This provides the features that used to exist in useful_strerror()
for users of strerror_r(), too.  Also, standardize on the GNU convention
that strerror_r returns a char pointer that may not be NULL.

I notice that libpq's win32.c contains a variant version of strerror_r
that probably ought to be folded into strerror.c.  But lacking a
Windows environment, I should leave that to somebody else.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2975.1526862605@sss.pgh.pa.us