postgres_fdw: Judge password use by run-as user, not session user.
This is a backward incompatibility which should be noted in the release notes for PostgreSQL 11. For security reasons, we require that a postgres_fdw foreign table use password authentication when accessing a remote server, so that an unprivileged user cannot usurp the server's credentials. Superusers are exempt from this requirement, because we assume they are entitled to usurp the server's credentials or, at least, can find some other way to do it. But what should happen when the foreign table is accessed by a view owned by a user different from the session user? Is it the view owner that must be a superuser in order to avoid the requirement of using a password, or the session user? Historically it was the latter, but this requirement makes it the former instead. This allows superusers to delegate to other users the right to select from a foreign table that doesn't use password authentication by creating a view over the foreign table and handing out rights to the view. It is also more consistent with the idea that access to a view should use the view owner's privileges rather than the session user's privileges. The upshot of this change is that a superuser selecting from a view created by a non-superuser may now get an error complaining that no password was used, while a non-superuser selecting from a view created by a superuser will no longer receive such an error. No documentation changes are present in this patch because the wording of the documentation already suggests that it works this way. We should perhaps adjust the documentation in the back-branches, but that's a task for another patch. Originally proposed by Jeff Janes, but with different semantics; adjusted to work like this by me per discussion. Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoaY4HsVZJv5SqEjCKLDwtCTSwXzKpRftgj50wmMMBwciA@mail.gmail.com
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