Fix reference-after-free when waiting for another xact due to constraint.

If an insertion or update had to wait for another transaction to finish,
because there was another insertion with conflicting key in progress,
we would pass a just-free'd item pointer to XactLockTableWait().

All calls to XactLockTableWait() and MultiXactIdWait() had similar issues.
Some passed a pointer to a buffer in the buffer cache, after already
releasing the lock. The call in EvalPlanQualFetch had already released the
pin too. All but the call in execUtils.c would merely lead to reporting a
bogus ctid, however (or an assertion failure, if enabled).

All the callers that passed HeapTuple->t_data->t_ctid were slightly bogus
anyway: if the tuple was updated (again) in the same transaction, its ctid
field would point to the next tuple in the chain, not the tuple itself.

Backpatch to 9.4, where the 'ctid' argument to XactLockTableWait was added
(in commit f88d4cfc)

src/backend/access/heap/heapam.c

@@ -2717,7 +2717,7 @@ l1:
 		{
 			/* wait for multixact */
 			MultiXactIdWait((MultiXactId) xwait, MultiXactStatusUpdate, infomask,
-							relation, &tp.t_data->t_ctid, XLTW_Delete,
+							relation, &(tp.t_self), XLTW_Delete,
 							NULL);
 			LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
 
@@ -2744,7 +2744,7 @@ l1:
 		else
 		{
 			/* wait for regular transaction to end */
-			XactLockTableWait(xwait, relation, &tp.t_data->t_ctid, XLTW_Delete);
+			XactLockTableWait(xwait, relation, &(tp.t_self), XLTW_Delete);
 			LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
 
 			/*
@@ -3261,7 +3261,7 @@ l2:
 
 			/* wait for multixact */
 			MultiXactIdWait((MultiXactId) xwait, mxact_status, infomask,
-							relation, &oldtup.t_data->t_ctid, XLTW_Update,
+							relation, &oldtup.t_self, XLTW_Update,
 							&remain);
 			LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
 
@@ -3341,7 +3341,7 @@ l2:
 				 */
 				heap_acquire_tuplock(relation, &(oldtup.t_self), *lockmode,
 									 LockWaitBlock, &have_tuple_lock);
-				XactLockTableWait(xwait, relation, &oldtup.t_data->t_ctid,
+				XactLockTableWait(xwait, relation, &oldtup.t_self,
 								  XLTW_Update);
 				LockBuffer(buffer, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
 
@@ -4365,7 +4365,7 @@ l3:
 				{
 					case LockWaitBlock:
 						MultiXactIdWait((MultiXactId) xwait, status, infomask,
-										relation, &tuple->t_data->t_ctid, XLTW_Lock, NULL);
+										relation, &tuple->t_self, XLTW_Lock, NULL);
 						break;
 					case LockWaitSkip:
 						if (!ConditionalMultiXactIdWait((MultiXactId) xwait,
@@ -4437,7 +4437,7 @@ l3:
 				switch (wait_policy)
 				{
 					case LockWaitBlock:
-						XactLockTableWait(xwait, relation, &tuple->t_data->t_ctid,
+						XactLockTableWait(xwait, relation, &tuple->t_self,
 										  XLTW_Lock);
 						break;
 					case LockWaitSkip:
@@ -5181,7 +5181,7 @@ l4:
 					{
 						LockBuffer(buf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
 						XactLockTableWait(members[i].xid, rel,
-										  &mytup.t_data->t_ctid,
+										  &mytup.t_self,
 										  XLTW_LockUpdated);
 						pfree(members);
 						goto l4;
@@ -5242,7 +5242,7 @@ l4:
 				if (needwait)
 				{
 					LockBuffer(buf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
-					XactLockTableWait(rawxmax, rel, &mytup.t_data->t_ctid,
+					XactLockTableWait(rawxmax, rel, &mytup.t_self,
 									  XLTW_LockUpdated);
 					goto l4;
 				}

src/backend/catalog/index.c

@@ -2328,7 +2328,7 @@ IndexBuildHeapRangeScan(Relation heapRelation,
 							 */
 							LockBuffer(scan->rs_cbuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
 							XactLockTableWait(xwait, heapRelation,
-											  &heapTuple->t_data->t_ctid,
+											  &heapTuple->t_self,
 											  XLTW_InsertIndexUnique);
 							CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 							goto recheck;
@@ -2377,7 +2377,7 @@ IndexBuildHeapRangeScan(Relation heapRelation,
 							 */
 							LockBuffer(scan->rs_cbuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
 							XactLockTableWait(xwait, heapRelation,
-											  &heapTuple->t_data->t_ctid,
+											  &heapTuple->t_self,
 											  XLTW_InsertIndexUnique);
 							CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 							goto recheck;

src/backend/executor/execMain.c

@@ -2118,7 +2118,7 @@ EvalPlanQualFetch(EState *estate, Relation relation, int lockmode,
 				{
 					case LockWaitBlock:
 						XactLockTableWait(SnapshotDirty.xmax,
-										  relation, &tuple.t_data->t_ctid,
+										  relation, &tuple.t_self,
 										  XLTW_FetchUpdated);
 						break;
 					case LockWaitSkip:

src/backend/executor/execUtils.c

@@ -1245,6 +1245,7 @@ retry:
 								ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)
 	{
 		TransactionId xwait;
+		ItemPointerData ctid_wait;
 		Datum		existing_values[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
 		bool		existing_isnull[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
 		char	   *error_new;
@@ -1306,8 +1307,9 @@ retry:
 
 		if (TransactionIdIsValid(xwait))
 		{
+			ctid_wait = tup->t_data->t_ctid;
 			index_endscan(index_scan);
-			XactLockTableWait(xwait, heap, &tup->t_data->t_ctid,
+			XactLockTableWait(xwait, heap, &ctid_wait,
 							  XLTW_RecheckExclusionConstr);
 			goto retry;
 		}