Fix a bunch of places that called malloc and friends with no NULL check.

Where possible, use palloc or pg_malloc instead; otherwise, insert
explicit NULL checks.

Generally speaking, these are places where an actual OOM is quite
unlikely, either because they're in client programs that don't
allocate all that much, or they're very early in process startup
so that we'd likely have had a fork() failure instead.  Hence,
no back-patch, even though this is nominally a bug fix.

Michael Paquier, with some adjustments by me

Discussion: <CAB7nPqRu07Ot6iht9i9KRfYLpDaF2ZuUv5y_+72uP23ZAGysRg@mail.gmail.com>

contrib/pg_standby/pg_standby.c

@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				}
 				break;
 			case 't':			/* Trigger file */
-				triggerPath = strdup(optarg);
+				triggerPath = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 'w':			/* Max wait time */
 				maxwaittime = atoi(optarg);

contrib/vacuumlo/vacuumlo.c

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ vacuumlo(const char *database, const struct _param * param)
 
 		if (!schema || !table || !field)
 		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 			PQclear(res);
 			PQfinish(conn);
 			if (schema != NULL)
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				}
 				break;
 			case 'U':
-				param.pg_user = strdup(optarg);
+				param.pg_user = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 'w':
 				param.pg_prompt = TRI_NO;
@@ -534,10 +534,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 					fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid port number: %s\n", progname, optarg);
 					exit(1);
 				}
-				param.pg_port = strdup(optarg);
+				param.pg_port = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 'h':
-				param.pg_host = strdup(optarg);
+				param.pg_host = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 		}
 	}

src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c

@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@
 uint32		bootstrap_data_checksum_version = 0;		/* No checksum */
 
 
-#define ALLOC(t, c)		((t *) calloc((unsigned)(c), sizeof(t)))
+#define ALLOC(t, c) \
+	((t *) MemoryContextAllocZero(TopMemoryContext, (unsigned)(c) * sizeof(t)))
 
 static void CheckerModeMain(void);
 static void BootstrapModeMain(void);
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ AuxiliaryProcessMain(int argc, char *argv[])
 				SetConfigOption("shared_buffers", optarg, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ARGV);
 				break;
 			case 'D':
-				userDoption = strdup(optarg);
+				userDoption = pstrdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 'd':
 				{
@@ -1002,13 +1003,8 @@ boot_get_type_io_data(Oid typid,
 static Form_pg_attribute
 AllocateAttribute(void)
 {
-	Form_pg_attribute attribute = (Form_pg_attribute) malloc(ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
-
-	if (!PointerIsValid(attribute))
-		elog(FATAL, "out of memory");
-	MemSet(attribute, 0, ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
-
-	return attribute;
+	return (Form_pg_attribute)
+		MemoryContextAllocZero(TopMemoryContext, ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
 }
 
 /*

src/backend/port/dynloader/darwin.c

@@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ pg_dlsym(void *handle, char *funcname)
 	NSSymbol symbol;
 	char	   *symname = (char *) malloc(strlen(funcname) + 2);
 
+	if (!symname)
+		return NULL;
+
 	sprintf(symname, "_%s", funcname);
 	if (NSIsSymbolNameDefined(symname))
 	{

src/backend/utils/misc/ps_status.c

@@ -113,6 +113,9 @@ static char **save_argv;
  * overwritten during init_ps_display.  Also, the physical location of the
  * environment strings may be moved, so this should be called before any code
  * that might try to hang onto a getenv() result.)
+ *
+ * Note that in case of failure this cannot call elog() as that is not
+ * initialized yet.  We rely on write_stderr() instead.
  */
 char	  **
 save_ps_display_args(int argc, char **argv)
@@ -163,8 +166,20 @@ save_ps_display_args(int argc, char **argv)
 		 * move the environment out of the way
 		 */
 		new_environ = (char **) malloc((i + 1) * sizeof(char *));
+		if (!new_environ)
+		{
+			write_stderr("out of memory\n");
+			exit(1);
+		}
 		for (i = 0; environ[i] != NULL; i++)
+		{
 			new_environ[i] = strdup(environ[i]);
+			if (!new_environ[i])
+			{
+				write_stderr("out of memory\n");
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
 		new_environ[i] = NULL;
 		environ = new_environ;
 	}
@@ -189,8 +204,20 @@ save_ps_display_args(int argc, char **argv)
 		int			i;
 
 		new_argv = (char **) malloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *));
+		if (!new_argv)
+		{
+			write_stderr("out of memory\n");
+			exit(1);
+		}
 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		{
 			new_argv[i] = strdup(argv[i]);
+			if (!new_argv[i])
+			{
+				write_stderr("out of memory\n");
+				exit(1);
+			}
+		}
 		new_argv[argc] = NULL;
 
 #if defined(__darwin__)

src/bin/pg_archivecleanup/pg_archivecleanup.c

@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				dryrun = true;
 				break;
 			case 'x':
-				additional_ext = strdup(optarg);		/* Extension to remove
+				additional_ext = pg_strdup(optarg);		/* Extension to remove
 														 * from xlogfile names */
 				break;
 			default:

src/bin/psql/command.c

@@ -1182,15 +1182,23 @@ exec_command(const char *cmd,
 					fflush(stdout);
 				}
 				result = gets_fromFile(stdin);
+				if (!result)
+				{
+					psql_error("\\%s: could not read value for variable\n",
+							   cmd);
+					success = false;
+				}
 			}
 
-			if (!SetVariable(pset.vars, opt, result))
+			if (result &&
+				!SetVariable(pset.vars, opt, result))
 			{
 				psql_error("\\%s: error while setting variable\n", cmd);
 				success = false;
 			}
 
-			free(result);
+			if (result)
+				free(result);
 			if (prompt_text)
 				free(prompt_text);
 			free(opt);

src/common/exec.c

@@ -553,6 +553,7 @@ set_pglocale_pgservice(const char *argv0, const char *app)
 	char		my_exec_path[MAXPGPATH];
 	char		env_path[MAXPGPATH + sizeof("PGSYSCONFDIR=")];	/* longer than
 																 * PGLOCALEDIR */
+	char	   *dup_path;
 
 	/* don't set LC_ALL in the backend */
 	if (strcmp(app, PG_TEXTDOMAIN("postgres")) != 0)
@@ -583,7 +584,9 @@ set_pglocale_pgservice(const char *argv0, const char *app)
 		/* set for libpq to use */
 		snprintf(env_path, sizeof(env_path), "PGLOCALEDIR=%s", path);
 		canonicalize_path(env_path + 12);
-		putenv(strdup(env_path));
+		dup_path = strdup(env_path);
+		if (dup_path)
+			putenv(dup_path);
 	}
 #endif
 
@@ -594,7 +597,9 @@ set_pglocale_pgservice(const char *argv0, const char *app)
 		/* set for libpq to use */
 		snprintf(env_path, sizeof(env_path), "PGSYSCONFDIR=%s", path);
 		canonicalize_path(env_path + 13);
-		putenv(strdup(env_path));
+		dup_path = strdup(env_path);
+		if (dup_path)
+			putenv(dup_path);
 	}
 }
 

src/test/isolation/isolationtester.c

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	for (i = 0; i < testspec->nsessions; i++)
 		nallsteps += testspec->sessions[i]->nsteps;
 
-	allsteps = malloc(nallsteps * sizeof(Step *));
+	allsteps = pg_malloc(nallsteps * sizeof(Step *));
 
 	n = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < testspec->nsessions; i++)
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		if (PQresultStatus(res) == PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
 		{
 			if (PQntuples(res) == 1 && PQnfields(res) == 1)
-				backend_pids[i] = strdup(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0));
+				backend_pids[i] = pg_strdup(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0));
 			else
 			{
 				fprintf(stderr, "backend pid query returned %d rows and %d columns, expected 1 row and 1 column",
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ run_all_permutations(TestSpec *testspec)
 	for (i = 0; i < testspec->nsessions; i++)
 		nsteps += testspec->sessions[i]->nsteps;
 
-	steps = malloc(sizeof(Step *) * nsteps);
+	steps = pg_malloc(sizeof(Step *) * nsteps);
 
 	/*
 	 * To generate the permutations, we conceptually put the steps of each
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ run_all_permutations(TestSpec *testspec)
 	 * A pile is actually just an integer which tells how many steps we've
 	 * already picked from this pile.
 	 */
-	piles = malloc(sizeof(int) * testspec->nsessions);
+	piles = pg_malloc(sizeof(int) * testspec->nsessions);
 	for (i = 0; i < testspec->nsessions; i++)
 		piles[i] = 0;
 
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ run_named_permutations(TestSpec *testspec)
 		Permutation *p = testspec->permutations[i];
 		Step	  **steps;
 
-		steps = malloc(p->nsteps * sizeof(Step *));
+		steps = pg_malloc(p->nsteps * sizeof(Step *));
 
 		/* Find all the named steps using the lookup table */
 		for (j = 0; j < p->nsteps; j++)
@@ -476,8 +476,8 @@ run_permutation(TestSpec *testspec, int nsteps, Step **steps)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	waiting = malloc(sizeof(Step *) * testspec->nsessions);
-	errorstep = malloc(sizeof(Step *) * testspec->nsessions);
+	waiting = pg_malloc(sizeof(Step *) * testspec->nsessions);
+	errorstep = pg_malloc(sizeof(Step *) * testspec->nsessions);
 
 	printf("\nstarting permutation:");
 	for (i = 0; i < nsteps; i++)

src/test/isolation/specparse.y

@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ setup_list:
 			}
 			| setup_list setup
 			{
-				$$.elements = realloc($1.elements,
-									  ($1.nelements + 1) * sizeof(void *));
+				$$.elements = pg_realloc($1.elements,
+										 ($1.nelements + 1) * sizeof(void *));
 				$$.elements[$1.nelements] = $2;
 				$$.nelements = $1.nelements + 1;
 			}
@@ -97,15 +97,15 @@ opt_teardown:
 session_list:
 			session_list session
 			{
-				$$.elements = realloc($1.elements,
-									  ($1.nelements + 1) * sizeof(void *));
+				$$.elements = pg_realloc($1.elements,
+										 ($1.nelements + 1) * sizeof(void *));
 				$$.elements[$1.nelements] = $2;
 				$$.nelements = $1.nelements + 1;
 			}
 			| session
 			{
 				$$.nelements = 1;
-				$$.elements = malloc(sizeof(void *));
+				$$.elements = pg_malloc(sizeof(void *));
 				$$.elements[0] = $1;
 			}
 		;
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ session_list:
 session:
 			SESSION string_literal opt_setup step_list opt_teardown
 			{
-				$$ = malloc(sizeof(Session));
+				$$ = pg_malloc(sizeof(Session));
 				$$->name = $2;
 				$$->setupsql = $3;
 				$$->steps = (Step **) $4.elements;
@@ -125,15 +125,15 @@ session:
 step_list:
 			step_list step
 			{
-				$$.elements = realloc($1.elements,
-									  ($1.nelements + 1) * sizeof(void *));
+				$$.elements = pg_realloc($1.elements,
+										 ($1.nelements + 1) * sizeof(void *));
 				$$.elements[$1.nelements] = $2;
 				$$.nelements = $1.nelements + 1;
 			}
 			| step
 			{
 				$$.nelements = 1;
-				$$.elements = malloc(sizeof(void *));
+				$$.elements = pg_malloc(sizeof(void *));
 				$$.elements[0] = $1;
 			}
 		;
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ step_list:
 step:
 			STEP string_literal sqlblock
 			{
-				$$ = malloc(sizeof(Step));
+				$$ = pg_malloc(sizeof(Step));
 				$$->name = $2;
 				$$->sql = $3;
 				$$->errormsg = NULL;
@@ -164,15 +164,15 @@ opt_permutation_list:
 permutation_list:
 			permutation_list permutation
 			{
-				$$.elements = realloc($1.elements,
-									  ($1.nelements + 1) * sizeof(void *));
+				$$.elements = pg_realloc($1.elements,
+										 ($1.nelements + 1) * sizeof(void *));
 				$$.elements[$1.nelements] = $2;
 				$$.nelements = $1.nelements + 1;
 			}
 			| permutation
 			{
 				$$.nelements = 1;
-				$$.elements = malloc(sizeof(void *));
+				$$.elements = pg_malloc(sizeof(void *));
 				$$.elements[0] = $1;
 			}
 		;
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ permutation_list:
 permutation:
 			PERMUTATION string_literal_list
 			{
-				$$ = malloc(sizeof(Permutation));
+				$$ = pg_malloc(sizeof(Permutation));
 				$$->stepnames = (char **) $2.elements;
 				$$->nsteps = $2.nelements;
 			}
@@ -190,15 +190,15 @@ permutation:
 string_literal_list:
 			string_literal_list string_literal
 			{
-				$$.elements = realloc($1.elements,
-									  ($1.nelements + 1) * sizeof(void *));
+				$$.elements = pg_realloc($1.elements,
+										 ($1.nelements + 1) * sizeof(void *));
 				$$.elements[$1.nelements] = $2;
 				$$.nelements = $1.nelements + 1;
 			}
 			| string_literal
 			{
 				$$.nelements = 1;
-				$$.elements = malloc(sizeof(void *));
+				$$.elements = pg_malloc(sizeof(void *));
 				$$.elements[0] = $1;
 			}
 		;

src/test/isolation/specscanner.l

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ teardown		{ return(TEARDOWN); }
 				}
 <qstr>\"		{
 					litbuf[litbufpos] = '\0';
-					yylval.str = strdup(litbuf);
+					yylval.str = pg_strdup(litbuf);
 					BEGIN(INITIAL);
 					return(string_literal);
 				}
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ teardown		{ return(TEARDOWN); }
 				}
 <sql>{space}*"}" {
 					litbuf[litbufpos] = '\0';
-					yylval.str = strdup(litbuf);
+					yylval.str = pg_strdup(litbuf);
 					BEGIN(INITIAL);
 					return(sqlblock);
 				}

src/test/regress/pg_regress.c

@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ unlimit_core_size(void)
 void
 add_stringlist_item(_stringlist **listhead, const char *str)
 {
-	_stringlist *newentry = malloc(sizeof(_stringlist));
+	_stringlist *newentry = pg_malloc(sizeof(_stringlist));
 	_stringlist *oldentry;
 
-	newentry->str = strdup(str);
+	newentry->str = pg_strdup(str);
 	newentry->next = NULL;
 	if (*listhead == NULL)
 		*listhead = newentry;
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ free_stringlist(_stringlist **listhead)
 static void
 split_to_stringlist(const char *s, const char *delim, _stringlist **listhead)
 {
-	char	   *sc = strdup(s);
+	char	   *sc = pg_strdup(s);
 	char	   *token = strtok(sc, delim);
 
 	while (token)
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ signal_remove_temp(int signum)
 static const char *
 make_temp_sockdir(void)
 {
-	char	   *template = strdup("/tmp/pg_regress-XXXXXX");
+	char	   *template = pg_strdup("/tmp/pg_regress-XXXXXX");
 
 	temp_sockdir = mkdtemp(template);
 	if (temp_sockdir == NULL)
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ replace_string(char *string, char *replace, char *replacement)
 
 	while ((ptr = strstr(string, replace)) != NULL)
 	{
-		char	   *dup = strdup(string);
+		char	   *dup = pg_strdup(string);
 
 		strlcpy(string, dup, ptr - string + 1);
 		strcat(string, replacement);
@@ -661,11 +661,11 @@ load_resultmap(void)
 		 */
 		if (string_matches_pattern(host_platform, platform))
 		{
-			_resultmap *entry = malloc(sizeof(_resultmap));
+			_resultmap *entry = pg_malloc(sizeof(_resultmap));
 
-			entry->test = strdup(buf);
-			entry->type = strdup(file_type);
-			entry->resultfile = strdup(expected);
+			entry->test = pg_strdup(buf);
+			entry->type = pg_strdup(file_type);
+			entry->resultfile = pg_strdup(expected);
 			entry->next = resultmap;
 			resultmap = entry;
 		}
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ current_windows_user(const char **acct, const char **dom)
 				progname, GetLastError());
 		exit(2);
 	}
-	tokenuser = malloc(retlen);
+	tokenuser = pg_malloc(retlen);
 	if (!GetTokenInformation(token, TokenUser, tokenuser, retlen, &retlen))
 	{
 		fprintf(stderr,
@@ -1460,7 +1460,7 @@ wait_for_tests(PID_TYPE * pids, int *statuses, char **names, int num_tests)
 	int			i;
 
 #ifdef WIN32
-	PID_TYPE   *active_pids = malloc(num_tests * sizeof(PID_TYPE));
+	PID_TYPE   *active_pids = pg_malloc(num_tests * sizeof(PID_TYPE));
 
 	memcpy(active_pids, pids, num_tests * sizeof(PID_TYPE));
 #endif
@@ -1848,7 +1848,7 @@ open_result_files(void)
 
 	/* create the log file (copy of running status output) */
 	snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/regression.out", outputdir);
-	logfilename = strdup(file);
+	logfilename = pg_strdup(file);
 	logfile = fopen(logfilename, "w");
 	if (!logfile)
 	{
@@ -1859,7 +1859,7 @@ open_result_files(void)
 
 	/* create the diffs file as empty */
 	snprintf(file, sizeof(file), "%s/regression.diffs", outputdir);
-	difffilename = strdup(file);
+	difffilename = pg_strdup(file);
 	difffile = fopen(difffilename, "w");
 	if (!difffile)
 	{
@@ -2064,13 +2064,13 @@ regression_main(int argc, char *argv[], init_function ifunc, test_function tfunc
 				 * before we add the specified one.
 				 */
 				free_stringlist(&dblist);
-				split_to_stringlist(strdup(optarg), ", ", &dblist);
+				split_to_stringlist(pg_strdup(optarg), ", ", &dblist);
 				break;
 			case 2:
 				debug = true;
 				break;
 			case 3:
-				inputdir = strdup(optarg);
+				inputdir = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 4:
 				add_stringlist_item(&loadlanguage, optarg);
@@ -2079,10 +2079,10 @@ regression_main(int argc, char *argv[], init_function ifunc, test_function tfunc
 				max_connections = atoi(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 6:
-				encoding = strdup(optarg);
+				encoding = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 7:
-				outputdir = strdup(optarg);
+				outputdir = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 8:
 				add_stringlist_item(&schedulelist, optarg);
@@ -2094,27 +2094,27 @@ regression_main(int argc, char *argv[], init_function ifunc, test_function tfunc
 				nolocale = true;
 				break;
 			case 13:
-				hostname = strdup(optarg);
+				hostname = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 14:
 				port = atoi(optarg);
 				port_specified_by_user = true;
 				break;
 			case 15:
-				user = strdup(optarg);
+				user = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 16:
 				/* "--bindir=" means to use PATH */
 				if (strlen(optarg))
-					bindir = strdup(optarg);
+					bindir = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				else
 					bindir = NULL;
 				break;
 			case 17:
-				dlpath = strdup(optarg);
+				dlpath = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 18:
-				split_to_stringlist(strdup(optarg), ", ", &extraroles);
+				split_to_stringlist(pg_strdup(optarg), ", ", &extraroles);
 				break;
 			case 19:
 				add_stringlist_item(&temp_configs, optarg);
@@ -2123,13 +2123,13 @@ regression_main(int argc, char *argv[], init_function ifunc, test_function tfunc
 				use_existing = true;
 				break;
 			case 21:
-				launcher = strdup(optarg);
+				launcher = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			case 22:
 				add_stringlist_item(&loadextension, optarg);
 				break;
 			case 24:
-				config_auth_datadir = pstrdup(optarg);
+				config_auth_datadir = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */