Visual Studio 2015 and later versions should still be able to do the same
as Visual Studio 2012, but the declaration of locale_name is missing in
_locale_t, causing the code compilation to fail, hence this falls back
instead on to enumerating all system locales by using EnumSystemLocalesEx
to find the required locale name.  If the input argument is in Unix-style
then we can get ISO Locale name directly by using GetLocaleInfoEx() with
LCType as LOCALE_SNAME.

In passing, change the documentation references of the now obsolete links.

Note that this problem occurs only with NLS enabled builds.

Author: Juan José Santamaría Flecha, Davinder Singh and Amit Kapila
Reviewed-by: Ranier Vilela and Amit Kapila
Backpatch-through: 9.5
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHzhFSFoJEWezR96um4-rg5W6m2Rj9Ud2CNZvV4NWc9tXV7aXQ@mail.gmail.com