_VARIADIC);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Append used transformated types to specified buffer
+ */
+static void
+print_function_trftypes(StringInfo buf, HeapTuple proctup)
+{
+	Oid	*trftypes;
+	int	ntypes;
+
+	ntypes = get_func_trftypes(proctup, &trftypes);
+	if (ntypes > 0)
+	{
+		int	i;
+
+		appendStringInfoString(buf, "\n TRANSFORM ");
+		for (i = 0; i < ntypes; i++)
+		{
+			if (i != 0)
+				appendStringInfoString(buf, ", ");
+				appendStringInfo(buf, "FOR TYPE %s", format_type_be(trftypes[i]));
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Get textual representation of a function argument's default value.  The
  * second argument of this function is the argument number among all arguments

src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c

@@ -24,12 +24,14 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_amproc.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_language.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_range.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_statistic.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_transform.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
@@ -977,6 +979,30 @@ get_constraint_name(Oid conoid)
 		return NULL;
 }
 
+/*				---------- LANGUAGE CACHE ----------					 */
+
+char *
+get_language_name(Oid langoid, bool missing_ok)
+{
+	HeapTuple	tp;
+
+	tp = SearchSysCache1(LANGOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(langoid));
+	if (HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
+	{
+		Form_pg_language lantup = (Form_pg_language) GETSTRUCT(tp);
+		char	   *result;
+
+		result = pstrdup(NameStr(lantup->lanname));
+		ReleaseSysCache(tp);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	if (!missing_ok)
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for language %u",
+			 langoid);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 /*				---------- OPCLASS CACHE ----------						 */
 
 /*
@@ -1743,6 +1769,51 @@ get_rel_tablespace(Oid relid)
 }
 
 
+/*				---------- TRANSFORM CACHE ----------						 */
+
+Oid
+get_transform_fromsql(Oid typid, Oid langid, List *trftypes)
+{
+	HeapTuple	tup;
+
+	if (!list_member_oid(trftypes, typid))
+		return InvalidOid;
+
+	tup = SearchSysCache2(TRFTYPELANG, typid, langid);
+	if (HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
+	{
+		Oid			funcid;
+
+		funcid = ((Form_pg_transform) GETSTRUCT(tup))->trffromsql;
+		ReleaseSysCache(tup);
+		return funcid;
+	}
+	else
+		return InvalidOid;
+}
+
+Oid
+get_transform_tosql(Oid typid, Oid langid, List *trftypes)
+{
+	HeapTuple	tup;
+
+	if (!list_member_oid(trftypes, typid))
+		return InvalidOid;
+
+	tup = SearchSysCache2(TRFTYPELANG, typid, langid);
+	if (HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
+	{
+		Oid			funcid;
+
+		funcid = ((Form_pg_transform) GETSTRUCT(tup))->trftosql;
+		ReleaseSysCache(tup);
+		return funcid;
+	}
+	else
+		return InvalidOid;
+}
+
+
 /*				---------- TYPE CACHE ----------						 */
 
 /*

src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_shseclabel.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_statistic.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_transform.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_ts_config.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_ts_config_map.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_ts_dict.h"
@@ -653,6 +654,28 @@ static const struct cachedesc cacheinfo[] = {
 		},
 		4
 	},
+	{TransformRelationId,		/* TRFOID */
+	 TransformOidIndexId,
+	 1,
+	 {
+		 ObjectIdAttributeNumber,
+		 0,
+		 0,
+		 0,
+	 },
+	 16
+	},
+	{TransformRelationId,		/* TRFTYPELANG */
+	 TransformTypeLangIndexId,
+	 2,
+	 {
+		 Anum_pg_transform_trftype,
+		 Anum_pg_transform_trflang,
+		 0,
+		 0,
+	 },
+	 16
+	},
 	{TSConfigMapRelationId,		/* TSCONFIGMAP */
 		TSConfigMapIndexId,
 		3,

src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c

@@ -877,6 +877,50 @@ get_func_arg_info(HeapTuple procTup,
 	return numargs;
 }
 
+/*
+ * get_func_trftypes
+ *
+ * Returns a number of transformated types used by function.
+ */
+int
+get_func_trftypes(HeapTuple procTup,
+				  Oid **p_trftypes)
+{
+
+	Form_pg_proc procStruct = (Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(procTup);
+	Datum		protrftypes;
+	ArrayType  *arr;
+	int			nelems;
+	bool			isNull;
+
+	protrftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(PROCOID, procTup,
+									 Anum_pg_proc_protrftypes,
+									 &isNull);
+	if (!isNull)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * We expect the arrays to be 1-D arrays of the right types; verify
+		 * that.  For the OID and char arrays, we don't need to use
+		 * deconstruct_array() since the array data is just going to look like
+		 * a C array of values.
+		 */
+		arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(protrftypes);		/* ensure not toasted */
+		nelems = ARR_DIMS(arr)[0];
+		if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+			nelems < 0 ||
+			ARR_HASNULL(arr) ||
+			ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != OIDOID)
+			elog(ERROR, "protrftypes is not a 1-D Oid array");
+		Assert(nelems >= procStruct->pronargs);
+		*p_trftypes = (Oid *) palloc(nelems * sizeof(Oid));
+		memcpy(*p_trftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr),
+			   nelems * sizeof(Oid));
+
+		return nelems;
+	}
+	else
+		return 0;
+}
 
 /*
  * get_func_input_arg_names

src/bin/pg_dump/common.c

@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ getSchemaData(Archive *fout, DumpOptions *dopt, int *numTablesPtr)
 	int			numRules;
 	int			numProcLangs;
 	int			numCasts;
+	int			numTransforms;
 	int			numOpclasses;
 	int			numOpfamilies;
 	int			numConversions;
@@ -201,6 +202,10 @@ getSchemaData(Archive *fout, DumpOptions *dopt, int *numTablesPtr)
 		write_msg(NULL, "reading type casts\n");
 	getCasts(fout, dopt, &numCasts);
 
+	if (g_verbose)
+		write_msg(NULL, "reading transforms\n");
+	getTransforms(fout, &numTransforms);
+
 	if (g_verbose)
 		write_msg(NULL, "reading table inheritance information\n");
 	inhinfo = getInherits(fout, &numInherits);

src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.h

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ typedef enum
 	DO_FDW,
 	DO_FOREIGN_SERVER,
 	DO_DEFAULT_ACL,
+	DO_TRANSFORM,
 	DO_BLOB,
 	DO_BLOB_DATA,
 	DO_PRE_DATA_BOUNDARY,
@@ -376,6 +377,15 @@ typedef struct _castInfo
 	char		castmethod;
 } CastInfo;
 
+typedef struct _transformInfo
+{
+	DumpableObject dobj;
+	Oid			trftype;
+	Oid			trflang;
+	Oid			trffromsql;
+	Oid			trftosql;
+} TransformInfo;
+
 /* InhInfo isn't a DumpableObject, just temporary state */
 typedef struct _inhInfo
 {
@@ -534,6 +544,7 @@ extern RuleInfo *getRules(Archive *fout, int *numRules);
 extern void getTriggers(Archive *fout, TableInfo tblinfo[], int numTables);
 extern ProcLangInfo *getProcLangs(Archive *fout, int *numProcLangs);
 extern CastInfo *getCasts(Archive *fout, DumpOptions *dopt, int *numCasts);
+extern TransformInfo *getTransforms(Archive *fout, int *numTransforms);
 extern void getTableAttrs(Archive *fout, DumpOptions *dopt, TableInfo *tbinfo, int numTables);
 extern bool shouldPrintColumn(DumpOptions *dopt, TableInfo *tbinfo, int colno);
 extern TSParserInfo *getTSParsers(Archive *fout, int *numTSParsers);

src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ static const char *modulename = gettext_noop("sorter");
  * by OID.  (This is a relatively crude hack to provide semi-reasonable
  * behavior for old databases without full dependency info.)  Note: collations,
  * extensions, text search, foreign-data, materialized view, event trigger,
- * policies, and default ACL objects can't really happen here, so the rather
+ * policies, transforms, and default ACL objects can't really happen here, so the rather
  * bogus priorities for them don't matter.
  *
  * NOTE: object-type priorities must match the section assignments made in
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ static const int oldObjectTypePriority[] =
 	4,							/* DO_FDW */
 	4,							/* DO_FOREIGN_SERVER */
 	19,							/* DO_DEFAULT_ACL */
+	4,							/* DO_TRANSFORM */
 	9,							/* DO_BLOB */
 	12,							/* DO_BLOB_DATA */
 	10,							/* DO_PRE_DATA_BOUNDARY */
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ static const int newObjectTypePriority[] =
 	16,							/* DO_FDW */
 	17,							/* DO_FOREIGN_SERVER */
 	31,							/* DO_DEFAULT_ACL */
+	3,							/* DO_TRANSFORM */
 	21,							/* DO_BLOB */
 	24,							/* DO_BLOB_DATA */
 	22,							/* DO_PRE_DATA_BOUNDARY */
@@ -1400,6 +1402,13 @@ describeDumpableObject(DumpableObject *obj, char *buf, int bufsize)
 					 ((CastInfo *) obj)->casttarget,
 					 obj->dumpId, obj->catId.oid);
 			return;
+		case DO_TRANSFORM:
+			snprintf(buf, bufsize,
+					 "TRANSFORM %u lang %u  (ID %d OID %u)",
+					 ((TransformInfo *) obj)->trftype,
+					 ((TransformInfo *) obj)->trflang,
+					 obj->dumpId, obj->catId.oid);
+			return;
 		case DO_TABLE_DATA:
 			snprintf(buf, bufsize,
 					 "TABLE DATA %s  (ID %d OID %u)",

src/include/catalog/catversion.h

@@ -53,6 +53,6 @@
  */
 
 /*							yyyymmddN */
-#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO	201504171
+#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO	201504261
 
 #endif

src/include/catalog/dependency.h

@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ typedef enum ObjectClass
 	OCLASS_EXTENSION,			/* pg_extension */
 	OCLASS_EVENT_TRIGGER,		/* pg_event_trigger */
 	OCLASS_POLICY,				/* pg_policy */
+	OCLASS_TRANSFORM,			/* pg_transform */
 	MAX_OCLASS					/* MUST BE LAST */
 } ObjectClass;
 

src/include/catalog/indexing.h

@@ -219,6 +219,11 @@ DECLARE_UNIQUE_INDEX(pg_tablespace_oid_index, 2697, on pg_tablespace using btree
 DECLARE_UNIQUE_INDEX(pg_tablespace_spcname_index, 2698, on pg_tablespace using btree(spcname name_ops));
 #define TablespaceNameIndexId  2698
 
+DECLARE_UNIQUE_INDEX(pg_transform_oid_index, 3574, on pg_transform using btree(oid oid_ops));
+#define TransformOidIndexId	3574
+DECLARE_UNIQUE_INDEX(pg_transform_type_lang_index, 3575, on pg_transform using btree(trftype oid_ops, trflang oid_ops));
+#define TransformTypeLangIndexId  3575
+
 DECLARE_INDEX(pg_trigger_tgconstraint_index, 2699, on pg_trigger using btree(tgconstraint oid_ops));
 #define TriggerConstraintIndexId  2699
 DECLARE_UNIQUE_INDEX(pg_trigger_tgrelid_tgname_index, 2701, on pg_trigger using btree(tgrelid oid_ops, tgname name_ops));

src/include/catalog/pg_class.h

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ DATA(insert OID = 1247 (  pg_type		PGNSP 71 0 PGUID 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f f p r 30 0 t
 DESCR("");
 DATA(insert OID = 1249 (  pg_attribute	PGNSP 75 0 PGUID 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f f p r 21 0 f f f f f f t n 3 1 _null_ _null_ ));
 DESCR("");
-DATA(insert OID = 1255 (  pg_proc		PGNSP 81 0 PGUID 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f f p r 27 0 t f f f f f t n 3 1 _null_ _null_ ));
+DATA(insert OID = 1255 (  pg_proc		PGNSP 81 0 PGUID 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f f p r 28 0 t f f f f f t n 3 1 _null_ _null_ ));
 DESCR("");
 DATA(insert OID = 1259 (  pg_class		PGNSP 83 0 PGUID 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f f p r 30 0 t f f f f f t n 3 1 _null_ _null_ ));
 DESCR("");

src/include/catalog/pg_proc_fn.h

@@ -38,10 +38,13 @@ extern ObjectAddress ProcedureCreate(const char *procedureName,
 				Datum parameterModes,
 				Datum parameterNames,
 				List *parameterDefaults,
+				Datum trftypes,
 				Datum proconfig,
 				float4 procost,
 				float4 prorows);
 
 extern bool function_parse_error_transpose(const char *prosrc);
 
+extern List *oid_array_to_list(Datum datum);
+
 #endif   /* PG_PROC_FN_H */

src/include/catalog/pg_transform.h

+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * pg_transform.h
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012-2015, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ * src/include/catalog/pg_transform.h
+ *
+ * NOTES
+ *	  the genbki.pl script reads this file and generates .bki
+ *	  information from the DATA() statements.
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#ifndef PG_TRANSFORM_H
+#define PG_TRANSFORM_H
+
+#include "catalog/genbki.h"
+
+/* ----------------
+ *		pg_transform definition.  cpp turns this into
+ *		typedef struct FormData_pg_transform
+ * ----------------
+ */
+#define TransformRelationId	3576
+
+CATALOG(pg_transform,3576)
+{
+	Oid			trftype;
+	Oid			trflang;
+	regproc		trffromsql;
+	regproc		trftosql;
+} FormData_pg_transform;
+
+typedef FormData_pg_transform *Form_pg_transform;
+
+/* ----------------
+ *		compiler constants for pg_transform
+ * ----------------
+ */
+#define Natts_pg_transform			4
+#define Anum_pg_transform_trftype	1
+#define Anum_pg_transform_trflang	2
+#define Anum_pg_transform_trffromsql	3
+#define Anum_pg_transform_trftosql	4
+
+#endif   /* PG_TRANSFORM_H */

src/include/commands/defrem.h

@@ -50,10 +50,13 @@ extern void SetFunctionArgType(Oid funcOid, int argIndex, Oid newArgType);
 extern ObjectAddress AlterFunction(AlterFunctionStmt *stmt);
 extern ObjectAddress CreateCast(CreateCastStmt *stmt);
 extern void DropCastById(Oid castOid);
+extern Oid CreateTransform(CreateTransformStmt *stmt);
+extern void DropTransformById(Oid transformOid);
 extern void IsThereFunctionInNamespace(const char *proname, int pronargs,
 						   oidvector *proargtypes, Oid nspOid);
 extern void ExecuteDoStmt(DoStmt *stmt);
 extern Oid	get_cast_oid(Oid sourcetypeid, Oid targettypeid, bool missing_ok);
+extern Oid get_transform_oid(Oid type_id, Oid lang_id, bool missing_ok);
 extern void interpret_function_parameter_list(List *parameters,
 								  Oid languageOid,
 								  bool is_aggregate,

src/include/funcapi.h

@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ extern int get_func_arg_info(HeapTuple procTup,
 extern int get_func_input_arg_names(Datum proargnames, Datum proargmodes,
 						 char ***arg_names);
 
+extern int get_func_trftypes(HeapTuple procTup, Oid **p_trftypes);
 extern char *get_func_result_name(Oid functionId);
 
 extern TupleDesc build_function_result_tupdesc_d(Datum proallargtypes,

src/include/nodes/nodes.h

@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@ typedef enum NodeTag
 	T_AlterSystemStmt,
 	T_CreatePolicyStmt,
 	T_AlterPolicyStmt,
+	T_CreateTransformStmt,
 
 	/*
 	 * TAGS FOR PARSE TREE NODES (parsenodes.h)

src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h

@@ -1265,6 +1265,7 @@ typedef enum ObjectType
 	OBJECT_TABCONSTRAINT,
 	OBJECT_TABLE,
 	OBJECT_TABLESPACE,
+	OBJECT_TRANSFORM,
 	OBJECT_TRIGGER,
 	OBJECT_TSCONFIGURATION,
 	OBJECT_TSDICTIONARY,
@@ -2789,6 +2790,20 @@ typedef struct CreateCastStmt
 	bool		inout;
 } CreateCastStmt;
 
+/* ----------------------
+ *	CREATE TRANSFORM Statement
+ * ----------------------
+ */
+typedef struct CreateTransformStmt
+{
+	NodeTag		type;
+	bool		replace;
+	TypeName   *type_name;
+	char	   *lang;
+	FuncWithArgs *fromsql;
+	FuncWithArgs *tosql;
+} CreateTransformStmt;
+
 /* ----------------------
  *		PREPARE Statement
  * ----------------------

src/include/parser/kwlist.h

@@ -350,6 +350,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("skip", SKIP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("smallint", SMALLINT, COL_NAME_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("snapshot", SNAPSHOT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("some", SOME, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
+PG_KEYWORD("sql", SQL_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("stable", STABLE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("standalone", STANDALONE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("start", START, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
@@ -377,6 +378,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("timestamp", TIMESTAMP, COL_NAME_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("to", TO, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("trailing", TRAILING, RESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("transaction", TRANSACTION, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
+PG_KEYWORD("transform", TRANSFORM, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("treat", TREAT, COL_NAME_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("trigger", TRIGGER, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD)
 PG_KEYWORD("trim", TRIM, COL_NAME_KEYWORD)

src/include/utils/lsyscache.h

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ extern void get_atttypetypmodcoll(Oid relid, AttrNumber attnum,
 					  Oid *typid, int32 *typmod, Oid *collid);
 extern char *get_collation_name(Oid colloid);
 extern char *get_constraint_name(Oid conoid);
+extern char *get_language_name(Oid langoid, bool missing_ok);
 extern Oid	get_opclass_family(Oid opclass);
 extern Oid	get_opclass_input_type(Oid opclass);
 extern RegProcedure get_opcode(Oid opno);
@@ -101,6 +102,8 @@ extern Oid	get_rel_namespace(Oid relid);
 extern Oid	get_rel_type_id(Oid relid);
 extern char get_rel_relkind(Oid relid);
 extern Oid	get_rel_tablespace(Oid relid);
+extern Oid get_transform_fromsql(Oid typid, Oid langid, List *trftypes);
+extern Oid get_transform_tosql(Oid typid, Oid langid, List *trftypes);
 extern bool get_typisdefined(Oid typid);
 extern int16 get_typlen(Oid typid);
 extern bool get_typbyval(Oid typid);

src/include/utils/syscache.h

@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ enum SysCacheIdentifier
 	RULERELNAME,
 	STATRELATTINH,
 	TABLESPACEOID,
+	TRFOID,
+	TRFTYPELANG,
 	TSCONFIGMAP,
 	TSCONFIGNAMENSP,
 	TSCONFIGOID,

src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/ecpg.tokens

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
                 SQL_LONG SQL_NULLABLE SQL_OCTET_LENGTH
                 SQL_OPEN SQL_OUTPUT SQL_REFERENCE
                 SQL_RETURNED_LENGTH SQL_RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH SQL_SCALE
-                SQL_SECTION SQL_SHORT SQL_SIGNED SQL_SQL SQL_SQLERROR
+                SQL_SECTION SQL_SHORT SQL_SIGNED SQL_SQLERROR
                 SQL_SQLPRINT SQL_SQLWARNING SQL_START SQL_STOP
                 SQL_STRUCT SQL_UNSIGNED SQL_VAR SQL_WHENEVER
 

src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/ecpg.trailer

@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ ecpg_using:	USING using_list	{ $$ = EMPTY; }
 		| using_descriptor		{ $$ = $1; }
 		;
 
-using_descriptor: USING SQL_SQL SQL_DESCRIPTOR quoted_ident_stringvar
+using_descriptor: USING SQL_P SQL_DESCRIPTOR quoted_ident_stringvar
 		{
 			add_variable_to_head(&argsinsert, descriptor_variable($4,0), &no_indicator);
 			$$ = EMPTY;
@@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ using_descriptor: USING SQL_SQL SQL_DESCRIPTOR quoted_ident_stringvar
 		}
 		;
 
-into_descriptor: INTO SQL_SQL SQL_DESCRIPTOR quoted_ident_stringvar
+into_descriptor: INTO SQL_P SQL_DESCRIPTOR quoted_ident_stringvar
 		{
 			add_variable_to_head(&argsresult, descriptor_variable($4,1), &no_indicator);
 			$$ = EMPTY;
@@ -1494,7 +1494,6 @@ ECPGKeywords_vanames:  SQL_BREAK		{ $$ = mm_strdup("break"); }
 		| SQL_RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH	{ $$ = mm_strdup("returned_octet_length"); }
 		| SQL_SCALE					{ $$ = mm_strdup("scale"); }
 		| SQL_SECTION				{ $$ = mm_strdup("section"); }
-		| SQL_SQL				{ $$ = mm_strdup("sql"); }
 		| SQL_SQLERROR				{ $$ = mm_strdup("sqlerror"); }
 		| SQL_SQLPRINT				{ $$ = mm_strdup("sqlprint"); }
 		| SQL_SQLWARNING			{ $$ = mm_strdup("sqlwarning"); }

src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/ecpg_keywords.c

@@ -63,8 +63,6 @@ static const ScanKeyword ECPGScanKeywords[] = {
 	{"section", SQL_SECTION, 0},
 	{"short", SQL_SHORT, 0},
 	{"signed", SQL_SIGNED, 0},
-	{"sql", SQL_SQL, 0},		/* strange thing, used for into sql descriptor
-								 * MYDESC; */
 	{"sqlerror", SQL_SQLERROR, 0},
 	{"sqlprint", SQL_SQLPRINT, 0},
 	{"sqlwarning", SQL_SQLWARNING, 0},

src/pl/plperl/GNUmakefile

@@ -99,15 +99,17 @@ Util.c: Util.xs plperl_helpers.h
 install: all install-lib install-data
 
 installdirs: installdirs-lib
-	$(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/extension'
+	$(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/extension' '$(DESTDIR)$(includedir_server)'
 
 uninstall: uninstall-lib uninstall-data
 
 install-data: installdirs
 	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(addprefix $(srcdir)/, $(DATA)) '$(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/extension/'
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/plperl.h $(srcdir)/ppport.h '$(DESTDIR)$(includedir_server)'
 
 uninstall-data:
 	rm -f $(addprefix '$(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/extension'/, $(notdir $(DATA)))
+	rm -f $(addprefix '$(DESTDIR)$(includedir_server)'/, plperl.h ppport.h)
 
 .PHONY: install-data uninstall-data
 

src/pl/plperl/plperl.c

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "access/xact.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_language.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_proc_fn.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "commands/event_trigger.h"
 #include "commands/trigger.h"
@@ -110,6 +111,8 @@ typedef struct plperl_proc_desc
 	SV		   *reference;		/* CODE reference for Perl sub */
 	plperl_interp_desc *interp; /* interpreter it's created in */
 	bool		fn_readonly;	/* is function readonly (not volatile)? */
+	Oid			lang_oid;
+	List	   *trftypes;
 	bool		lanpltrusted;	/* is it plperl, rather than plperlu? */
 	bool		fn_retistuple;	/* true, if function returns tuple */
 	bool		fn_retisset;	/* true, if function returns set */
@@ -210,6 +213,7 @@ typedef struct plperl_array_info
 	bool	   *nulls;
 	int		   *nelems;
 	FmgrInfo	proc;
+	FmgrInfo	transform_proc;
 } plperl_array_info;
 
 /**********************************************************************
@@ -1272,6 +1276,7 @@ plperl_sv_to_datum(SV *sv, Oid typid, int32 typmod,
 				   bool *isnull)
 {
 	FmgrInfo	tmp;
+	Oid			funcid;
 
 	/* we might recurse */
 	check_stack_depth();
@@ -1295,6 +1300,8 @@ plperl_sv_to_datum(SV *sv, Oid typid, int32 typmod,
 		/* must call typinput in case it wants to reject NULL */
 		return InputFunctionCall(finfo, NULL, typioparam, typmod);
 	}
+	else if ((funcid = get_transform_tosql(typid, current_call_data->prodesc->lang_oid, current_call_data->prodesc->trftypes)))
+		return OidFunctionCall1(funcid, PointerGetDatum(sv));
 	else if (SvROK(sv))
 	{
 		/* handle references */
@@ -1407,6 +1414,7 @@ plperl_ref_from_pg_array(Datum arg, Oid typid)
 				typdelim;
 	Oid			typioparam;
 	Oid			typoutputfunc;
+	Oid			transform_funcid;
 	int			i,
 				nitems,
 			   *dims;
@@ -1414,14 +1422,17 @@ plperl_ref_from_pg_array(Datum arg, Oid typid)
 	SV		   *av;
 	HV		   *hv;
 
-	info = palloc(sizeof(plperl_array_info));
+	info = palloc0(sizeof(plperl_array_info));
 
 	/* get element type information, including output conversion function */
 	get_type_io_data(elementtype, IOFunc_output,
 					 &typlen, &typbyval, &typalign,
 					 &typdelim, &typioparam, &typoutputfunc);
 
-	perm_fmgr_info(typoutputfunc, &info->proc);
+	if ((transform_funcid = get_transform_fromsql(elementtype, current_call_data->prodesc->lang_oid, current_call_data->prodesc->trftypes)))
+		perm_fmgr_info(transform_funcid, &info->transform_proc);
+	else
+		perm_fmgr_info(typoutputfunc, &info->proc);
 
 	info->elem_is_rowtype = type_is_rowtype(elementtype);
 
@@ -1502,8 +1513,10 @@ make_array_ref(plperl_array_info *info, int first, int last)
 		{
 			Datum		itemvalue = info->elements[i];
 
-			/* Handle composite type elements */
-			if (info->elem_is_rowtype)
+			if (info->transform_proc.fn_oid)
+				av_push(result, (SV *) DatumGetPointer(FunctionCall1(&info->transform_proc, itemvalue)));
+			else if (info->elem_is_rowtype)
+				/* Handle composite type elements */
 				av_push(result, plperl_hash_from_datum(itemvalue));
 			else
 			{
@@ -1812,6 +1825,8 @@ plperl_inline_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	desc.proname = "inline_code_block";
 	desc.fn_readonly = false;
 
+	desc.lang_oid = codeblock->langOid;
+	desc.trftypes = NIL;
 	desc.lanpltrusted = codeblock->langIsTrusted;
 
 	desc.fn_retistuple = false;
@@ -2076,6 +2091,8 @@ plperl_call_perl_func(plperl_proc_desc *desc, FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
 	SV		   *retval;
 	int			i;
 	int			count;
+	Oid		   *argtypes = NULL;
+	int			nargs = 0;
 
 	ENTER;
 	SAVETMPS;
@@ -2083,6 +2100,9 @@ plperl_call_perl_func(plperl_proc_desc *desc, FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
 	PUSHMARK(SP);
 	EXTEND(sp, desc->nargs);
 
+	if (fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid)
+		get_func_signature(fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid, &argtypes, &nargs);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < desc->nargs; i++)
 	{
 		if (fcinfo->argnull[i])
@@ -2096,9 +2116,12 @@ plperl_call_perl_func(plperl_proc_desc *desc, FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
 		else
 		{
 			SV		   *sv;
+			Oid			funcid;
 
 			if (OidIsValid(desc->arg_arraytype[i]))
 				sv = plperl_ref_from_pg_array(fcinfo->arg[i], desc->arg_arraytype[i]);
+			else if ((funcid = get_transform_fromsql(argtypes[i], current_call_data->prodesc->lang_oid, current_call_data->prodesc->trftypes)))
+				sv = (SV *) DatumGetPointer(OidFunctionCall1(funcid, fcinfo->arg[i]));
 			else
 			{
 				char	   *tmp;
@@ -2569,6 +2592,7 @@ free_plperl_function(plperl_proc_desc *prodesc)
 	/* (FmgrInfo subsidiary info will get leaked ...) */
 	if (prodesc->proname)
 		free(prodesc->proname);
+	list_free(prodesc->trftypes);
 	free(prodesc);
 }
 
@@ -2631,6 +2655,7 @@ compile_plperl_function(Oid fn_oid, bool is_trigger, bool is_event_trigger)
 		HeapTuple	typeTup;
 		Form_pg_language langStruct;
 		Form_pg_type typeStruct;
+		Datum		protrftypes_datum;
 		Datum		prosrcdatum;
 		bool		isnull;
 		char	   *proc_source;
@@ -2661,6 +2686,16 @@ compile_plperl_function(Oid fn_oid, bool is_trigger, bool is_event_trigger)
 		prodesc->fn_readonly =
 			(procStruct->provolatile != PROVOLATILE_VOLATILE);
 
+		{
+			MemoryContext oldcxt;
+
+			protrftypes_datum = SysCacheGetAttr(PROCOID, procTup,
+												Anum_pg_proc_protrftypes, &isnull);
+			oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);
+			prodesc->trftypes = isnull ? NIL : oid_array_to_list(protrftypes_datum);
+			MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
+		}
+
 		/************************************************************
 		 * Lookup the pg_language tuple by Oid
 		 ************************************************************/
@@ -2673,6 +2708,7 @@ compile_plperl_function(Oid fn_oid, bool is_trigger, bool is_event_trigger)
 				 procStruct->prolang);
 		}
 		langStruct = (Form_pg_language) GETSTRUCT(langTup);
+		prodesc->lang_oid = HeapTupleGetOid(langTup);
 		prodesc->lanpltrusted = langStruct->lanpltrusted;
 		ReleaseSysCache(langTup);
 
@@ -2906,9 +2942,12 @@ plperl_hash_from_tuple(HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupdesc)
 		else
 		{
 			SV		   *sv;
+			Oid			funcid;
 
 			if (OidIsValid(get_base_element_type(tupdesc->attrs[i]->atttypid)))
 				sv = plperl_ref_from_pg_array(attr, tupdesc->attrs[i]->atttypid);
+			else if ((funcid = get_transform_fromsql(tupdesc->attrs[i]->atttypid, current_call_data->prodesc->lang_oid, current_call_data->prodesc->trftypes)))
+				sv = (SV *) DatumGetPointer(OidFunctionCall1(funcid, attr));
 			else
 			{
 				char	   *outputstr;

src/pl/plperl/plperl_helpers.h

 #ifndef PL_PERL_HELPERS_H
 #define PL_PERL_HELPERS_H
 
+#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
+
 /*
  * convert from utf8 to database encoding
  *

src/pl/plpython/Makefile

@@ -123,54 +123,22 @@ all: all-lib
 install: all install-lib install-data
 
 installdirs: installdirs-lib
-	$(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/extension'
+	$(MKDIR_P) '$(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/extension' '$(DESTDIR)$(includedir_server)'
 
 uninstall: uninstall-lib uninstall-data
 
 install-data: installdirs
 	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(addprefix $(srcdir)/, $(DATA)) '$(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/extension/'
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/plpython.h $(srcdir)/plpy_util.h '$(DESTDIR)$(includedir_server)'
 
 uninstall-data:
 	rm -f $(addprefix '$(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/extension'/, $(notdir $(DATA)))
+	rm -f $(addprefix '$(DESTDIR)$(includedir_server)'/, plpython.h plpy_util.h)
 
 .PHONY: install-data uninstall-data
 
 
-ifeq ($(python_majorversion),3)
-# Adjust regression tests for Python 3 compatibility
-#
-# Mention those regression test files that need to be mangled in the
-# variable REGRESS_PLPYTHON3_MANGLE.  They will be copied to a
-# subdirectory python3/ and have their Python syntax and other bits
-# adjusted to work with Python 3.
-
-# Note that the order of the tests needs to be preserved in this
-# expression.
-REGRESS := $(foreach test,$(REGRESS),$(if $(filter $(test),$(REGRESS_PLPYTHON3_MANGLE)),python3/$(test),$(test)))
-
-.PHONY: pgregress-python3-mangle
-pgregress-python3-mangle:
-	$(MKDIR_P) sql/python3 expected/python3 results/python3
-	for file in $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/sql/%.sql,$(REGRESS_PLPYTHON3_MANGLE)) $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/expected/%*.out,$(REGRESS_PLPYTHON3_MANGLE)); do \
-	  sed -e 's/except \([[:alpha:]][[:alpha:].]*\), *\([[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]]*\):/except \1 as \2:/g' \
-	      -e "s/<type 'exceptions\.\([[:alpha:]]*\)'>/<class '\1'>/g" \
-	      -e "s/<type 'long'>/<class 'int'>/g" \
-	      -e "s/\([0-9][0-9]*\)L/\1/g" \
-	      -e 's/\([ [{]\)u"/\1"/g' \
-	      -e "s/\([ [{]\)u'/\1'/g" \
-	      -e "s/def next/def __next__/g" \
-	      -e "s/LANGUAGE plpythonu/LANGUAGE plpython3u/g" \
-	      -e "s/LANGUAGE plpython2u/LANGUAGE plpython3u/g" \
-	      -e "s/EXTENSION plpythonu/EXTENSION plpython3u/g" \
-	      -e "s/EXTENSION plpython2u/EXTENSION plpython3u/g" \
-	    $$file >`echo $$file | sed 's,^.*/\([^/][^/]*/\)\([^/][^/]*\)$$,\1python3/\2,'` || exit; \
-	done
-
-check installcheck: pgregress-python3-mangle
-
-pg_regress_clean_files += sql/python3/ expected/python3/ results/python3/
-
-endif # Python 3
+include $(srcdir)/regress-python3-mangle.mk
 
 
 check: all submake

src/pl/plpython/plpy_main.c

@@ -278,6 +278,7 @@ plpython_inline_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	MemSet(&proc, 0, sizeof(PLyProcedure));
 	proc.pyname = PLy_strdup("__plpython_inline_block");
+	proc.langid = codeblock->langOid;
 	proc.result.out.d.typoid = VOIDOID;
 
 	/*

src/pl/plpython/plpy_procedure.c

@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@
 #include "access/transam.h"
 #include "funcapi.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_proc_fn.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/hsearch.h"
+#include "utils/inval.h"
+#include "utils/memutils.h"
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
 
 #include "plpython.h"
@@ -26,6 +29,7 @@
 static HTAB *PLy_procedure_cache = NULL;
 
 static PLyProcedure *PLy_procedure_create(HeapTuple procTup, Oid fn_oid, bool is_trigger);
+static void invalidate_procedure_caches(Datum arg, int cacheid, uint32 hashvalue);
 static bool PLy_procedure_argument_valid(PLyTypeInfo *arg);
 static bool PLy_procedure_valid(PLyProcedure *proc, HeapTuple procTup);
 static char *PLy_procedure_munge_source(const char *name, const char *src);
@@ -41,6 +45,29 @@ init_procedure_caches(void)
 	hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(PLyProcedureEntry);
 	PLy_procedure_cache = hash_create("PL/Python procedures", 32, &hash_ctl,
 									  HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS);
+	CacheRegisterSyscacheCallback(TRFTYPELANG,
+								  invalidate_procedure_caches,
+								  (Datum) 0);
+}
+
+static void
+invalidate_procedure_caches(Datum arg, int cacheid, uint32 hashvalue)
+{
+	HASH_SEQ_STATUS status;
+	PLyProcedureEntry *hentry;
+
+	Assert(PLy_procedure_cache != NULL);
+
+	/* flush all entries */
+	hash_seq_init(&status, PLy_procedure_cache);
+
+	while ((hentry = (PLyProcedureEntry *) hash_seq_search(&status)))
+	{
+		if (hash_search(PLy_procedure_cache,
+						(void *) &hentry->key,
+						HASH_REMOVE, NULL) == NULL)
+			elog(ERROR, "hash table corrupted");
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -165,6 +192,16 @@ PLy_procedure_create(HeapTuple procTup, Oid fn_oid, bool is_trigger)
 	for (i = 0; i < FUNC_MAX_ARGS; i++)
 		PLy_typeinfo_init(&proc->args[i]);
 	proc->nargs = 0;
+	proc->langid = procStruct->prolang;
+	{
+		MemoryContext oldcxt;
+
+		Datum protrftypes_datum = SysCacheGetAttr(PROCOID, procTup,
+												  Anum_pg_proc_protrftypes, &isnull);
+		oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);
+		proc->trftypes = isnull ? NIL : oid_array_to_list(protrftypes_datum);
+		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
+	}
 	proc->code = proc->statics = NULL;
 	proc->globals = NULL;
 	proc->is_setof = procStruct->proretset;
@@ -219,7 +256,7 @@ PLy_procedure_create(HeapTuple procTup, Oid fn_oid, bool is_trigger)
 			else
 			{
 				/* do the real work */
-				PLy_output_datum_func(&proc->result, rvTypeTup);
+				PLy_output_datum_func(&proc->result, rvTypeTup, proc->langid, proc->trftypes);
 			}
 
 			ReleaseSysCache(rvTypeTup);
@@ -293,7 +330,9 @@ PLy_procedure_create(HeapTuple procTup, Oid fn_oid, bool is_trigger)
 					default:
 						PLy_input_datum_func(&(proc->args[pos]),
 											 types[i],
-											 argTypeTup);
+											 argTypeTup,
+											 proc->langid,
+											 proc->trftypes);
 						break;
 				}
 

src/pl/plpython/plpy_procedure.h

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ typedef struct PLyProcedure
 	char	  **argnames;		/* Argument names */
 	PLyTypeInfo args[FUNC_MAX_ARGS];
 	int			nargs;
+	Oid			langid;			/* OID of plpython pg_language entry */
+	List	   *trftypes;		/* OID list of transform types */
 	PyObject   *code;			/* compiled procedure code */
 	PyObject   *statics;		/* data saved across calls, local scope */
 	PyObject   *globals;		/* data saved across calls, global scope */

src/pl/plpython/plpy_spi.c

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ PLy_spi_prepare(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 	PG_TRY();
 	{
 		int			i;
+		PLyExecutionContext *exec_ctx = PLy_current_execution_context();
 
 		/*
 		 * the other loop might throw an exception, if PLyTypeInfo member
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ PLy_spi_prepare(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 			optr = NULL;
 
 			plan->types[i] = typeId;
-			PLy_output_datum_func(&plan->args[i], typeTup);
+			PLy_output_datum_func(&plan->args[i], typeTup, exec_ctx->curr_proc->langid, exec_ctx->curr_proc->trftypes);
 			ReleaseSysCache(typeTup);
 		}
 

src/pl/plpython/plpy_typeio.h

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ typedef struct PLyDatumToOb
 {
 	PLyDatumToObFunc func;
 	FmgrInfo	typfunc;		/* The type's output function */
+	FmgrInfo	typtransform;	/* from-SQL transform */
 	Oid			typoid;			/* The OID of the type */
 	int32		typmod;			/* The typmod of the type */
 	Oid			typioparam;
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ typedef struct PLyObToDatum
 {
 	PLyObToDatumFunc func;
 	FmgrInfo	typfunc;		/* The type's input function */
+	FmgrInfo	typtransform;	/* to-SQL transform */
 	Oid			typoid;			/* The OID of the type */
 	int32		typmod;			/* The typmod of the type */
 	Oid			typioparam;
@@ -91,8 +93,8 @@ typedef struct PLyTypeInfo
 extern void PLy_typeinfo_init(PLyTypeInfo *arg);
 extern void PLy_typeinfo_dealloc(PLyTypeInfo *arg);
 
-extern void PLy_input_datum_func(PLyTypeInfo *arg, Oid typeOid, HeapTuple typeTup);
-extern void PLy_output_datum_func(PLyTypeInfo *arg, HeapTuple typeTup);
+extern void PLy_input_datum_func(PLyTypeInfo *arg, Oid typeOid, HeapTuple typeTup, Oid langid, List *trftypes);
+extern void PLy_output_datum_func(PLyTypeInfo *arg, HeapTuple typeTup, Oid langid, List *trftypes);
 
 extern void PLy_input_tuple_funcs(PLyTypeInfo *arg, TupleDesc desc);
 extern void PLy_output_tuple_funcs(PLyTypeInfo *arg, TupleDesc desc);
@@ -105,4 +107,7 @@ extern Datum PLyObject_ToCompositeDatum(PLyTypeInfo *info, TupleDesc desc, PyObj
 /* conversion from heap tuples to Python dictionaries */
 extern PyObject *PLyDict_FromTuple(PLyTypeInfo *info, HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc desc);
 
+/* conversion from Python objects to C strings */
+extern char *PLyObject_AsString(PyObject *plrv);
+
 #endif   /* PLPY_TYPEIO_H */

src/pl/plpython/plpy_util.c

@@ -142,19 +142,30 @@ PLyUnicode_AsString(PyObject *unicode)
  * unicode object.  Reference ownership is passed to the caller.
  */
 PyObject *
-PLyUnicode_FromString(const char *s)
+PLyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(const char *s, Py_ssize_t size)
 {
 	char	   *utf8string;
 	PyObject   *o;
 
-	utf8string = pg_server_to_any(s, strlen(s), PG_UTF8);
-
-	o = PyUnicode_FromString(utf8string);
+	utf8string = pg_server_to_any(s, size, PG_UTF8);
 
-	if (utf8string != s)
+	if (utf8string == s)
+	{
+		o = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(s, size);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		o = PyUnicode_FromString(utf8string);
 		pfree(utf8string);
+	}
 
 	return o;
 }
 
+PyObject *
+PLyUnicode_FromString(const char *s)
+{
+	return PLyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(s, strlen(s));
+}
+
 #endif   /* PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3 */

src/pl/plpython/plpy_util.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ extern char *PLyUnicode_AsString(PyObject *unicode);
 
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
 extern PyObject *PLyUnicode_FromString(const char *s);
+extern PyObject *PLyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(const char *s, Py_ssize_t size);
 #endif
 
 #endif   /* PLPY_UTIL_H */

src/pl/plpython/plpython.h

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ typedef int Py_ssize_t;
 #define PyString_Check(x) 0
 #define PyString_AsString(x) PLyUnicode_AsString(x)
 #define PyString_FromString(x) PLyUnicode_FromString(x)
+#define PyString_FromStringAndSize(x, size) PLyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(x, size)
 #endif
 
 /*

src/pl/plpython/regress-python3-mangle.mk

+ifeq ($(python_majorversion),3)
+# Adjust regression tests for Python 3 compatibility
+#
+# Mention those regression test files that need to be mangled in the
+# variable REGRESS_PLPYTHON3_MANGLE.  They will be copied to a
+# subdirectory python3/ and have their Python syntax and other bits
+# adjusted to work with Python 3.
+
+# Note that the order of the tests needs to be preserved in this
+# expression.
+REGRESS := $(foreach test,$(REGRESS),$(if $(filter $(test),$(REGRESS_PLPYTHON3_MANGLE)),python3/$(test),$(test)))
+
+.PHONY: pgregress-python3-mangle
+pgregress-python3-mangle:
+	$(MKDIR_P) sql/python3 expected/python3 results/python3
+	for file in $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/sql/%.sql,$(REGRESS_PLPYTHON3_MANGLE)) $(patsubst %,$(srcdir)/expected/%*.out,$(REGRESS_PLPYTHON3_MANGLE)); do \
+	  sed -e 's/except \([[:alpha:]][[:alpha:].]*\), *\([[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]]*\):/except \1 as \2:/g' \
+	      -e "s/<type 'exceptions\.\([[:alpha:]]*\)'>/<class '\1'>/g" \
+	      -e "s/<type 'long'>/<class 'int'>/g" \
+	      -e "s/\([0-9][0-9]*\)L/\1/g" \
+	      -e 's/\([ [{]\)u"/\1"/g' \
+	      -e "s/\([ [{]\)u'/\1'/g" \
+	      -e "s/def next/def __next__/g" \
+	      -e "s/LANGUAGE plpythonu/LANGUAGE plpython3u/g" \
+	      -e "s/LANGUAGE plpython2u/LANGUAGE plpython3u/g" \
+	      -e "s/EXTENSION \([^ ]*_\)*plpythonu/EXTENSION \1plpython3u/g" \
+	      -e "s/EXTENSION \([^ ]*_\)*plpython2u/EXTENSION \1plpython3u/g" \
+	    $$file >`echo $$file | sed 's,^.*/\([^/][^/]*/\)\([^/][^/]*\)$$,\1python3/\2,'` || exit; \
+	done
+
+check installcheck: pgregress-python3-mangle
+
+pg_regress_clean_files += sql/python3/ expected/python3/ results/python3/
+
+endif # Python 3