doc: Fix some grammar and inconsistencies

Some comments are fixed while on it.

Author: Justin Pryzby
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200818171702.GK17022@telsasoft.com
Backpatch-through: 9.6

doc/src/sgml/logicaldecoding.sgml

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ $ pg_recvlogical -d postgres --slot=test --drop-slot
      A logical slot will emit each change just once in normal operation.
      The current position of each slot is persisted only at checkpoint, so in
      the case of a crash the slot may return to an earlier LSN, which will
-     then cause recent changes to be resent when the server restarts.
+     then cause recent changes to be sent again when the server restarts.
      Logical decoding clients are responsible for avoiding ill effects from
      handling the same message more than once.  Clients may wish to record
      the last LSN they saw when decoding and skip over any repeated data or

doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml

@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
       from the parent table will be created in the partition, if they don't
       already exist.
       If any of the <literal>CHECK</literal> constraints of the table being
-      attached is marked <literal>NO INHERIT</literal>, the command will fail;
+      attached are marked <literal>NO INHERIT</literal>, the command will fail;
       such constraints must be recreated without the
       <literal>NO INHERIT</literal> clause.
      </para>

doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ CREATE SUBSCRIPTION <replaceable class="parameter">subscription_name</replaceabl
          <para>
           It is safe to use <literal>off</literal> for logical replication:
           If the subscriber loses transactions because of missing
-          synchronization, the data will be resent from the publisher.
+          synchronization, the data will be sent again from the publisher.
          </para>
 
          <para>

doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_verifybackup.sgml

@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
    for any files for which the computed checksum does not match the
    checksum stored in the manifest. This step is not performed for any files
    which produced errors in the previous step, since they are already known
-   to have problems. Also, files which were ignored in the previous step are
-   also ignored in this step.
+   to have problems. Files which were ignored in the previous step are also
+   ignored in this step.
   </para>
 
   <para>
@@ -121,7 +121,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
   <title>Options</title>
 
    <para>
-    The following command-line options control the behavior.
+    <application>pg_verifybackup</application> accepts the following
+    command-line arguments:
 
     <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>

doc/src/sgml/sources.sgml

@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ ereport(ERROR,
      specify suppression of the <literal>CONTEXT:</literal> portion of a message in
      the postmaster log.  This should only be used for verbose debugging
      messages where the repeated inclusion of context would bloat the log
-     volume too much.
+     too much.
     </para>
    </listitem>
   </itemizedlist>

src/backend/replication/logical/relation.c

@@ -631,8 +631,8 @@ logicalrep_partition_open(LogicalRepRelMapEntry *root,
 	/*
 	 * If the partition's attributes don't match the root relation's, we'll
 	 * need to make a new attrmap which maps partition attribute numbers to
-	 * remoterel's, instead the original which maps root relation's attribute
-	 * numbers to remoterel's.
+	 * remoterel's, instead of the original which maps root relation's
+	 * attribute numbers to remoterel's.
 	 *
 	 * Note that 'map' which comes from the tuple routing data structure
 	 * contains 1-based attribute numbers (of the parent relation).  However,

src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c

@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ ProcSleep(LOCALLOCK *locallock, LockMethod lockMethodTable)
 			else
 				LWLockRelease(ProcArrayLock);
 
-			/* prevent signal from being resent more than once */
+			/* prevent signal from being sent again more than once */
 			allow_autovacuum_cancel = false;
 		}