walsender.c 32.1 KB
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * walsender.c
 *
 * The WAL sender process (walsender) is new as of Postgres 9.0. It takes
 * care of sending XLOG from the primary server to a single recipient.
 * (Note that there can be more than one walsender process concurrently.)
 * It is started by the postmaster when the walreceiver of a standby server
 * connects to the primary server and requests XLOG streaming replication.
 * It attempts to keep reading XLOG records from the disk and sending them
 * to the standby server, as long as the connection is alive (i.e., like
 * any backend, there is a one-to-one relationship between a connection
 * and a walsender process).
 *
 * Normal termination is by SIGTERM, which instructs the walsender to
 * close the connection and exit(0) at next convenient moment. Emergency
 * termination is by SIGQUIT; like any backend, the walsender will simply
 * abort and exit on SIGQUIT. A close of the connection and a FATAL error
 * are treated as not a crash but approximately normal termination;
 * the walsender will exit quickly without sending any more XLOG records.
 *
 * If the server is shut down, postmaster sends us SIGUSR2 after all
 * regular backends have exited and the shutdown checkpoint has been written.
 * This instruct walsender to send any outstanding WAL, including the
 * shutdown checkpoint record, and then exit.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 2010-2011, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  src/backend/replication/walsender.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "funcapi.h"
#include "access/xlog_internal.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "libpq/libpq.h"
#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
#include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "replication/basebackup.h"
#include "replication/replnodes.h"
#include "replication/walprotocol.h"
#include "replication/walsender.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/ipc.h"
#include "storage/pmsignal.h"
#include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/ps_status.h"
#include "utils/resowner.h"


/* Array of WalSnds in shared memory */
WalSndCtlData *WalSndCtl = NULL;

/* My slot in the shared memory array */
static WalSnd *MyWalSnd = NULL;

/* Global state */
bool		am_walsender = false;		/* Am I a walsender process ? */

/* User-settable parameters for walsender */
int			max_wal_senders = 0;	/* the maximum number of concurrent walsenders */
int			WalSndDelay = 200;	/* max sleep time between some actions */

/*
 * These variables are used similarly to openLogFile/Id/Seg/Off,
 * but for walsender to read the XLOG.
 */
static int	sendFile = -1;
static uint32 sendId = 0;
static uint32 sendSeg = 0;
static uint32 sendOff = 0;

/*
 * How far have we sent WAL already? This is also advertised in
 * MyWalSnd->sentPtr.  (Actually, this is the next WAL location to send.)
 */
static XLogRecPtr sentPtr = {0, 0};

/* Flags set by signal handlers for later service in main loop */
static volatile sig_atomic_t got_SIGHUP = false;
volatile sig_atomic_t walsender_shutdown_requested = false;
volatile sig_atomic_t walsender_ready_to_stop = false;

/* Signal handlers */
static void WalSndSigHupHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS);
static void WalSndShutdownHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS);
static void WalSndQuickDieHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS);
static void WalSndXLogSendHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS);
static void WalSndLastCycleHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS);

/* Prototypes for private functions */
static bool HandleReplicationCommand(const char *cmd_string);
static int	WalSndLoop(void);
static void InitWalSnd(void);
static void WalSndHandshake(void);
static void WalSndKill(int code, Datum arg);
static bool XLogSend(char *msgbuf, bool *caughtup);
static void CheckClosedConnection(void);
static void IdentifySystem(void);
static void StartReplication(StartReplicationCmd * cmd);


/* Main entry point for walsender process */
int
WalSenderMain(void)
{
	MemoryContext walsnd_context;

	if (RecoveryInProgress())
		ereport(FATAL,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_CONNECT_NOW),
				 errmsg("recovery is still in progress, can't accept WAL streaming connections")));

	/* Create a per-walsender data structure in shared memory */
	InitWalSnd();

	/*
	 * Create a memory context that we will do all our work in.  We do this so
	 * that we can reset the context during error recovery and thereby avoid
	 * possible memory leaks.  Formerly this code just ran in
	 * TopMemoryContext, but resetting that would be a really bad idea.
	 *
	 * XXX: we don't actually attempt error recovery in walsender, we just
	 * close the connection and exit.
	 */
	walsnd_context = AllocSetContextCreate(TopMemoryContext,
										   "Wal Sender",
										   ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MINSIZE,
										   ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_INITSIZE,
										   ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE);
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(walsnd_context);

	/* Set up resource owner */
	CurrentResourceOwner = ResourceOwnerCreate(NULL, "walsender top-level resource owner");

	/* Unblock signals (they were blocked when the postmaster forked us) */
	PG_SETMASK(&UnBlockSig);

	/* Tell the standby that walsender is ready for receiving commands */
	ReadyForQuery(DestRemote);

	/* Handle handshake messages before streaming */
	WalSndHandshake();

	/* Initialize shared memory status */
	{
		/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
		volatile WalSnd *walsnd = MyWalSnd;

		SpinLockAcquire(&walsnd->mutex);
		walsnd->sentPtr = sentPtr;
		SpinLockRelease(&walsnd->mutex);
	}

	/* Main loop of walsender */
	return WalSndLoop();
}

/*
 * Execute commands from walreceiver, until we enter streaming mode.
 */
static void
WalSndHandshake(void)
{
	StringInfoData input_message;
	bool		replication_started = false;

	initStringInfo(&input_message);

	while (!replication_started)
	{
		int			firstchar;

		WalSndSetState(WALSNDSTATE_STARTUP);
		set_ps_display("idle", false);

		/* Wait for a command to arrive */
		firstchar = pq_getbyte();

		/*
		 * Emergency bailout if postmaster has died.  This is to avoid the
		 * necessity for manual cleanup of all postmaster children.
		 */
		if (!PostmasterIsAlive(true))
			exit(1);

		/*
		 * Check for any other interesting events that happened while we
		 * slept.
		 */
		if (got_SIGHUP)
		{
			got_SIGHUP = false;
			ProcessConfigFile(PGC_SIGHUP);
		}

		if (firstchar != EOF)
		{
			/*
			 * Read the message contents. This is expected to be done without
			 * blocking because we've been able to get message type code.
			 */
			if (pq_getmessage(&input_message, 0))
				firstchar = EOF;	/* suitable message already logged */
		}

		/* Handle the very limited subset of commands expected in this phase */
		switch (firstchar)
		{
			case 'Q':			/* Query message */
				{
					const char *query_string;

					query_string = pq_getmsgstring(&input_message);
					pq_getmsgend(&input_message);

					if (HandleReplicationCommand(query_string))
						replication_started = true;
				}
				break;

			case 'X':
				/* standby is closing the connection */
				proc_exit(0);

			case EOF:
				/* standby disconnected unexpectedly */
				ereport(COMMERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
						 errmsg("unexpected EOF on standby connection")));
				proc_exit(0);

			default:
				ereport(FATAL,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
						 errmsg("invalid standby handshake message type %d", firstchar)));
		}
	}
}

/*
 * IDENTIFY_SYSTEM
 */
static void
IdentifySystem(void)
{
	StringInfoData buf;
	char		sysid[32];
	char		tli[11];
	char		xpos[MAXFNAMELEN];
	XLogRecPtr	logptr;

	/*
	 * Reply with a result set with one row, three columns. First col is system
	 * ID, second is timeline ID, and third is current xlog location.
	 */

	snprintf(sysid, sizeof(sysid), UINT64_FORMAT,
			 GetSystemIdentifier());
	snprintf(tli, sizeof(tli), "%u", ThisTimeLineID);

	logptr = GetInsertRecPtr();

	snprintf(xpos, sizeof(xpos), "%X/%X",
			 logptr.xlogid, logptr.xrecoff);

	/* Send a RowDescription message */
	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'T');
	pq_sendint(&buf, 3, 2);		/* 3 fields */

	/* first field */
	pq_sendstring(&buf, "systemid");	/* col name */
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 4);		/* table oid */
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 2);		/* attnum */
	pq_sendint(&buf, TEXTOID, 4);		/* type oid */
	pq_sendint(&buf, -1, 2);	/* typlen */
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 4);		/* typmod */
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 2);		/* format code */

	/* second field */
	pq_sendstring(&buf, "timeline");	/* col name */
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 4);		/* table oid */
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 2);		/* attnum */
	pq_sendint(&buf, INT4OID, 4);		/* type oid */
	pq_sendint(&buf, 4, 2);		/* typlen */
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 4);		/* typmod */
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 2);		/* format code */

	/* third field */
	pq_sendstring(&buf, "xlogpos");
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 4);
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 2);
	pq_sendint(&buf, TEXTOID, 4);
	pq_sendint(&buf, -1, 2);
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 4);
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 2);
	pq_endmessage(&buf);

	/* Send a DataRow message */
	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'D');
	pq_sendint(&buf, 3, 2);		/* # of columns */
	pq_sendint(&buf, strlen(sysid), 4); /* col1 len */
	pq_sendbytes(&buf, (char *) &sysid, strlen(sysid));
	pq_sendint(&buf, strlen(tli), 4);	/* col2 len */
	pq_sendbytes(&buf, (char *) tli, strlen(tli));
	pq_sendint(&buf, strlen(xpos), 4);	/* col3 len */
	pq_sendbytes(&buf, (char *) xpos, strlen(xpos));

	pq_endmessage(&buf);

	/* Send CommandComplete and ReadyForQuery messages */
	EndCommand("SELECT", DestRemote);
	ReadyForQuery(DestRemote);
	/* ReadyForQuery did pq_flush for us */
}

/*
 * START_REPLICATION
 */
static void
StartReplication(StartReplicationCmd * cmd)
{
	StringInfoData buf;

	/*
	 * Let postmaster know that we're streaming. Once we've declared us as
	 * a WAL sender process, postmaster will let us outlive the bgwriter and
	 * kill us last in the shutdown sequence, so we get a chance to stream
	 * all remaining WAL at shutdown, including the shutdown checkpoint.
	 * Note that there's no going back, and we mustn't write any WAL records
	 * after this.
	 */
	MarkPostmasterChildWalSender();

	/*
	 * Check that we're logging enough information in the WAL for
	 * log-shipping.
	 *
	 * NOTE: This only checks the current value of wal_level. Even if the
	 * current setting is not 'minimal', there can be old WAL in the pg_xlog
	 * directory that was created with 'minimal'. So this is not bulletproof,
	 * the purpose is just to give a user-friendly error message that hints
	 * how to configure the system correctly.
	 */
	if (wal_level == WAL_LEVEL_MINIMAL)
		ereport(FATAL,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_CONNECT_NOW),
		errmsg("standby connections not allowed because wal_level=minimal")));

	/* Send a CopyBothResponse message, and start streaming */
	pq_beginmessage(&buf, 'W');
	pq_sendbyte(&buf, 0);
	pq_sendint(&buf, 0, 2);
	pq_endmessage(&buf);
	pq_flush();

	/*
	 * Initialize position to the received one, then the xlog records begin to
	 * be shipped from that position
	 */
	sentPtr = cmd->startpoint;
}

/*
 * Execute an incoming replication command.
 */
static bool
HandleReplicationCommand(const char *cmd_string)
{
	bool		replication_started = false;
	int			parse_rc;
	Node	   *cmd_node;
	MemoryContext cmd_context;
	MemoryContext old_context;

	elog(DEBUG1, "received replication command: %s", cmd_string);

	cmd_context = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
										"Replication command context",
										ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MINSIZE,
										ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_INITSIZE,
										ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE);
	old_context = MemoryContextSwitchTo(cmd_context);

	replication_scanner_init(cmd_string);
	parse_rc = replication_yyparse();
	if (parse_rc != 0)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				 (errmsg_internal("replication command parser returned %d",
								  parse_rc))));

	cmd_node = replication_parse_result;

	switch (cmd_node->type)
	{
		case T_IdentifySystemCmd:
			IdentifySystem();
			break;

		case T_StartReplicationCmd:
			StartReplication((StartReplicationCmd *) cmd_node);

			/* break out of the loop */
			replication_started = true;
			break;

		case T_BaseBackupCmd:
			SendBaseBackup((BaseBackupCmd *) cmd_node);

			/* Send CommandComplete and ReadyForQuery messages */
			EndCommand("SELECT", DestRemote);
			ReadyForQuery(DestRemote);
			/* ReadyForQuery did pq_flush for us */
			break;

		default:
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
					 errmsg("invalid standby query string: %s", cmd_string)));
	}

	/* done */
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_context);
	MemoryContextDelete(cmd_context);

	return replication_started;
}

/*
 * Check if the remote end has closed the connection.
 */
static void
CheckClosedConnection(void)
{
	unsigned char firstchar;
	int			r;

	r = pq_getbyte_if_available(&firstchar);
	if (r < 0)
	{
		/* unexpected error or EOF */
		ereport(COMMERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
				 errmsg("unexpected EOF on standby connection")));
		proc_exit(0);
	}
	if (r == 0)
	{
		/* no data available without blocking */
		return;
	}

	/* Handle the very limited subset of commands expected in this phase */
	switch (firstchar)
	{
			/*
			 * 'X' means that the standby is closing down the socket.
			 */
		case 'X':
			proc_exit(0);

		default:
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
					 errmsg("invalid standby closing message type %d",
							firstchar)));
	}
}

/* Main loop of walsender process */
static int
WalSndLoop(void)
{
	char	   *output_message;
	bool		caughtup = false;

	/*
	 * Allocate buffer that will be used for each output message.  We do this
	 * just once to reduce palloc overhead.  The buffer must be made large
	 * enough for maximum-sized messages.
	 */
	output_message = palloc(1 + sizeof(WalDataMessageHeader) + MAX_SEND_SIZE);

	/* Loop forever, unless we get an error */
	for (;;)
	{
		/*
		 * Emergency bailout if postmaster has died.  This is to avoid the
		 * necessity for manual cleanup of all postmaster children.
		 */
		if (!PostmasterIsAlive(true))
			exit(1);

		/* Process any requests or signals received recently */
		if (got_SIGHUP)
		{
			got_SIGHUP = false;
			ProcessConfigFile(PGC_SIGHUP);
		}

		/*
		 * When SIGUSR2 arrives, we send all outstanding logs up to the
		 * shutdown checkpoint record (i.e., the latest record) and exit.
		 */
		if (walsender_ready_to_stop)
		{
			if (!XLogSend(output_message, &caughtup))
				break;
			if (caughtup)
				walsender_shutdown_requested = true;
		}

		/* Normal exit from the walsender is here */
		if (walsender_shutdown_requested)
		{
			/* Inform the standby that XLOG streaming was done */
			pq_puttextmessage('C', "COPY 0");
			pq_flush();

			proc_exit(0);
		}

		/*
		 * If we had sent all accumulated WAL in last round, nap for the
		 * configured time before retrying.
		 */
		if (caughtup)
		{
			/*
			 * Even if we wrote all the WAL that was available when we started
			 * sending, more might have arrived while we were sending this
			 * batch. We had the latch set while sending, so we have not
			 * received any signals from that time. Let's arm the latch
			 * again, and after that check that we're still up-to-date.
			 */
			ResetLatch(&MyWalSnd->latch);

			if (!XLogSend(output_message, &caughtup))
				break;
			if (caughtup && !got_SIGHUP && !walsender_ready_to_stop && !walsender_shutdown_requested)
			{
				/*
				 * XXX: We don't really need the periodic wakeups anymore,
				 * WaitLatchOrSocket should reliably wake up as soon as
				 * something interesting happens.
				 */

				/* Sleep */
				WaitLatchOrSocket(&MyWalSnd->latch, MyProcPort->sock,
								  WalSndDelay * 1000L);
			}

			/* Check if the connection was closed */
			CheckClosedConnection();
		}
		else
		{
			/* Attempt to send the log once every loop */
			if (!XLogSend(output_message, &caughtup))
				break;
		}

		/* Update our state to indicate if we're behind or not */
		WalSndSetState(caughtup ? WALSNDSTATE_STREAMING : WALSNDSTATE_CATCHUP);
	}

	/*
	 * Get here on send failure.  Clean up and exit.
	 *
	 * Reset whereToSendOutput to prevent ereport from attempting to send any
	 * more messages to the standby.
	 */
	if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
		whereToSendOutput = DestNone;

	proc_exit(0);
	return 1;					/* keep the compiler quiet */
}

/* Initialize a per-walsender data structure for this walsender process */
static void
InitWalSnd(void)
{
	int			i;

	/*
	 * WalSndCtl should be set up already (we inherit this by fork() or
	 * EXEC_BACKEND mechanism from the postmaster).
	 */
	Assert(WalSndCtl != NULL);
	Assert(MyWalSnd == NULL);

	/*
	 * Find a free walsender slot and reserve it. If this fails, we must be
	 * out of WalSnd structures.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
	{
		/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
		volatile WalSnd *walsnd = &WalSndCtl->walsnds[i];

		SpinLockAcquire(&walsnd->mutex);

		if (walsnd->pid != 0)
		{
			SpinLockRelease(&walsnd->mutex);
			continue;
		}
		else
		{
			/*
			 * Found a free slot. Reserve it for us.
			 */
			walsnd->pid = MyProcPid;
			MemSet(&walsnd->sentPtr, 0, sizeof(XLogRecPtr));
			walsnd->state = WALSNDSTATE_STARTUP;
			SpinLockRelease(&walsnd->mutex);
			/* don't need the lock anymore */
			OwnLatch((Latch *) &walsnd->latch);
			MyWalSnd = (WalSnd *) walsnd;

			break;
		}
	}
	if (MyWalSnd == NULL)
		ereport(FATAL,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS),
				 errmsg("number of requested standby connections "
						"exceeds max_wal_senders (currently %d)",
						max_wal_senders)));

	/* Arrange to clean up at walsender exit */
	on_shmem_exit(WalSndKill, 0);
}

/* Destroy the per-walsender data structure for this walsender process */
static void
WalSndKill(int code, Datum arg)
{
	Assert(MyWalSnd != NULL);

	/*
	 * Mark WalSnd struct no longer in use. Assume that no lock is required
	 * for this.
	 */
	MyWalSnd->pid = 0;
	DisownLatch(&MyWalSnd->latch);

	/* WalSnd struct isn't mine anymore */
	MyWalSnd = NULL;
}

/*
 * Read 'nbytes' bytes from WAL into 'buf', starting at location 'recptr'
 *
 * XXX probably this should be improved to suck data directly from the
 * WAL buffers when possible.
 *
 * Will open, and keep open, one WAL segment stored in the global file
 * descriptor sendFile. This means if XLogRead is used once, there will
 * always be one descriptor left open until the process ends, but never
 * more than one.
 */
void
XLogRead(char *buf, XLogRecPtr recptr, Size nbytes)
{
	XLogRecPtr	startRecPtr = recptr;
	char		path[MAXPGPATH];
	uint32		lastRemovedLog;
	uint32		lastRemovedSeg;
	uint32		log;
	uint32		seg;

	while (nbytes > 0)
	{
		uint32		startoff;
		int			segbytes;
		int			readbytes;

		startoff = recptr.xrecoff % XLogSegSize;

		if (sendFile < 0 || !XLByteInSeg(recptr, sendId, sendSeg))
		{
			/* Switch to another logfile segment */
			if (sendFile >= 0)
				close(sendFile);

			XLByteToSeg(recptr, sendId, sendSeg);
			XLogFilePath(path, ThisTimeLineID, sendId, sendSeg);

			sendFile = BasicOpenFile(path, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY, 0);
			if (sendFile < 0)
			{
				/*
				 * If the file is not found, assume it's because the standby
				 * asked for a too old WAL segment that has already been
				 * removed or recycled.
				 */
				if (errno == ENOENT)
				{
					char		filename[MAXFNAMELEN];

					XLogFileName(filename, ThisTimeLineID, sendId, sendSeg);
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode_for_file_access(),
							 errmsg("requested WAL segment %s has already been removed",
									filename)));
				}
				else
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode_for_file_access(),
							 errmsg("could not open file \"%s\" (log file %u, segment %u): %m",
									path, sendId, sendSeg)));
			}
			sendOff = 0;
		}

		/* Need to seek in the file? */
		if (sendOff != startoff)
		{
			if (lseek(sendFile, (off_t) startoff, SEEK_SET) < 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode_for_file_access(),
						 errmsg("could not seek in log file %u, segment %u to offset %u: %m",
								sendId, sendSeg, startoff)));
			sendOff = startoff;
		}

		/* How many bytes are within this segment? */
		if (nbytes > (XLogSegSize - startoff))
			segbytes = XLogSegSize - startoff;
		else
			segbytes = nbytes;

		readbytes = read(sendFile, buf, segbytes);
		if (readbytes <= 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode_for_file_access(),
			errmsg("could not read from log file %u, segment %u, offset %u, "
				   "length %lu: %m",
				   sendId, sendSeg, sendOff, (unsigned long) segbytes)));

		/* Update state for read */
		XLByteAdvance(recptr, readbytes);

		sendOff += readbytes;
		nbytes -= readbytes;
		buf += readbytes;
	}

	/*
	 * After reading into the buffer, check that what we read was valid. We do
	 * this after reading, because even though the segment was present when we
	 * opened it, it might get recycled or removed while we read it. The
	 * read() succeeds in that case, but the data we tried to read might
	 * already have been overwritten with new WAL records.
	 */
	XLogGetLastRemoved(&lastRemovedLog, &lastRemovedSeg);
	XLByteToSeg(startRecPtr, log, seg);
	if (log < lastRemovedLog ||
		(log == lastRemovedLog && seg <= lastRemovedSeg))
	{
		char		filename[MAXFNAMELEN];

		XLogFileName(filename, ThisTimeLineID, log, seg);
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode_for_file_access(),
				 errmsg("requested WAL segment %s has already been removed",
						filename)));
	}
}

/*
 * Read up to MAX_SEND_SIZE bytes of WAL that's been flushed to disk,
 * but not yet sent to the client, and send it.
 *
 * msgbuf is a work area in which the output message is constructed.  It's
 * passed in just so we can avoid re-palloc'ing the buffer on each cycle.
 * It must be of size 1 + sizeof(WalDataMessageHeader) + MAX_SEND_SIZE.
 *
 * If there is no unsent WAL remaining, *caughtup is set to true, otherwise
 * *caughtup is set to false.
 *
 * Returns true if OK, false if trouble.
 */
static bool
XLogSend(char *msgbuf, bool *caughtup)
{
	XLogRecPtr	SendRqstPtr;
	XLogRecPtr	startptr;
	XLogRecPtr	endptr;
	Size		nbytes;
	WalDataMessageHeader msghdr;

	/*
	 * Attempt to send all data that's already been written out and fsync'd to
	 * disk.  We cannot go further than what's been written out given the
	 * current implementation of XLogRead().  And in any case it's unsafe to
	 * send WAL that is not securely down to disk on the master: if the master
	 * subsequently crashes and restarts, slaves must not have applied any WAL
	 * that gets lost on the master.
	 */
	SendRqstPtr = GetFlushRecPtr();

	/* Quick exit if nothing to do */
	if (XLByteLE(SendRqstPtr, sentPtr))
	{
		*caughtup = true;
		return true;
	}

	/*
	 * Figure out how much to send in one message. If there's no more than
	 * MAX_SEND_SIZE bytes to send, send everything. Otherwise send
	 * MAX_SEND_SIZE bytes, but round back to logfile or page boundary.
	 *
	 * The rounding is not only for performance reasons. Walreceiver relies on
	 * the fact that we never split a WAL record across two messages. Since a
	 * long WAL record is split at page boundary into continuation records,
	 * page boundary is always a safe cut-off point. We also assume that
	 * SendRqstPtr never points to the middle of a WAL record.
	 */
	startptr = sentPtr;
	if (startptr.xrecoff >= XLogFileSize)
	{
		/*
		 * crossing a logid boundary, skip the non-existent last log segment
		 * in previous logical log file.
		 */
		startptr.xlogid += 1;
		startptr.xrecoff = 0;
	}

	endptr = startptr;
	XLByteAdvance(endptr, MAX_SEND_SIZE);
	if (endptr.xlogid != startptr.xlogid)
	{
		/* Don't cross a logfile boundary within one message */
		Assert(endptr.xlogid == startptr.xlogid + 1);
		endptr.xlogid = startptr.xlogid;
		endptr.xrecoff = XLogFileSize;
	}

	/* if we went beyond SendRqstPtr, back off */
	if (XLByteLE(SendRqstPtr, endptr))
	{
		endptr = SendRqstPtr;
		*caughtup = true;
	}
	else
	{
		/* round down to page boundary. */
		endptr.xrecoff -= (endptr.xrecoff % XLOG_BLCKSZ);
		*caughtup = false;
	}

	nbytes = endptr.xrecoff - startptr.xrecoff;
	Assert(nbytes <= MAX_SEND_SIZE);

	/*
	 * OK to read and send the slice.
	 */
	msgbuf[0] = 'w';

	/*
	 * Read the log directly into the output buffer to avoid extra memcpy
	 * calls.
	 */
	XLogRead(msgbuf + 1 + sizeof(WalDataMessageHeader), startptr, nbytes);

	/*
	 * We fill the message header last so that the send timestamp is taken as
	 * late as possible.
	 */
	msghdr.dataStart = startptr;
	msghdr.walEnd = SendRqstPtr;
	msghdr.sendTime = GetCurrentTimestamp();

	memcpy(msgbuf + 1, &msghdr, sizeof(WalDataMessageHeader));

	pq_putmessage('d', msgbuf, 1 + sizeof(WalDataMessageHeader) + nbytes);

	/* Flush pending output to the client */
	if (pq_flush())
		return false;

	sentPtr = endptr;

	/* Update shared memory status */
	{
		/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
		volatile WalSnd *walsnd = MyWalSnd;

		SpinLockAcquire(&walsnd->mutex);
		walsnd->sentPtr = sentPtr;
		SpinLockRelease(&walsnd->mutex);
	}

	/* Report progress of XLOG streaming in PS display */
	if (update_process_title)
	{
		char		activitymsg[50];

		snprintf(activitymsg, sizeof(activitymsg), "streaming %X/%X",
				 sentPtr.xlogid, sentPtr.xrecoff);
		set_ps_display(activitymsg, false);
	}

	return true;
}

/* SIGHUP: set flag to re-read config file at next convenient time */
static void
WalSndSigHupHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
	got_SIGHUP = true;
	if (MyWalSnd)
		SetLatch(&MyWalSnd->latch);
}

/* SIGTERM: set flag to shut down */
static void
WalSndShutdownHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
	walsender_shutdown_requested = true;
	if (MyWalSnd)
		SetLatch(&MyWalSnd->latch);
}

/*
 * WalSndQuickDieHandler() occurs when signalled SIGQUIT by the postmaster.
 *
 * Some backend has bought the farm,
 * so we need to stop what we're doing and exit.
 */
static void
WalSndQuickDieHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
	PG_SETMASK(&BlockSig);

	/*
	 * We DO NOT want to run proc_exit() callbacks -- we're here because
	 * shared memory may be corrupted, so we don't want to try to clean up our
	 * transaction.  Just nail the windows shut and get out of town.  Now that
	 * there's an atexit callback to prevent third-party code from breaking
	 * things by calling exit() directly, we have to reset the callbacks
	 * explicitly to make this work as intended.
	 */
	on_exit_reset();

	/*
	 * Note we do exit(2) not exit(0).	This is to force the postmaster into a
	 * system reset cycle if some idiot DBA sends a manual SIGQUIT to a random
	 * backend.  This is necessary precisely because we don't clean up our
	 * shared memory state.  (The "dead man switch" mechanism in pmsignal.c
	 * should ensure the postmaster sees this as a crash, too, but no harm in
	 * being doubly sure.)
	 */
	exit(2);
}

/* SIGUSR1: set flag to send WAL records */
static void
WalSndXLogSendHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
	latch_sigusr1_handler();
}

/* SIGUSR2: set flag to do a last cycle and shut down afterwards */
static void
WalSndLastCycleHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
	walsender_ready_to_stop = true;
	if (MyWalSnd)
		SetLatch(&MyWalSnd->latch);
}

/* Set up signal handlers */
void
WalSndSignals(void)
{
	/* Set up signal handlers */
	pqsignal(SIGHUP, WalSndSigHupHandler);		/* set flag to read config
												 * file */
	pqsignal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);	/* not used */
	pqsignal(SIGTERM, WalSndShutdownHandler);	/* request shutdown */
	pqsignal(SIGQUIT, WalSndQuickDieHandler);	/* hard crash time */
	pqsignal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
	pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
	pqsignal(SIGUSR1, WalSndXLogSendHandler);	/* request WAL sending */
	pqsignal(SIGUSR2, WalSndLastCycleHandler);	/* request a last cycle and
												 * shutdown */

	/* Reset some signals that are accepted by postmaster but not here */
	pqsignal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
	pqsignal(SIGTTIN, SIG_DFL);
	pqsignal(SIGTTOU, SIG_DFL);
	pqsignal(SIGCONT, SIG_DFL);
	pqsignal(SIGWINCH, SIG_DFL);
}

/* Report shared-memory space needed by WalSndShmemInit */
Size
WalSndShmemSize(void)
{
	Size		size = 0;

	size = offsetof(WalSndCtlData, walsnds);
	size = add_size(size, mul_size(max_wal_senders, sizeof(WalSnd)));

	return size;
}

/* Allocate and initialize walsender-related shared memory */
void
WalSndShmemInit(void)
{
	bool		found;
	int			i;

	WalSndCtl = (WalSndCtlData *)
		ShmemInitStruct("Wal Sender Ctl", WalSndShmemSize(), &found);

	if (!found)
	{
		/* First time through, so initialize */
		MemSet(WalSndCtl, 0, WalSndShmemSize());

		for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
		{
			WalSnd	   *walsnd = &WalSndCtl->walsnds[i];

			SpinLockInit(&walsnd->mutex);
			InitSharedLatch(&walsnd->latch);
		}
	}
}

/* Wake up all walsenders */
void
WalSndWakeup(void)
{
	int		i;

	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
		SetLatch(&WalSndCtl->walsnds[i].latch);
}

/* Set state for current walsender (only called in walsender) */
void
WalSndSetState(WalSndState state)
{
	/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
	volatile WalSnd *walsnd = MyWalSnd;

	Assert(am_walsender);

	if (walsnd->state == state)
		return;

	SpinLockAcquire(&walsnd->mutex);
	walsnd->state = state;
	SpinLockRelease(&walsnd->mutex);
}

/*
 * Return a string constant representing the state. This is used
 * in system views, and should *not* be translated.
 */
static const char *
WalSndGetStateString(WalSndState state)
{
	switch (state)
	{
		case WALSNDSTATE_STARTUP:
			return "STARTUP";
		case WALSNDSTATE_BACKUP:
			return "BACKUP";
		case WALSNDSTATE_CATCHUP:
			return "CATCHUP";
		case WALSNDSTATE_STREAMING:
			return "STREAMING";
	}
	return "UNKNOWN";
}


/*
 * Returns activity of walsenders, including pids and xlog locations sent to
 * standby servers.
 */
Datum
pg_stat_get_wal_senders(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
#define PG_STAT_GET_WAL_SENDERS_COLS 	3
	ReturnSetInfo	   *rsinfo = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;
	TupleDesc			tupdesc;
	Tuplestorestate	   *tupstore;
	MemoryContext		per_query_ctx;
	MemoryContext		oldcontext;
	int					i;

	/* check to see if caller supports us returning a tuplestore */
	if (rsinfo == NULL || !IsA(rsinfo, ReturnSetInfo))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
				 errmsg("set-valued function called in context that cannot accept a set")));
	if (!(rsinfo->allowedModes & SFRM_Materialize))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
				 errmsg("materialize mode required, but it is not " \
						"allowed in this context")));

	/* Build a tuple descriptor for our result type */
	if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
		elog(ERROR, "return type must be a row type");

	per_query_ctx = rsinfo->econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory;
	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(per_query_ctx);

	tupstore = tuplestore_begin_heap(true, false, work_mem);
	rsinfo->returnMode = SFRM_Materialize;
	rsinfo->setResult = tupstore;
	rsinfo->setDesc = tupdesc;

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);

	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
	{
		/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
		volatile WalSnd *walsnd = &WalSndCtl->walsnds[i];
		char		sent_location[MAXFNAMELEN];
		XLogRecPtr	sentPtr;
		WalSndState	state;
		Datum		values[PG_STAT_GET_WAL_SENDERS_COLS];
		bool		nulls[PG_STAT_GET_WAL_SENDERS_COLS];

		if (walsnd->pid == 0)
			continue;

		SpinLockAcquire(&walsnd->mutex);
		sentPtr = walsnd->sentPtr;
		state = walsnd->state;
		SpinLockRelease(&walsnd->mutex);

		snprintf(sent_location, sizeof(sent_location), "%X/%X",
					sentPtr.xlogid, sentPtr.xrecoff);

		memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls));
		values[0] = Int32GetDatum(walsnd->pid);
		if (!superuser())
		{
			/*
			 * Only superusers can see details. Other users only get
			 * the pid value to know it's a walsender, but no details.
			 */
			nulls[1] = true;
			nulls[2] = true;
		}
		else
		{
			values[1] = CStringGetTextDatum(WalSndGetStateString(state));
			values[2] = CStringGetTextDatum(sent_location);
		}

		tuplestore_putvalues(tupstore, tupdesc, values, nulls);
	}

	/* clean up and return the tuplestore */
	tuplestore_donestoring(tupstore);

	return (Datum) 0;
}

/*
 * This isn't currently used for anything. Monitoring tools might be
 * interested in the future, and we'll need something like this in the
 * future for synchronous replication.
 */
#ifdef NOT_USED
/*
 * Returns the oldest Send position among walsenders. Or InvalidXLogRecPtr
 * if none.
 */
XLogRecPtr
GetOldestWALSendPointer(void)
{
	XLogRecPtr	oldest = {0, 0};
	int			i;
	bool		found = false;

	for (i = 0; i < max_wal_senders; i++)
	{
		/* use volatile pointer to prevent code rearrangement */
		volatile WalSnd *walsnd = &WalSndCtl->walsnds[i];
		XLogRecPtr	recptr;

		if (walsnd->pid == 0)
			continue;

		SpinLockAcquire(&walsnd->mutex);
		recptr = walsnd->sentPtr;
		SpinLockRelease(&walsnd->mutex);

		if (recptr.xlogid == 0 && recptr.xrecoff == 0)
			continue;

		if (!found || XLByteLT(recptr, oldest))
			oldest = recptr;
		found = true;
	}
	return oldest;
}

#endif