Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2013b.

DST law changes in Chile, Haiti, Morocco, Paraguay, some Russian areas. Historical corrections for numerous places.

Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2013b.
DST law changes in Chile, Haiti, Morocco, Paraguay, some Russian areas. Historical corrections for numerous places.
ae7f1c3e · Tom Lane · 58bc4817 · ae7f1c3e · ae7f1c3e · ae7f1c3e
Commit ae7f1c3e authored Mar 28, 2013 by Tom Lane
8 changed files
--- a/src/timezone/data/africa
+++ b/src/timezone/data/africa
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+#
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
@@ -116,8 +120,12 @@ Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
 			1:00	-	WAT
 # Botswana
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
+# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
+			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
 			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
 			2:00	-	CAT
@@ -189,6 +197,11 @@ Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
 # Egypt
+# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
+# observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
+# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
+# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -329,7 +342,7 @@ Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
+Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
 # Equatorial Guinea
@@ -833,6 +846,41 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
+# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
+# announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
+# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
+# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
+# <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>.
+#
+# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
+# transition dates for 2013 through 2021 were determined by running
+# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
+#
+# (let ((islamic-year 1434))
+#   (while (< islamic-year 1444)
+#     (let ((a
+#	     (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
+#	      (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
+#	    (b
+#	     (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
+#	      (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))
+#	(insert
+#	 (format
+#	  (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
+#		  "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
+#	  (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
+#	  (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
+#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
+#
+# with the results hand-edited for 2020-2022, when the normal spring-forward
+# date falls during the estimated Ramadan.
+#
+# From 2023 through 2038 Ramadan is not predicted to overlap with
+# daylight saving time.  Starting in 2039 there will be overlap again,
+# but 32-bit time_t values roll around in 2038 so for now do not worry
+# about dates after 2038.
 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
@@ -858,10 +906,28 @@ Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	 31	 0	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	max	-	Apr	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2012	2019	-	Apr	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2012	max	-	Sep	 lastSun 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	 20	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	 20	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	  9	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	  8	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	 29	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jul	 29	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	 18	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	 18	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	  7	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	  7	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	 27	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jun	 26	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	 16	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	 15	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	  6	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	  5	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	 24	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	 13	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	  3	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2023	max	-	Apr	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26

--- a/src/timezone/data/antarctica
+++ b/src/timezone/data/antarctica
@@ -50,10 +50,8 @@ Rule	ChileAQ	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	2012	only	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	2012	only	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	2013	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 # These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.
 Rule	AusAQ	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-

--- a/src/timezone/data/asia
+++ b/src/timezone/data/asia
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+#
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
@@ -279,9 +283,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
 			8:00	-	BNT
 # Burma / Myanmar
+# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon
-			6:24:36	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
+			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
 			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time
@@ -384,7 +391,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928 # or Haerbin
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
 # most of China
-Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:52	-	LMT	1928
+# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
+Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:57	-	LMT	1928
 			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
@@ -481,6 +489,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
+# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
@@ -547,7 +559,6 @@ Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
-# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Apr	1	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Sep	30	3:30	0	-
@@ -569,7 +580,7 @@ Rule	HK	1973	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	only	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
+Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1941 Dec 25
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 15
 			8:00	HK	HK%sT
@@ -646,6 +657,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
 ###############################################################################
 # Cyprus
+#
+# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00.  Stick with LMT.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
@@ -1804,8 +1818,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
 			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
 # Oman
+# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:20 -	LMT	1920
+Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 # Pakistan
@@ -2400,6 +2417,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 # no information
 # Sri Lanka
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898.  Prior to this Colombo
+# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used."  But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
+# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
+# Shanks and Pottenger.
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
@@ -2699,6 +2723,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # Vietnam
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
+# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
+# from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
+# and Pottenger.
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
@@ -2712,6 +2742,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 			7:00	-	ICT
 # Yemen
+# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
+# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Aden	3:00:48	-	LMT	1950
+Zone	Asia/Aden	2:59:54	-	LMT	1950
 			3:00	-	AST
--- a/src/timezone/data/australasia
+++ b/src/timezone/data/australasia
@@ -246,6 +246,9 @@ Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 			6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time
 # Fiji
+# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation,  Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
 # from November 29th 2009  to April 25th 2010.
@@ -339,7 +342,7 @@ Rule	Fiji	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=18	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2012	max	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:53:40 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26	# Suva
+Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26	# Suva
 			12:00	Fiji	FJ%sT	# Fiji Time
 # French Polynesia
@@ -782,7 +785,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
@@ -800,6 +803,10 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+#
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #

--- a/src/timezone/data/europe
+++ b/src/timezone/data/europe
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	</a> (1914-03)
 #
+#	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+#	<http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.  He writes:
+#	"It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
+#	may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
+#	Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
+#
 #	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
 #	<a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
 #	History of Summer Time
@@ -666,6 +672,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
 # Austria
+# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
@@ -683,7 +691,7 @@ Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr
+Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
@@ -1239,6 +1247,21 @@ Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
+# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
+# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
+# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
+# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
+# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
+#
+# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
+# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
+# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
+Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen
 # Georgia
 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
@@ -2043,6 +2066,70 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # Russia
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
+# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
+# (Government document
+# <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/">
+# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
+# </a>
+# in Russian)
+# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
+# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
+# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
+# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm">
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
+# </a>
+# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
+# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
+# <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966">
+# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
+# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
+# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
+# changed in September 2011:
+#
+# One source is
+# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
+# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
+# </a>
+# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
+# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
+#
+# Another source is
+# <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html">
+# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
+# </a>
+# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
+# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
+# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
+# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
+# does not contain any "effective date" information.
+#
+# Another source is
+# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7">
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
+# </a>
+# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
+# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
+# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
+#
+# The Wikipedia article refers to
+# <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896">
+# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
+# </a>
+# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
+#
+# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
+# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
+# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
+# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
+#
+# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
+#
+# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
@@ -2270,14 +2357,32 @@ Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
+# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
-# Ust'-Yanskij.
 Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
 			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			11:00	-	VLAT
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
+# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
+# in 2011.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
+# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
+# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
+# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
+#
+Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
+			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2004
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
+			10:00	-	YAKT
 #
 # Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
 # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
@@ -2296,14 +2401,26 @@ Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
-# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.
+# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
 			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			12:00	-	MAGT
-#
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
+# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
+# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
+Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
+			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+			 9:00	Russia	YAKT	1981 Apr  1
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
+			11:00	-	VLAT
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
 #

--- a/src/timezone/data/northamerica
+++ b/src/timezone/data/northamerica
@@ -1019,6 +1019,9 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	</a> (1914-03)
 #
+#	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+#	<http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+#
 # See the `europe' file for Greenland.
 # Canada
@@ -2554,6 +2557,8 @@ Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 # Bahamas
 #
+# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
+#
 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
@@ -2563,11 +2568,14 @@ Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Nassau	-5:09:24 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
+Zone	America/Nassau	-5:09:30 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-5:00	Bahamas	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 # Barbados
+# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Barb	1977	only	-	Jun	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1977	1978	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
@@ -2575,8 +2583,8 @@ Rule	Barb	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1979	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1980	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:28 -	LMT	1924		# Bridgetown
+Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:29 -	LMT	1924		# Bridgetown
-			-3:58:28 -	BMT	1932	  # Bridgetown Mean Time
+			-3:58:29 -	BMT	1932	  # Bridgetown Mean Time
 			-4:00	Barb	A%sT
 # Belize
@@ -2594,6 +2602,9 @@ Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 # Bermuda
+# For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
+# Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
@@ -2603,7 +2614,7 @@ Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:04 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
+Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
 			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
 			-4:00	Bahamas	A%sT	1976
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
@@ -2615,6 +2626,9 @@ Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890		# Georgetown
 			-5:00	-	EST
 # Costa Rica
+# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San Jose mean time; round to nearest.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
@@ -2625,14 +2639,19 @@ Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:20 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
+Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
-			-5:36:20 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
+			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
 			-6:00	CR	C%sT
 # Coco
 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
 # Cuba
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
+# for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
+# For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
@@ -2981,24 +3000,21 @@ Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
 # So this means they have already changed their time.
 #
-# (Sources in French):
-# <a href="http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510">
 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
-# </a>
-# <a href="http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253">
 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
-# </a>
 #
-# Our coverage:
-# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/haiti-dst-2012.html">
-# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/haiti-dst-2012.html
-# </a>
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
-# Assume a US-style fall back as well XXX.
+# Assume a US-style fall back as well.
-# Do not yet assume that the change carries forward past 2012 XXX.
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
+# It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
+# as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
+# are going to observe DST every year now...
+#
+# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
+# http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -3010,8 +3026,8 @@ Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Haiti	2012	only	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Haiti	2012	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Haiti	2012	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Haiti	2012	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:49	-	PPMT	1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT

--- a/src/timezone/data/southamerica
+++ b/src/timezone/data/southamerica
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 #
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+#
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
@@ -381,21 +385,11 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # <a/>
 # is the official page for the Province Government).
 #
-# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers (La Nación) at
+# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
-# <a href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912">
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
-# </a>
-#
-# The press release says:
-#  (...) anunció que el próximo domingo a las 00:00 los puntanos deberán
-# atrasar una hora sus relojes.
 #
-# A partir de entonces, San Luis establecerá el huso horario propio de
+# The press release says [quick and dirty translation]:
-# la Provincia. De esta manera, durante el periodo del calendario anual
+# ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
-# 2009, el cambio horario quedará comprendido entre las 00:00 del tercer
-# domingo de marzo y las 24:00 del segundo sábado de octubre.
-# Quick&dirty translation
-# (...) announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
 # inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
 #
 # Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
@@ -457,6 +451,9 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
 # stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says Cordoba time was -4:16:48.2.  Round to the nearest second.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
@@ -812,9 +809,9 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
 # There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
-# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandão at
+# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/">http://pcdsh01.on.br/</a> the
-# oficial agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
+# official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
 # still in force.
 # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
@@ -1243,9 +1240,13 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
 # at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
 # 01:00 on September 2.
-#
-# Note that...this is yet another "temporary" change that will be reevaluated
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15):
-# AGAIN in 2013.
+# According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year,
+# they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned.  They
+# hope to save energy.  The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new
+# start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
+# http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
 # NOTE: ChileAQ rules for Antarctic bases are stored separately in the
 # 'antarctica' file.
@@ -1288,10 +1289,8 @@ Rule	Chile	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	2012	only	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2012	only	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2013	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1313,17 +1312,23 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:44 -	LMT	1890
 # San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
 # Colombia
+# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogota time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
+# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
+Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
-			-4:56:20 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
+			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
 			-5:00	CO	CO%sT	# Colombia Time
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 # Curacao
+# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curacao mean time; round to nearest.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
@@ -1340,7 +1345,7 @@ Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 # though, as far as we know.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:44 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
+Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
@@ -1354,6 +1359,8 @@ Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk # Bonaire, Sint Estatius and Saba
 # Ecuador
 #
+# Milne says the Sentral and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
 # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
 # <http://midena.gov.ec/content/view/1261/208/> (2007-02-27) and
@@ -1560,6 +1567,15 @@ Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 # ...
 Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
+# Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
+# They do not tell if this will be a permanent change or just this year....
+# http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-07):
+# For now, assume it's just this year.
+Rule	Para	2013	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890

--- a/src/timezone/data/zone.tab
+++ b/src/timezone/data/zone.tab
@@ -159,7 +159,8 @@ CW	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
 CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
 CZ	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
-DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin
+DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	most locations
+DE	+4742+00841	Europe/Busingen	Busingen
 DJ	+1136+04309	Africa/Djibouti
 DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
 DM	+1518-06124	America/Dominica
@@ -341,8 +342,10 @@ RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 - Novokuznetsk
 RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
 RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
 RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
+RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
 RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
 RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
+RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
 RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 - Magadan
 RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 - Kamchatka
 RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 - Bering Sea