In locate_grouping_columns(), don't expect an exact match of Var typmods.

It's possible that inlining of SQL functions (or perhaps other changes?)
has exposed typmod information not known at parse time.  In such cases,
Vars generated by query_planner might have valid typmod values while the
original grouping columns only have typmod -1.  This isn't a semantic
problem since the behavior of grouping only depends on type not typmod,
but it breaks locate_grouping_columns' use of tlist_member to locate the
matching entry in query_planner's result tlist.

We can fix this without an excessive amount of new code or complexity by
relying on the fact that locate_grouping_columns only gets called when
make_subplanTargetList has set need_tlist_eval == false, and that can only
happen if all the grouping columns are simple Vars.  Therefore we only need
to search the sub_tlist for a matching Var, and we can reasonably define a
"match" as being a match of the Var identity fields
varno/varattno/varlevelsup.  The code still Asserts that vartype matches,
but ignores vartypmod.

Per bug #8393 from Evan Martin.  The added regression test case is
basically the same as his example.  This has been broken for a very long
time, so back-patch to all supported branches.

src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c

@@ -2964,7 +2964,8 @@ choose_hashed_distinct(PlannerInfo *root,
  * 'groupColIdx' receives an array of column numbers for the GROUP BY
  *			expressions (if there are any) in the returned target list.
  * 'need_tlist_eval' is set true if we really need to evaluate the
- *			returned tlist as-is.
+ *			returned tlist as-is.  (Note: locate_grouping_columns assumes
+ *			that if this is FALSE, all grouping columns are simple Vars.)
  *
  * The result is the targetlist to be passed to query_planner.
  */
@@ -3127,6 +3128,7 @@ get_grouping_column_index(Query *parse, TargetEntry *tle)
  * This is only needed if we don't use the sub_tlist chosen by
  * make_subplanTargetList.	We have to forget the column indexes found
  * by that routine and re-locate the grouping exprs in the real sub_tlist.
+ * We assume the grouping exprs are just Vars (see make_subplanTargetList).
  */
 static void
 locate_grouping_columns(PlannerInfo *root,
@@ -3150,11 +3152,24 @@ locate_grouping_columns(PlannerInfo *root,
 	foreach(gl, root->parse->groupClause)
 	{
 		SortGroupClause *grpcl = (SortGroupClause *) lfirst(gl);
-		Node	   *groupexpr = get_sortgroupclause_expr(grpcl, tlist);
-		TargetEntry *te = tlist_member(groupexpr, sub_tlist);
+		Var		   *groupexpr = (Var *) get_sortgroupclause_expr(grpcl, tlist);
+		TargetEntry *te;
 
+		/*
+		 * The grouping column returned by create_plan might not have the same
+		 * typmod as the original Var.	(This can happen in cases where a
+		 * set-returning function has been inlined, so that we now have more
+		 * knowledge about what it returns than we did when the original Var
+		 * was created.)  So we can't use tlist_member() to search the tlist;
+		 * instead use tlist_member_match_var.	For safety, still check that
+		 * the vartype matches.
+		 */
+		if (!(groupexpr && IsA(groupexpr, Var)))
+			elog(ERROR, "grouping column is not a Var as expected");
+		te = tlist_member_match_var(groupexpr, sub_tlist);
 		if (!te)
 			elog(ERROR, "failed to locate grouping columns");
+		Assert(((Var *) te->expr)->vartype == groupexpr->vartype);
 		groupColIdx[keyno++] = te->resno;
 	}
 }

src/backend/optimizer/util/tlist.c

@@ -71,6 +71,35 @@ tlist_member_ignore_relabel(Node *node, List *targetlist)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+/*
+ * tlist_member_match_var
+ *	  Same as above, except that we match the provided Var on the basis
+ *	  of varno/varattno/varlevelsup only, rather than using full equal().
+ *
+ * This is needed in some cases where we can't be sure of an exact typmod
+ * match.  It's probably a good idea to check the vartype anyway, but
+ * we leave it to the caller to apply any suitable sanity checks.
+ */
+TargetEntry *
+tlist_member_match_var(Var *var, List *targetlist)
+{
+	ListCell   *temp;
+
+	foreach(temp, targetlist)
+	{
+		TargetEntry *tlentry = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(temp);
+		Var		   *tlvar = (Var *) tlentry->expr;
+
+		if (!tlvar || !IsA(tlvar, Var))
+			continue;
+		if (var->varno == tlvar->varno &&
+			var->varattno == tlvar->varattno &&
+			var->varlevelsup == tlvar->varlevelsup)
+			return tlentry;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 /*
  * flatten_tlist
  *	  Create a target list that only contains unique variables.

src/include/optimizer/tlist.h

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 extern TargetEntry *tlist_member(Node *node, List *targetlist);
 extern TargetEntry *tlist_member_ignore_relabel(Node *node, List *targetlist);
+extern TargetEntry *tlist_member_match_var(Var *var, List *targetlist);
 
 extern List *flatten_tlist(List *tlist, PVCAggregateBehavior aggbehavior,
 			  PVCPlaceHolderBehavior phbehavior);

src/test/regress/expected/rangefuncs.out

@@ -1247,6 +1247,17 @@ SELECT * FROM foo(3);
 (9 rows)
 
 DROP FUNCTION foo(int);
+-- case that causes change of typmod knowledge during inlining
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foo()
+RETURNS TABLE(a varchar(5))
+AS $$ SELECT 'hello'::varchar(5) $$ LANGUAGE sql STABLE;
+SELECT * FROM foo() GROUP BY 1;
+   a   
+-------
+ hello
+(1 row)
+
+DROP FUNCTION foo();
 --
 -- some tests on SQL functions with RETURNING
 --

src/test/regress/sql/rangefuncs.sql

@@ -330,6 +330,13 @@ AS $$ SELECT a, b
 SELECT * FROM foo(3);
 DROP FUNCTION foo(int);
 
+-- case that causes change of typmod knowledge during inlining
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foo()
+RETURNS TABLE(a varchar(5))
+AS $$ SELECT 'hello'::varchar(5) $$ LANGUAGE sql STABLE;
+SELECT * FROM foo() GROUP BY 1;
+DROP FUNCTION foo();
+
 --
 -- some tests on SQL functions with RETURNING
 --