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Postgres FD Implementation
Commit 3f540711 authored by Bruce Momjian's avatar Bruce Momjian
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Update Russian FAQ. 

Victor Vislobokov
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Otvety na chasto zadavaemye voprosy po PostgreSQL
Data poslednego obnovleniya: Ponedel'nik 30 maya 09:11:03 EDT 2005
Data poslednego obnovleniya: Pyatnica 16 sentyabrya 14:07:22 EDT 2005
Anglijskij variant soprovozhdaet: Bryus Mom'yan (Bruce Momjian)
(pgman@candle.pha.pa.us)
Pereviol na russkij: Viktor Vislobokov (corochoone@perm.ru)
Pereviol na russkij: Viktor Vislobokov (admin@linuxshare.ru)
Samuyu svezhuyu anglijskuyu versiyu dokumenta mozhno najti na
http://www.PostgreSQL.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html.
......@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@
suschestvuet", kogda obraschayuts' k vremennym tablicam v funkciyah
PL/PgSQL?
4.20) Kakie est' resheniya dlya replikacii?
4.21) Pochemu imena tablicy i kolonok ne raspoznayutsya v v moiom
zaprose?
_________________________________________________________________
Obschie voprosy
......@@ -101,7 +103,8 @@
1.1) CHto takoe PostgreSQL? Kak proiznositsya `eto nazvanie?
PostgreSQL proiznositsya Post-Gres-Q-L (Post-Gres-K'yu-`El), takzhe
chasto govoryat prosto Postgres.
inogda govoryat prosto Postgres. Vy mozhete uslyshat' kak `eto
proiznositsya s pomosch'yu audiofajla, kotoryj dostupen v formate MP3.
PostgreSQL - `eto ob"ektno-relyacionnaya sistema upravleniya bazami
dannyh (SUBD), kotoraya imeet tradicionnye vozmozhnosti kommercheskih
......@@ -205,7 +208,7 @@
1.7) Kakaya poslednyaya versiya?
Poslednij vypusk PostgreSQL - `eto versiya 8.0.2
Poslednij vypusk PostgreSQL - `eto versiya 8.0.3
My planiruem vypuskat' novye starshie versii kazhdyj god, a mladshie
versii kazhdye neskol'ko mesyacev.
......@@ -535,6 +538,13 @@
byt' uvelicheny v chetyre raza, esli razmer bloka po umolchaniyu budet
uvelichen do 32k.
Suschestvuet ogranichenie, po kotoromu indeksy ne mogut sozdavat'sya
dlya kolonok dlinnee chem 2,000 simvolov. K schast'yu takie indeksy
vryad li dejstvitel'no komu-to nuzhny. Unikal'nost' garantiruetsya
nailuchim obrazom, s pomosch'yu funkcional'nogo indeksa iz h`esha MD5
dlinnoj kolonki, a polnotekstovoe indeksirovanie pozvolyaet iskat'
slova vnutri kolonki.
4.5) Kak mnogo diskovogo prostranstva v baze dannyh nuzhno dlya sohraneniya
dannyh iz obychnogo tekstovogo fajla?
......@@ -546,23 +556,23 @@
srednem, sostavlyaet 20 bajt. Razmer prostogo fajla sostavit 2.8 MB.
Razmer bazy PostgreSQL, soderzhaschej `eti zhe dannye sostavit
priblizitel'no 6.4 MB iz kotoryh:
32 bajt: na kazhdyj zagolovok stroki v tablice (priblizitel'no)
28 bajt: na kazhdyj zagolovok stroki v tablice (priblizitel'no)
+ 24 bajta: odno pole s celochislennym tipom i odno tekstovoe pole
+ 4 bajta: ukazatel' na stranice dlya vsej tablichnoj stroki
----------------------------------------
60 bajt na stroku v tablice
56 bajt na stroku v tablice
Razmer stranicy dannyh v PostgreSQL sostavlyaet 8192 bajt (8 KB), tak chto:
8192 bajt na stranicu
--------------------- = 136 strok v tablice na stranicu BD (okruglionno)
60 bajt na stroku v tablice
--------------------- = 146 strok v tablice na stranicu BD (okruglionno)
56 bajt na stroku v tablice
100000 strok dannyh
----------------------- = 735 stranic v BD (okruglionno)
128 strok v tablice na stranicu
----------------------- = 685 stranic v BD (okruglionno)
146 strok v tablice na stranicu
735 stranic BD * 8192 bajt na stranicu = 6,021,120 bajt (6 MB)
685 stranic BD * 8192 bajt na stranicu = 5,611,520 bajt (5.6 MB)
Indeksy ne trebuyut tak mnogo, no poskol'ku oni sozdayutsya dlya
bol'shogo kolichestva dannyh, oni takzhe mogut byt' veliki.
......@@ -650,6 +660,13 @@
esli vy sozdadite indeks vyrazheniya, on budet ispol'zovan:
CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));
Esli vysheukazannyj indeks sozdaiotsya kak UNIQUE, to kolonka, dlya
kotoroj on sozdaiotsya mozhet hranit' simvoly i v verhnem, i v nizhnem
registre, indes ne mozhet imet' identichnyh znachenij, kotorye
otlichayutsya tol'ko registrom. CHtoby v kolonke mozhno bylo hranit'
simvoly tol'ko v opredelionnom registre, ispol'zujte ogranichenie
CHECK ili proverku cherez trigger.
4.9) Kak mne opredelit', chto znachenie polya ravno NULL v kakom-libo
zaprose? Mogu ya otsortirovat' polya NULL ili net?
......@@ -869,3 +886,18 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
neobhodima sinhronizaciya izmenenij mezhdu neskol'kimi serverami.
Naibolee populyarnym resheniem dlya takoj replikacii v PostgreSQL
yavlyaetsya Pgcluster.
4.21) Pochemu imena tablicy i kolonok ne raspoznayutsya v v moiom zaprose?
Naibolee chasto `eto proishodit iz-za ispol'zovaniya dvojnyh kavychek
v imeni tablicy ili kolonki pri sozdanii tablicy. Pri ispol'zovanii
dvojnyh kavychek, imya tablicy i kolonki (kotorye nazyvayut
identifikatorami) sohranyayutsya v registro-zavisimom vide; `eto
oznachaet, chto vy dolzhny ispol'zovat' dvojnye kavychki, kogda
ukazyvaete `eti imena v zaprose. Nekotorye interfejsy, takie kak
pgAdmin, vo vremya sozdaniya tablicy dobavlyayut dvojnye kavychki
avtomaticheski. Takim obrazom, chtoby identifikatory raspoznavalis' vy
dolzhny sledovat' odnomu iz sleduyuschih pravil:
* Izbegat' ispol'zovaniya dvojnyh kavychek pri sozdanii tablic
* Ispol'zovat' v identifikatorah tol'ko simvoly nizhnego registra
* Ispol'zovat' dvojnye kavychki dlya identifikatorov v zaprosah
doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_russian.html
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......@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@
<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#ff0000" vlink="#a00000" alink="#0000ff">
<H1> PostgreSQL</H1>
<P> : 30 09:11:03 EDT 2005</P>
<P> : 16 14:07:22 EDT 2005</P>
<P> : (Bruce Momjian) (<A href=
"mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>)<BR>
</P>
<P>ף : (<A href=
"mailto:corochoone@perm.ru">corochoone@perm.ru</A>)<BR>
"mailto:admin@linuxshare.ru">admin@linuxshare.ru</A>)<BR>
</P>
<P>
......@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@
<A href="#4.19">4.19</A>) "relation with OID ####
", PL/PgSQL?<BR>
<A href="#4.20">4.20</A>) ?<BR>
<A href="#4.21">4.21</A>)
ϣ ?<BR>
<HR>
......@@ -125,7 +127,10 @@
<H3><A name="1.1">1.1</A>) PostgreSQL? ?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL <I>Post-Gres-Q-L (---)</I>,
<I>Postgres</I>.</P>
<I>Postgres</I>.
,
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/files/postgresql.mp3"> MP3</A>.
</P>
<P>PostgreSQL - -
(),
......@@ -240,7 +245,7 @@
<H3><A name="1.7">1.7</A>) ?</H3>
<P> PostgreSQL - 8.0.2</P>
<P> PostgreSQL - 8.0.3</P>
<P> ,
.</P>
......@@ -651,6 +656,12 @@
<P>
,
32k.</P>
<P> ,
2,000 .
- . ,
MD5 ,
.</P>
<H3><A name="4.5">4.5</A>)
?</H3>
......@@ -664,23 +675,23 @@
PostgreSQL,
6.4 MB :</P>
<PRE>
32 : ()
28 : ()
+ 24 :
+ 4 :
----------------------------------------
60
56
PostgreSQL 8192 (8 KB), :
8192
--------------------- = 136 (̣)
60
--------------------- = 146 (̣)
56
100000
----------------------- = 735 (̣)
128
----------------------- = 685 (̣)
146
735 * 8192 = 6,021,120 (6 MB)
685 * 8192 = 5,611,520 (5.6 MB)
</PRE>
<P> ,
......@@ -781,6 +792,12 @@
<PRE>
CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));
</PRE>
<P> <SMALL>UNIQUE</SMALL>,
, ,
, ,
.
̣ ,
<SMALL>CHECK</SMALL> .</P>
<H3><A name="4.9">4.9</A>) ,
<SMALL>NULL</SMALL> - ?
......@@ -1071,5 +1088,23 @@ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
PostgreSQL
<A href="http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pgcluster/">Pgcluster</A>.
<H3><A name="4.21">4.21</A>)
ϣ ?</H3>
<P> -
.
, ( )
<A href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.0/static/sql-syntax.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS">
- </A>; ,
, .
, pgAdmin,
. ,
:
<UL>
<LI> </LI>
<LI> </LI>
<LI> </LI>
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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