Most data-corruption reports mention the location of the problem, but
this one failed to.  Add it.

Backpatch all the way back.  In 12 and older, also assign the
ERRCODE_DATA_CORRUPTED error code as was done in commit fd6ec93b for
13 and later.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202108191637.oqyzrdtnheir@alvherre.pgsql