Remove assorted external references from psqlscan.l in preparation for
making it usable by other frontend programs.  This mostly involves
getting rid of direct calls to psql_error() and GetVariable() in favor
of introducing a callback-functions struct to encapsulate variable
fetching and error printing.  In addition, pass the current encoding
and standard-strings status as additional parameters to psql_scan_setup
instead of looking directly at "pset" or calling additional functions.

I did not bother to change some references to psql_error that are in
functions that will soon migrate to a psql-specific backslash-command
lexer.  Other than that, this version of psqlscan.l is capable of
compiling standalone.  It still depends on assorted src/common functions
as well as some encoding-related libpq functions, but we expect that
all programs using it will be happy with those dependencies.

Kyotaro Horiguchi, somewhat editorialized on by me