Fetch XIDs atomically during vac_truncate_clog().

Because vac_update_datfrozenxid() updates datfrozenxid and datminmxid
in-place, it's unsafe to assume that successive reads of those values will
give consistent results.  Fetch each one just once to ensure sane behavior
in the minimum calculation.  Noted while reviewing Alexander Korotkov's
patch in the same area.

Discussion: <8564.1464116473@sss.pgh.pa.us>

src/backend/commands/vacuum.c

@@ -1067,6 +1067,12 @@ vac_truncate_clog(TransactionId frozenXID,
 	/*
 	 * Scan pg_database to compute the minimum datfrozenxid/datminmxid
 	 *
+	 * Since vac_update_datfrozenxid updates datfrozenxid/datminmxid in-place,
+	 * the values could change while we look at them.  Fetch each one just
+	 * once to ensure sane behavior of the comparison logic.  (Here, as in
+	 * many other places, we assume that fetching or updating an XID in shared
+	 * storage is atomic.)
+	 *
 	 * Note: we need not worry about a race condition with new entries being
 	 * inserted by CREATE DATABASE.  Any such entry will have a copy of some
 	 * existing DB's datfrozenxid, and that source DB cannot be ours because
@@ -1082,10 +1088,12 @@ vac_truncate_clog(TransactionId frozenXID,
 
 	while ((tuple = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)
 	{
-		Form_pg_database dbform = (Form_pg_database) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
+		volatile FormData_pg_database *dbform = (Form_pg_database) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
+		TransactionId datfrozenxid = dbform->datfrozenxid;
+		TransactionId datminmxid = dbform->datminmxid;
 
-		Assert(TransactionIdIsNormal(dbform->datfrozenxid));
-		Assert(MultiXactIdIsValid(dbform->datminmxid));
+		Assert(TransactionIdIsNormal(datfrozenxid));
+		Assert(MultiXactIdIsValid(datminmxid));
 
 		/*
 		 * If things are working properly, no database should have a
@@ -1096,21 +1104,21 @@ vac_truncate_clog(TransactionId frozenXID,
 		 * databases have been scanned and cleaned up.  (We will issue the
 		 * "already wrapped" warning if appropriate, though.)
 		 */
-		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(lastSaneFrozenXid, dbform->datfrozenxid) ||
-			MultiXactIdPrecedes(lastSaneMinMulti, dbform->datminmxid))
+		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(lastSaneFrozenXid, datfrozenxid) ||
+			MultiXactIdPrecedes(lastSaneMinMulti, datminmxid))
 			bogus = true;
 
-		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(nextXID, dbform->datfrozenxid))
+		if (TransactionIdPrecedes(nextXID, datfrozenxid))
 			frozenAlreadyWrapped = true;
-		else if (TransactionIdPrecedes(dbform->datfrozenxid, frozenXID))
+		else if (TransactionIdPrecedes(datfrozenxid, frozenXID))
 		{
-			frozenXID = dbform->datfrozenxid;
+			frozenXID = datfrozenxid;
 			oldestxid_datoid = HeapTupleGetOid(tuple);
 		}
 
-		if (MultiXactIdPrecedes(dbform->datminmxid, minMulti))
+		if (MultiXactIdPrecedes(datminmxid, minMulti))
 		{
-			minMulti = dbform->datminmxid;
+			minMulti = datminmxid;
 			minmulti_datoid = HeapTupleGetOid(tuple);
 		}
 	}