Allow datetime values in JsonbValue

SQL/JSON standard allows manipulation with datetime values.  So, it appears to
be convinient to allow datetime values to be represented in JsonbValue struct.
These datetime values are allowed for temporary representation only.  During
serialization datetime values are converted into strings.

SQL/JSON requires writing timestamps with timezone in the same timezone offset
as they were parsed.  This is why we allow storage of timezone offset in
JsonbValue struct.  For the same reason timezone offset argument is added to
JsonEncodeDateTime() function.

Extracted from original patch by Nikita Glukhov, Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov.
Revised by me.  Comments were adjusted by Liudmila Mantrova.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/fcc6fc6a-b497-f39a-923d-aa34d0c588e8%402ndQuadrant.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPpHfdsZgYEra_PeCLGNoXOWYx6iU-S3wF8aX0ObQUcZU%2B4XTw%40mail.gmail.com
Author: Nikita Glukhov, Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov, Alexander Korotkov, Liudmila Mantrova
Reviewed-by: Anastasia Lubennikova, Peter Eisentraut

src/backend/utils/adt/json.c

@@ -1506,7 +1506,7 @@ datum_to_json(Datum val, bool is_null, StringInfo result,
 			{
 				char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
 
-				JsonEncodeDateTime(buf, val, DATEOID);
+				JsonEncodeDateTime(buf, val, DATEOID, NULL);
 				appendStringInfo(result, "\"%s\"", buf);
 			}
 			break;
@@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@ datum_to_json(Datum val, bool is_null, StringInfo result,
 			{
 				char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
 
-				JsonEncodeDateTime(buf, val, TIMESTAMPOID);
+				JsonEncodeDateTime(buf, val, TIMESTAMPOID, NULL);
 				appendStringInfo(result, "\"%s\"", buf);
 			}
 			break;
@@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@ datum_to_json(Datum val, bool is_null, StringInfo result,
 			{
 				char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
 
-				JsonEncodeDateTime(buf, val, TIMESTAMPTZOID);
+				JsonEncodeDateTime(buf, val, TIMESTAMPTZOID, NULL);
 				appendStringInfo(result, "\"%s\"", buf);
 			}
 			break;
@@ -1550,10 +1550,11 @@ datum_to_json(Datum val, bool is_null, StringInfo result,
 
 /*
  * Encode 'value' of datetime type 'typid' into JSON string in ISO format using
- * optionally preallocated buffer 'buf'.
+ * optionally preallocated buffer 'buf'.  Optional 'tzp' determines time-zone
+ * offset (in seconds) in which we want to show timestamptz.
  */
 char *
-JsonEncodeDateTime(char *buf, Datum value, Oid typid)
+JsonEncodeDateTime(char *buf, Datum value, Oid typid, const int *tzp)
 {
 	if (!buf)
 		buf = palloc(MAXDATELEN + 1);
@@ -1630,11 +1631,30 @@ JsonEncodeDateTime(char *buf, Datum value, Oid typid)
 				const char *tzn = NULL;
 
 				timestamp = DatumGetTimestampTz(value);
+
+				/*
+				 * If a time zone is specified, we apply the time-zone shift,
+				 * convert timestamptz to pg_tm as if it were without a time
+				 * zone, and then use the specified time zone for converting
+				 * the timestamp into a string.
+				 */
+				if (tzp)
+				{
+					tz = *tzp;
+					timestamp -= (TimestampTz) tz * USECS_PER_SEC;
+				}
+
 				/* Same as timestamptz_out(), but forcing DateStyle */
 				if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
 					EncodeSpecialTimestamp(timestamp, buf);
-				else if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, &tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) == 0)
+				else if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, tzp ? NULL : &tz, &tm, &fsec,
+									  tzp ? NULL : &tzn, NULL) == 0)
+				{
+					if (tzp)
+						tm.tm_isdst = 1;	/* set time-zone presence flag */
+
 					EncodeDateTime(&tm, fsec, true, tz, tzn, USE_XSD_DATES, buf);
+				}
 				else
 					ereport(ERROR,
 							(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),

src/backend/utils/adt/jsonb.c

@@ -206,6 +206,24 @@ JsonbTypeName(JsonbValue *jbv)
 			return "boolean";
 		case jbvNull:
 			return "null";
+		case jbvDatetime:
+			switch (jbv->val.datetime.typid)
+			{
+				case DATEOID:
+					return "date";
+				case TIMEOID:
+					return "time without time zone";
+				case TIMETZOID:
+					return "time with time zone";
+				case TIMESTAMPOID:
+					return "timestamp without time zone";
+				case TIMESTAMPTZOID:
+					return "timestamp with time zone";
+				default:
+					elog(ERROR, "unrecognized jsonb value datetime type: %d",
+						 jbv->val.datetime.typid);
+			}
+			return "unknown";
 		default:
 			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized jsonb value type: %d", jbv->type);
 			return "unknown";
@@ -805,17 +823,20 @@ datum_to_jsonb(Datum val, bool is_null, JsonbInState *result,
 				break;
 			case JSONBTYPE_DATE:
 				jb.type = jbvString;
-				jb.val.string.val = JsonEncodeDateTime(NULL, val, DATEOID);
+				jb.val.string.val = JsonEncodeDateTime(NULL, val,
+													   DATEOID, NULL);
 				jb.val.string.len = strlen(jb.val.string.val);
 				break;
 			case JSONBTYPE_TIMESTAMP:
 				jb.type = jbvString;
-				jb.val.string.val = JsonEncodeDateTime(NULL, val, TIMESTAMPOID);
+				jb.val.string.val = JsonEncodeDateTime(NULL, val,
+													   TIMESTAMPOID, NULL);
 				jb.val.string.len = strlen(jb.val.string.val);
 				break;
 			case JSONBTYPE_TIMESTAMPTZ:
 				jb.type = jbvString;
-				jb.val.string.val = JsonEncodeDateTime(NULL, val, TIMESTAMPTZOID);
+				jb.val.string.val = JsonEncodeDateTime(NULL, val,
+													   TIMESTAMPTZOID, NULL);
 				jb.val.string.len = strlen(jb.val.string.val);
 				break;
 			case JSONBTYPE_JSONCAST:

src/backend/utils/adt/jsonb_util.c

@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/datetime.h"
 #include "utils/hashutils.h"
+#include "utils/jsonapi.h"
 #include "utils/jsonb.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
 #include "utils/varlena.h"
@@ -244,6 +247,8 @@ compareJsonbContainers(JsonbContainer *a, JsonbContainer *b)
 						break;
 					case jbvBinary:
 						elog(ERROR, "unexpected jbvBinary value");
+					case jbvDatetime:
+						elog(ERROR, "unexpected jbvDatetime value");
 				}
 			}
 			else
@@ -1786,6 +1791,22 @@ convertJsonbScalar(StringInfo buffer, JEntry *jentry, JsonbValue *scalarVal)
 				JENTRY_ISBOOL_TRUE : JENTRY_ISBOOL_FALSE;
 			break;
 
+		case jbvDatetime:
+			{
+				char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
+				size_t		len;
+
+				JsonEncodeDateTime(buf,
+								   scalarVal->val.datetime.value,
+								   scalarVal->val.datetime.typid,
+								   &scalarVal->val.datetime.tz);
+				len = strlen(buf);
+				appendToBuffer(buffer, buf, len);
+
+				*jentry = len;
+			}
+			break;
+
 		default:
 			elog(ERROR, "invalid jsonb scalar type");
 	}

src/include/utils/jsonapi.h

@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ extern Jsonb *transform_jsonb_string_values(Jsonb *jsonb, void *action_state,
 extern text *transform_json_string_values(text *json, void *action_state,
 										  JsonTransformStringValuesAction transform_action);
 
-extern char *JsonEncodeDateTime(char *buf, Datum value, Oid typid);
+extern char *JsonEncodeDateTime(char *buf, Datum value, Oid typid,
+								const int *tzp);
 
 #endif							/* JSONAPI_H */

src/include/utils/jsonb.h

@@ -241,7 +241,15 @@ enum jbvType
 	jbvArray = 0x10,
 	jbvObject,
 	/* Binary (i.e. struct Jsonb) jbvArray/jbvObject */
-	jbvBinary
+	jbvBinary,
+
+	/*
+	 * Virtual types.
+	 *
+	 * These types are used only for in-memory JSON processing and serialized
+	 * into JSON strings when outputted to json/jsonb.
+	 */
+	jbvDatetime = 0x20,
 };
 
 /*
@@ -282,11 +290,21 @@ struct JsonbValue
 			int			len;
 			JsonbContainer *data;
 		}			binary;		/* Array or object, in on-disk format */
+
+		struct
+		{
+			Datum		value;
+			Oid			typid;
+			int32		typmod;
+			int			tz;		/* Numeric time zone, in seconds, for
+								 * TimestampTz data type */
+		}			datetime;
 	}			val;
 };
 
-#define IsAJsonbScalar(jsonbval)	((jsonbval)->type >= jbvNull && \
-									 (jsonbval)->type <= jbvBool)
+#define IsAJsonbScalar(jsonbval)	(((jsonbval)->type >= jbvNull && \
+									  (jsonbval)->type <= jbvBool) || \
+									  (jsonbval)->type == jbvDatetime)
 
 /*
  * Key/value pair within an Object.