postgres_fdw: Perform the (ORDERED, NULL) upperrel operations remotely.

The upper-planner pathification allows FDWs to arrange to push down
different types of upper-stage operations to the remote side.  This
commit teaches postgres_fdw to do it for the (ORDERED, NULL) upperrel,
which is responsible for evaluating the query's ORDER BY ordering.
Since postgres_fdw is already able to evaluate that ordering remotely
for foreign baserels and foreign joinrels (see commit aa09cd24 et al.),
this adds support for that for foreign grouping relations.

Author: Etsuro Fujita
Reviewed-By: Antonin Houska and Jeff Janes
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87pnz1aby9.fsf@news-spur.riddles.org.uk

contrib/postgres_fdw/deparse.c

@@ -167,7 +167,8 @@ static void printRemotePlaceholder(Oid paramtype, int32 paramtypmod,
 static void deparseSelectSql(List *tlist, bool is_subquery, List **retrieved_attrs,
 				 deparse_expr_cxt *context);
 static void deparseLockingClause(deparse_expr_cxt *context);
-static void appendOrderByClause(List *pathkeys, deparse_expr_cxt *context);
+static void appendOrderByClause(List *pathkeys, bool has_final_sort,
+					deparse_expr_cxt *context);
 static void appendConditions(List *exprs, deparse_expr_cxt *context);
 static void deparseFromExprForRel(StringInfo buf, PlannerInfo *root,
 					  RelOptInfo *foreignrel, bool use_alias,
@@ -929,8 +930,8 @@ build_tlist_to_deparse(RelOptInfo *foreignrel)
 void
 deparseSelectStmtForRel(StringInfo buf, PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
 						List *tlist, List *remote_conds, List *pathkeys,
-						bool is_subquery, List **retrieved_attrs,
-						List **params_list)
+						bool has_final_sort, bool is_subquery,
+						List **retrieved_attrs, List **params_list)
 {
 	deparse_expr_cxt context;
 	PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) rel->fdw_private;
@@ -985,7 +986,7 @@ deparseSelectStmtForRel(StringInfo buf, PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel,
 
 	/* Add ORDER BY clause if we found any useful pathkeys */
 	if (pathkeys)
-		appendOrderByClause(pathkeys, &context);
+		appendOrderByClause(pathkeys, has_final_sort, &context);
 
 	/* Add any necessary FOR UPDATE/SHARE. */
 	deparseLockingClause(&context);
@@ -1590,7 +1591,7 @@ deparseRangeTblRef(StringInfo buf, PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *foreignrel,
 		/* Deparse the subquery representing the relation. */
 		appendStringInfoChar(buf, '(');
 		deparseSelectStmtForRel(buf, root, foreignrel, NIL,
-								fpinfo->remote_conds, NIL, true,
+								fpinfo->remote_conds, NIL, false, true,
 								&retrieved_attrs, params_list);
 		appendStringInfoChar(buf, ')');
 
@@ -3109,7 +3110,8 @@ appendGroupByClause(List *tlist, deparse_expr_cxt *context)
  * base relation are obtained and deparsed.
  */
 static void
-appendOrderByClause(List *pathkeys, deparse_expr_cxt *context)
+appendOrderByClause(List *pathkeys, bool has_final_sort,
+					deparse_expr_cxt *context)
 {
 	ListCell   *lcell;
 	int			nestlevel;
@@ -3126,7 +3128,19 @@ appendOrderByClause(List *pathkeys, deparse_expr_cxt *context)
 		PathKey    *pathkey = lfirst(lcell);
 		Expr	   *em_expr;
 
+		if (has_final_sort)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * By construction, context->foreignrel is the input relation to
+			 * the final sort.
+			 */
+			em_expr = find_em_expr_for_input_target(context->root,
+													pathkey->pk_eclass,
+													context->foreignrel->reltarget);
+		}
+		else
 			em_expr = find_em_expr_for_rel(pathkey->pk_eclass, baserel);
+
 		Assert(em_expr != NULL);
 
 		appendStringInfoString(buf, delim);

contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.h

@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ typedef struct PgFdwRelationInfo
 	/* Bitmap of attr numbers we need to fetch from the remote server. */
 	Bitmapset  *attrs_used;
 
+	/* True means that the query_pathkeys is safe to push down */
+	bool		qp_is_pushdown_safe;
+
 	/* Cost and selectivity of local_conds. */
 	QualCost	local_conds_cost;
 	Selectivity local_conds_sel;
@@ -92,6 +95,9 @@ typedef struct PgFdwRelationInfo
 	/* joinclauses contains only JOIN/ON conditions for an outer join */
 	List	   *joinclauses;	/* List of RestrictInfo */
 
+	/* Upper relation information */
+	UpperRelationKind stage;
+
 	/* Grouping information */
 	List	   *grouped_tlist;
 
@@ -175,10 +181,14 @@ extern void deparseAnalyzeSql(StringInfo buf, Relation rel,
 				  List **retrieved_attrs);
 extern void deparseStringLiteral(StringInfo buf, const char *val);
 extern Expr *find_em_expr_for_rel(EquivalenceClass *ec, RelOptInfo *rel);
+extern Expr *find_em_expr_for_input_target(PlannerInfo *root,
+							  EquivalenceClass *ec,
+							  PathTarget *target);
 extern List *build_tlist_to_deparse(RelOptInfo *foreignrel);
 extern void deparseSelectStmtForRel(StringInfo buf, PlannerInfo *root,
 						RelOptInfo *foreignrel, List *tlist,
-						List *remote_conds, List *pathkeys, bool is_subquery,
+						List *remote_conds, List *pathkeys,
+						bool has_final_sort, bool is_subquery,
 						List **retrieved_attrs, List **params_list);
 extern const char *get_jointype_name(JoinType jointype);