pg_ctl promote -m fast will skip the checkpoint at end of recovery so that we
can achieve very fast failover when the apply delay is low. Write new WAL record
XLOG_END_OF_RECOVERY to allow us to switch timeline correctly for downstream log
readers. If we skip synchronous end of recovery checkpoint we request a normal
spread checkpoint so that the window of re-recovery is low.

Simon Riggs and Kyotaro Horiguchi, with input from Fujii Masao.
Review by Heikki Linnakangas

Give away ownership of shared objects (databases, tablespaces) along
with local objects, per original code intention.  Try to make the
documentation clearer, too.

Per discussion about DROP OWNED's brokenness, in bug #7748.

This is not backpatched because it'd require some refactoring of the
ALTER/SET OWNER code for databases and tablespaces.

My "fix" for bugs #7578 and #6116 on DROP OWNED at fe3b5eb0 not only
misstated that it applied to REASSIGN OWNED (which it did not affect),
but it also failed to fix the problems fully, because I didn't test the
case of owned shared objects.  Thus I created a new bug, reported by
Thomas Kellerer as #7748, which would cause DROP OWNED to fail with a
not-for-user-consumption error message.  The code would attempt to drop
the database, which not only fails to work because the underlying code
does not support that, but is a pretty dangerous and undesirable thing
to be doing as well.

This patch fixes that bug by having DROP OWNED only attempt to process
shared objects when grants on them are found, ignoring ownership.

Backpatch to 8.3, which is as far as the previous bug was backpatched.

If a PL/Python function raises an SPIError (or one if its subclasses)
directly with python's raise statement, treat it the same as an SPIError
generated internally. In particular, if the user sets the sqlstate
attribute, preserve that.

Oskari Saarenmaa and Jan Urbański, reviewed by Karl O. Pinc.

Bug reported and fixed by Chen Huajun <chenhj@cn.fujitsu.com>.

The SQL standard does not have general functions-in-FROM, but it does
allow UNNEST() there (see the <collection derived table> production),
and the semantics of that are defined to include lateral references.
So spec compliance requires allowing lateral references within UNNEST()
even without an explicit LATERAL keyword.  Rather than making UNNEST()
a special case, it seems best to extend this flexibility to any
function-in-FROM.  We'll still allow LATERAL to be written explicitly
for clarity's sake, but it's now a noise word in this context.

In theory this change could result in a change in behavior of existing
queries, by allowing what had been an outer reference in a function-in-FROM
to be captured by an earlier FROM-item at the same level.  However, all
pre-9.3 PG releases have a bug that causes them to match variable
references to earlier FROM-items in preference to outer references (and
then throw an error).  So no previously-working query could contain the
type of ambiguity that would risk a change of behavior.

Per a suggestion from Andrew Gierth, though I didn't use his patch.

DROP IF EXISTS with a missing schema in commit
7e2322df applies not only to tables, but
to DROP IF EXISTS with missing schemas for indexes, views, sequences,
and foreign tables.  Yeah!

Also, commit 7e2322df affected DROP
TABLE IF EXISTS, not CREATE TABLE IF EXISTS.

Previously non-honored FREEZE mode was ignored.  This also issues an
appropriate error message based on the cause of the failure, per
suggestion from Tom.  Additional regression test case added.

Previously, CREATE TABLE IF EXIST threw an error if the schema was
nonexistent.  This was done by passing 'missing_ok' to the function that
looks up the schema oid.

0e93959a

Revert patch that modified doc index mentions of search_path

Per Peter E.

plpython tried to use a single cache entry for a trigger function, but it
needs a separate cache entry for each table the trigger is applied to,
because there is table-dependent data in there.  This was done correctly
before 9.1, but commit 46211da1 broke it
by simplifying the lookup key from "function OID and triggered table OID"
to "function OID and is-trigger boolean".  Go back to using both OIDs
as the lookup key.  Per bug report from Sandro Santilli.

Andres Freund

per Tianyin Xu

In the initial implementation of plan caching, we saved the active
search_path when a plan was first cached, then reinstalled that path
anytime we needed to reparse or replan.  The idea of that was to try to
reselect the same referenced objects, in somewhat the same way that views
continue to refer to the same objects in the face of schema or name
changes.  Of course, that analogy doesn't bear close inspection, since
holding the search_path fixed doesn't cope with object drops or renames.
Moreover sticking with the old path seems to create more surprises than
it avoids.  So instead of doing that, consider that the cached plan depends
on search_path, and force reparse/replan if the active search_path is
different than it was when we last saved the plan.

This gets us fairly close to having "transparency" of plan caching, in the
sense that the cached statement acts the same as if you'd just resubmitted
the original query text for another execution.  There are still some corner
cases where this fails though: a new object added in the search path
schema(s) might capture a reference in the query text, but we'd not realize
that and force a reparse.  We might try to fix that in the future, but for
the moment it looks too expensive and complicated.

Backpatch to 9.2

per Tom Lane

per Tom Lane

Karl O. Pinc

Along the way, add a missing line to the help message.

Phil Sorber, reviewed by Fujii Masao

Backpatch to 9.2.

Patch from Alan B

Jon Erdman, reviewed by Phil Sorber and Stephen Frost.

Backpatch to 9.2

Shigeru HANADA

When descending the tree for an insert, and there are multiple equally good
pages we could insert to, make the choice in random. Previously, we would
always choose the tuple with lowest offset number. That meant that when two
non-leaf pages overlap - in the extreme case they might have exactly the same
key - all but the first such page went unused. That wasn't optimal for space
usage; if you deleted some tuples from the non-first pages, the space would
never be reused.

With this patch, the other pages are sometimes chosen too, although there's
still a heavy bias towards low-offset tuples, so that we don't lose cache
locality when doing a lot of inserts with similar keys.

Original idea by Alexander Korotkov, although this patch version was written
by me and copy-edited by Tom Lane.

Noted by Joe Van Dyk

Previously, the VARIADIC labeling was effectively ignored, but now these
functions act as though the array elements had all been given as separate
arguments.

Pavel Stehule

From Jeff Davis, modified by Kevin Grittner

Backpatch to 9.2.

Patch from Kohei KaiGai

Since 9.0, the count parameter has only limited the number of tuples
actually returned by the executor.  It doesn't affect the behavior of
INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE unless RETURNING is specified, because without
RETURNING, the ModifyTable plan node doesn't return control to execMain.c
for each tuple.  And we only check the limit at the top level.

While this behavioral change was unintentional at the time, discussion of
bug #6572 led us to the conclusion that we prefer the new behavior anyway,
and so we should just adjust the docs to match rather than change the code.
Accordingly, do that.  Back-patch as far as 9.0 so that the docs match the
code in each branch.

This ensures that mapping of non-ascii prompts
to the correct code page occurs.

Bug report and original patch from Alexander Law,
reviewed and reworked by Noah Misch.

Backpatch to all live branches.

If the postmaster.pid lock file exists, try starting/stopping the
cluster to check if the lock file is valid.

Per request from Tom.

Tuples marked SELECT FOR UPDATE in a cluster that's later processed by
pg_upgrade would have a different infomask bit pattern than those
produced by 9.3dev; that bit pattern was being seen as "dead" by HEAD
(because they would fail the "is this tuple locked" test, and so the
visibility rules would thing they're updated, even though there's no
HEAP_UPDATED version of them).  In other words, some rows could silently
disappear after pg_upgrade.

With this new definition, those tuples become visible again.

This is breakage resulting from my commit 0ac5ad51.

This makes 9.3 -> 9.3 upgrades work when they cross the commit that
added persistent multixacts; early 9.3 pg_controldata did not have the
required oldestMultiXact line, and so would fail to upgrade.

per Bruce Momjian

The machinery around XLOG_HEAP2_CLEANUP_INFO failed
to correctly pass through the necessary information
on latestRemovedXid, avoiding cancellations in some
infrequent concurrent update/cleanup scenarios.

Backpatchable fix to 9.0

Detailed bug report and fix by Noah Misch,
backpatchable version by me.

When pg_upgrade can't find required pg_controldata information, report
_which_ cluster is failing, with this message:

	The %s cluster lacks some required control information:

Backpatch to 9.2, like the previous fix.

Not an acronym.

Jeff Janes

When we eliminated "unnecessary" wakeups of the syslogger process, we
broke size-based logfile rotation on Windows, because on that platform
data transfer is done in a separate thread.  While non-Windows platforms
would recheck the output file size after every log message, Windows only
did so when the control thread woke up for some other reason, which might
be quite infrequent.  Per bug #7814 from Tsunezumi.  Back-patch to 9.2
where the problem was introduced.

Jeff Janes

The lack of them is causing failures in some BF members.

Per Andrew Dunstan.

Per discussion with Phil Sorber.