Clean up Perl code according to perlcritic

Fix all perlcritic warnings of severity level 5, except in
src/backend/utils/Gen_dummy_probes.pl, which is automatically generated.
Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>

contrib/intarray/bench/create_test.pl

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ create table message_section_map (
 
 EOT
 
-open(MSG, ">message.tmp")             || die;
-open(MAP, ">message_section_map.tmp") || die;
+open(my $msg, '>', "message.tmp")             || die;
+open(my $map, '>', "message_section_map.tmp") || die;
 
 srand(1);
 
@@ -42,16 +42,16 @@ foreach my $i (1 .. 200000)
 	}
 	if ($#sect < 0 || rand() < 0.1)
 	{
-		print MSG "$i\t\\N\n";
+		print $msg "$i\t\\N\n";
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		print MSG "$i\t{" . join(',', @sect) . "}\n";
-		map { print MAP "$i\t$_\n" } @sect;
+		print $msg "$i\t{" . join(',', @sect) . "}\n";
+		map { print $map "$i\t$_\n" } @sect;
 	}
 }
-close MAP;
-close MSG;
+close $map;
+close $msg;
 
 copytable('message');
 copytable('message_section_map');
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ sub copytable
 	my $t = shift;
 
 	print "COPY $t from stdin;\n";
-	open(FFF, "$t.tmp") || die;
-	while (<FFF>) { print; }
-	close FFF;
+	open(my $fff, '<', "$t.tmp") || die;
+	while (<$fff>) { print; }
+	close $fff;
 	print "\\.\n";
 }

doc/src/sgml/generate-errcodes-table.pl

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use strict;
 print
   "<!-- autogenerated from src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt, do not edit -->\n";
 
-open my $errcodes, $ARGV[0] or die;
+open my $errcodes, '<', $ARGV[0] or die;
 
 while (<$errcodes>)
 {

doc/src/sgml/mk_feature_tables.pl

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ use strict;
 
 my $yesno = $ARGV[0];
 
-open PACK, $ARGV[1] or die;
+open my $pack, '<', $ARGV[1] or die;
 
 my %feature_packages;
 
-while (<PACK>)
+while (<$pack>)
 {
 	chomp;
 	my ($fid, $pname) = split /\t/;
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ while (<PACK>)
 	}
 }
 
-close PACK;
+close $pack;
 
-open FEAT, $ARGV[2] or die;
+open my $feat, '<', $ARGV[2] or die;
 
 print "<tbody>\n";
 
-while (<FEAT>)
+while (<$feat>)
 {
 	chomp;
 	my ($feature_id,      $feature_name, $subfeature_id,
@@ -69,4 +69,4 @@ while (<FEAT>)
 
 print "</tbody>\n";
 
-close FEAT;
+close $feat;

src/backend/catalog/Catalog.pm

@@ -44,13 +44,13 @@ sub Catalogs
 		$catalog{columns} = [];
 		$catalog{data}    = [];
 
-		open(INPUT_FILE, '<', $input_file) || die "$input_file: $!";
+		open(my $ifh, '<', $input_file) || die "$input_file: $!";
 
 		my ($filename) = ($input_file =~ m/(\w+)\.h$/);
 		my $natts_pat = "Natts_$filename";
 
 		# Scan the input file.
-		while (<INPUT_FILE>)
+		while (<$ifh>)
 		{
 
 			# Strip C-style comments.
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ sub Catalogs
 			{
 
 				# handle multi-line comments properly.
-				my $next_line = <INPUT_FILE>;
+				my $next_line = <$ifh>;
 				die "$input_file: ends within C-style comment\n"
 				  if !defined $next_line;
 				$_ .= $next_line;
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ sub Catalogs
 			}
 		}
 		$catalogs{$catname} = \%catalog;
-		close INPUT_FILE;
+		close $ifh;
 	}
 	return \%catalogs;
 }

src/backend/catalog/genbki.pl

@@ -66,16 +66,16 @@ if ($output_path ne '' && substr($output_path, -1) ne '/')
 # Open temp files
 my $tmpext  = ".tmp$$";
 my $bkifile = $output_path . 'postgres.bki';
-open BKI, '>', $bkifile . $tmpext
+open my $bki, '>', $bkifile . $tmpext
   or die "can't open $bkifile$tmpext: $!";
 my $schemafile = $output_path . 'schemapg.h';
-open SCHEMAPG, '>', $schemafile . $tmpext
+open my $schemapg, '>', $schemafile . $tmpext
   or die "can't open $schemafile$tmpext: $!";
 my $descrfile = $output_path . 'postgres.description';
-open DESCR, '>', $descrfile . $tmpext
+open my $descr, '>', $descrfile . $tmpext
   or die "can't open $descrfile$tmpext: $!";
 my $shdescrfile = $output_path . 'postgres.shdescription';
-open SHDESCR, '>', $shdescrfile . $tmpext
+open my $shdescr, '>', $shdescrfile . $tmpext
   or die "can't open $shdescrfile$tmpext: $!";
 
 # Fetch some special data that we will substitute into the output file.
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ my $catalogs = Catalog::Catalogs(@input_files);
 # Generate postgres.bki, postgres.description, and postgres.shdescription
 
 # version marker for .bki file
-print BKI "# PostgreSQL $major_version\n";
+print $bki "# PostgreSQL $major_version\n";
 
 # vars to hold data needed for schemapg.h
 my %schemapg_entries;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ foreach my $catname (@{ $catalogs->{names} })
 
 	# .bki CREATE command for this catalog
 	my $catalog = $catalogs->{$catname};
-	print BKI "create $catname $catalog->{relation_oid}"
+	print $bki "create $catname $catalog->{relation_oid}"
 	  . $catalog->{shared_relation}
 	  . $catalog->{bootstrap}
 	  . $catalog->{without_oids}
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ foreach my $catname (@{ $catalogs->{names} })
 	my @attnames;
 	my $first = 1;
 
-	print BKI " (\n";
+	print $bki " (\n";
 	foreach my $column (@{ $catalog->{columns} })
 	{
 		my $attname = $column->{name};
@@ -130,27 +130,27 @@ foreach my $catname (@{ $catalogs->{names} })
 
 		if (!$first)
 		{
-			print BKI " ,\n";
+			print $bki " ,\n";
 		}
 		$first = 0;
 
-		print BKI " $attname = $atttype";
+		print $bki " $attname = $atttype";
 
 		if (defined $column->{forcenotnull})
 		{
-			print BKI " FORCE NOT NULL";
+			print $bki " FORCE NOT NULL";
 		}
 		elsif (defined $column->{forcenull})
 		{
-			print BKI " FORCE NULL";
+			print $bki " FORCE NULL";
 		}
 	}
-	print BKI "\n )\n";
+	print $bki "\n )\n";
 
    # open it, unless bootstrap case (create bootstrap does this automatically)
 	if ($catalog->{bootstrap} eq '')
 	{
-		print BKI "open $catname\n";
+		print $bki "open $catname\n";
 	}
 
 	if (defined $catalog->{data})
@@ -175,17 +175,17 @@ foreach my $catname (@{ $catalogs->{names} })
 
 			# Write to postgres.bki
 			my $oid = $row->{oid} ? "OID = $row->{oid} " : '';
-			printf BKI "insert %s( %s)\n", $oid, $row->{bki_values};
+			printf $bki "insert %s( %s)\n", $oid, $row->{bki_values};
 
 		   # Write comments to postgres.description and postgres.shdescription
 			if (defined $row->{descr})
 			{
-				printf DESCR "%s\t%s\t0\t%s\n", $row->{oid}, $catname,
+				printf $descr "%s\t%s\t0\t%s\n", $row->{oid}, $catname,
 				  $row->{descr};
 			}
 			if (defined $row->{shdescr})
 			{
-				printf SHDESCR "%s\t%s\t%s\n", $row->{oid}, $catname,
+				printf $shdescr "%s\t%s\t%s\n", $row->{oid}, $catname,
 				  $row->{shdescr};
 			}
 		}
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ foreach my $catname (@{ $catalogs->{names} })
 		}
 	}
 
-	print BKI "close $catname\n";
+	print $bki "close $catname\n";
 }
 
 # Any information needed for the BKI that is not contained in a pg_*.h header
@@ -276,19 +276,19 @@ foreach my $catname (@{ $catalogs->{names} })
 # Write out declare toast/index statements
 foreach my $declaration (@{ $catalogs->{toasting}->{data} })
 {
-	print BKI $declaration;
+	print $bki $declaration;
 }
 
 foreach my $declaration (@{ $catalogs->{indexing}->{data} })
 {
-	print BKI $declaration;
+	print $bki $declaration;
 }
 
 
 # Now generate schemapg.h
 
 # Opening boilerplate for schemapg.h
-print SCHEMAPG <<EOM;
+print $schemapg <<EOM;
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
  * schemapg.h
@@ -313,19 +313,19 @@ EOM
 # Emit schemapg declarations
 foreach my $table_name (@tables_needing_macros)
 {
-	print SCHEMAPG "\n#define Schema_$table_name \\\n";
-	print SCHEMAPG join ", \\\n", @{ $schemapg_entries{$table_name} };
-	print SCHEMAPG "\n";
+	print $schemapg "\n#define Schema_$table_name \\\n";
+	print $schemapg join ", \\\n", @{ $schemapg_entries{$table_name} };
+	print $schemapg "\n";
 }
 
 # Closing boilerplate for schemapg.h
-print SCHEMAPG "\n#endif /* SCHEMAPG_H */\n";
+print $schemapg "\n#endif /* SCHEMAPG_H */\n";
 
 # We're done emitting data
-close BKI;
-close SCHEMAPG;
-close DESCR;
-close SHDESCR;
+close $bki;
+close $schemapg;
+close $descr;
+close $shdescr;
 
 # Finally, rename the completed files into place.
 Catalog::RenameTempFile($bkifile,     $tmpext);
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ sub bki_insert
 	my @attnames   = @_;
 	my $oid        = $row->{oid} ? "OID = $row->{oid} " : '';
 	my $bki_values = join ' ', map $row->{$_}, @attnames;
-	printf BKI "insert %s( %s)\n", $oid, $bki_values;
+	printf $bki "insert %s( %s)\n", $oid, $bki_values;
 }
 
 # The field values of a Schema_pg_xxx declaration are similar, but not
@@ -472,15 +472,15 @@ sub find_defined_symbol
 		}
 		my $file = $path . $catalog_header;
 		next if !-f $file;
-		open(FIND_DEFINED_SYMBOL, '<', $file) || die "$file: $!";
-		while (<FIND_DEFINED_SYMBOL>)
+		open(my $find_defined_symbol, '<', $file) || die "$file: $!";
+		while (<$find_defined_symbol>)
 		{
 			if (/^#define\s+\Q$symbol\E\s+(\S+)/)
 			{
 				return $1;
 			}
 		}
-		close FIND_DEFINED_SYMBOL;
+		close $find_defined_symbol;
 		die "$file: no definition found for $symbol\n";
 	}
 	die "$catalog_header: not found in any include directory\n";

src/backend/parser/check_keywords.pl

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ my $kwlist_filename = $ARGV[1];
 
 my $errors = 0;
 
-sub error(@)
+sub error
 {
 	print STDERR @_;
 	$errors = 1;
@@ -29,18 +29,18 @@ $keyword_categories{'col_name_keyword'}       = 'COL_NAME_KEYWORD';
 $keyword_categories{'type_func_name_keyword'} = 'TYPE_FUNC_NAME_KEYWORD';
 $keyword_categories{'reserved_keyword'}       = 'RESERVED_KEYWORD';
 
-open(GRAM, $gram_filename) || die("Could not open : $gram_filename");
+open(my $gram, '<', $gram_filename) || die("Could not open : $gram_filename");
 
-my ($S, $s, $k, $n, $kcat);
+my $kcat;
 my $comment;
 my @arr;
 my %keywords;
 
-line: while (<GRAM>)
+line: while (my $S = <$gram>)
 {
-	chomp;    # strip record separator
+	chomp $S;    # strip record separator
 
-	$S = $_;
+	my $s;
 
 	# Make sure any braces are split
 	$s = '{', $S =~ s/$s/ { /g;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ line: while (<GRAM>)
 	{
 
 		# Is this the beginning of a keyword list?
-		foreach $k (keys %keyword_categories)
+		foreach my $k (keys %keyword_categories)
 		{
 			if ($S =~ m/^($k):/)
 			{
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ line: while (<GRAM>)
 	}
 
 	# Now split the line into individual fields
-	$n = (@arr = split(' ', $S));
+	my $n = (@arr = split(' ', $S));
 
 	# Ok, we're in a keyword list. Go through each field in turn
 	for (my $fieldIndexer = 0; $fieldIndexer < $n; $fieldIndexer++)
@@ -109,15 +109,15 @@ line: while (<GRAM>)
 		push @{ $keywords{$kcat} }, $arr[$fieldIndexer];
 	}
 }
-close GRAM;
+close $gram;
 
 # Check that each keyword list is in alphabetical order (just for neatnik-ism)
-my ($prevkword, $kword, $bare_kword);
-foreach $kcat (keys %keyword_categories)
+my ($prevkword, $bare_kword);
+foreach my $kcat (keys %keyword_categories)
 {
 	$prevkword = '';
 
-	foreach $kword (@{ $keywords{$kcat} })
+	foreach my $kword (@{ $keywords{$kcat} })
 	{
 
 		# Some keyword have a _P suffix. Remove it for the comparison.
@@ -149,12 +149,12 @@ while (my ($kcat, $kcat_id) = each(%keyword_categories))
 
 # Now read in kwlist.h
 
-open(KWLIST, $kwlist_filename) || die("Could not open : $kwlist_filename");
+open(my $kwlist, '<', $kwlist_filename) || die("Could not open : $kwlist_filename");
 
 my $prevkwstring = '';
 my $bare_kwname;
 my %kwhash;
-kwlist_line: while (<KWLIST>)
+kwlist_line: while (<$kwlist>)
 {
 	my ($line) = $_;
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ kwlist_line: while (<KWLIST>)
 		}
 	}
 }
-close KWLIST;
+close $kwlist;
 
 # Check that we've paired up all keywords from gram.y with lines in kwlist.h
 while (my ($kwcat, $kwcat_id) = each(%keyword_categories))

src/backend/storage/lmgr/generate-lwlocknames.pl

@@ -9,21 +9,21 @@ use strict;
 my $lastlockidx = -1;
 my $continue    = "\n";
 
-open my $lwlocknames, $ARGV[0] or die;
+open my $lwlocknames, '<', $ARGV[0] or die;
 
 # Include PID in suffix in case parallel make runs this multiple times.
 my $htmp = "lwlocknames.h.tmp$$";
 my $ctmp = "lwlocknames.c.tmp$$";
-open H, '>', $htmp or die "Could not open $htmp: $!";
-open C, '>', $ctmp or die "Could not open $ctmp: $!";
+open my $h, '>', $htmp or die "Could not open $htmp: $!";
+open my $c, '>', $ctmp or die "Could not open $ctmp: $!";
 
 my $autogen =
 "/* autogenerated from src/backend/storage/lmgr/lwlocknames.txt, do not edit */\n";
-print H $autogen;
-print H "/* there is deliberately not an #ifndef LWLOCKNAMES_H here */\n\n";
-print C $autogen, "\n";
+print $h $autogen;
+print $h "/* there is deliberately not an #ifndef LWLOCKNAMES_H here */\n\n";
+print $c $autogen, "\n";
 
-print C "char *MainLWLockNames[] = {";
+print $c "char *MainLWLockNames[] = {";
 
 while (<$lwlocknames>)
 {
@@ -44,22 +44,22 @@ while (<$lwlocknames>)
 	while ($lastlockidx < $lockidx - 1)
 	{
 		++$lastlockidx;
-		printf C "%s	\"<unassigned:%d>\"", $continue, $lastlockidx;
+		printf $c "%s	\"<unassigned:%d>\"", $continue, $lastlockidx;
 		$continue = ",\n";
 	}
-	printf C "%s	\"%s\"", $continue, $lockname;
+	printf $c "%s	\"%s\"", $continue, $lockname;
 	$lastlockidx = $lockidx;
 	$continue    = ",\n";
 
-	print H "#define $lockname (&MainLWLockArray[$lockidx].lock)\n";
+	print $h "#define $lockname (&MainLWLockArray[$lockidx].lock)\n";
 }
 
-printf C "\n};\n";
-print H "\n";
-printf H "#define NUM_INDIVIDUAL_LWLOCKS		%s\n", $lastlockidx + 1;
+printf $c "\n};\n";
+print $h "\n";
+printf $h "#define NUM_INDIVIDUAL_LWLOCKS		%s\n", $lastlockidx + 1;
 
-close H;
-close C;
+close $h;
+close $c;
 
 rename($htmp, 'lwlocknames.h') || die "rename: $htmp: $!";
 rename($ctmp, 'lwlocknames.c') || die "rename: $ctmp: $!";

src/backend/utils/Gen_fmgrtab.pl

@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ my $oidsfile = $output_path . 'fmgroids.h';
 my $protosfile = $output_path . 'fmgrprotos.h';
 my $tabfile  = $output_path . 'fmgrtab.c';
 
-open H, '>', $oidsfile . $tmpext or die "Could not open $oidsfile$tmpext: $!";
-open P, '>', $protosfile . $tmpext or die "Could not open $protosfile$tmpext: $!";
-open T, '>', $tabfile . $tmpext  or die "Could not open $tabfile$tmpext: $!";
+open my $ofh, '>', $oidsfile . $tmpext or die "Could not open $oidsfile$tmpext: $!";
+open my $pfh, '>', $protosfile . $tmpext or die "Could not open $protosfile$tmpext: $!";
+open my $tfh, '>', $tabfile . $tmpext  or die "Could not open $tabfile$tmpext: $!";
 
-print H
+print $ofh
 qq|/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
  * fmgroids.h
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ qq|/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 |;
 
-print P
+print $pfh
 qq|/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
  * fmgrprotos.h
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ qq|/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 |;
 
-print T
+print $tfh
 qq|/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
  * fmgrtab.c
@@ -193,26 +193,26 @@ foreach my $s (sort { $a->{oid} <=> $b->{oid} } @fmgr)
 {
 	next if $seenit{ $s->{prosrc} };
 	$seenit{ $s->{prosrc} } = 1;
-	print H "#define F_" . uc $s->{prosrc} . " $s->{oid}\n";
-	print P "extern Datum $s->{prosrc}(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);\n";
+	print $ofh "#define F_" . uc $s->{prosrc} . " $s->{oid}\n";
+	print $pfh "extern Datum $s->{prosrc}(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);\n";
 }
 
 # Create the fmgr_builtins table
-print T "\nconst FmgrBuiltin fmgr_builtins[] = {\n";
+print $tfh "\nconst FmgrBuiltin fmgr_builtins[] = {\n";
 my %bmap;
 $bmap{'t'} = 'true';
 $bmap{'f'} = 'false';
 foreach my $s (sort { $a->{oid} <=> $b->{oid} } @fmgr)
 {
-	print T
+	print $tfh
 "  { $s->{oid}, \"$s->{prosrc}\", $s->{nargs}, $bmap{$s->{strict}}, $bmap{$s->{retset}}, $s->{prosrc} },\n";
 }
 
 # And add the file footers.
-print H "\n#endif /* FMGROIDS_H */\n";
-print P "\n#endif /* FMGRPROTOS_H */\n";
+print $ofh "\n#endif /* FMGROIDS_H */\n";
+print $pfh "\n#endif /* FMGRPROTOS_H */\n";
 
-print T
+print $tfh
 qq|  /* dummy entry is easier than getting rid of comma after last real one */
   /* (not that there has ever been anything wrong with *having* a
      comma after the last field in an array initializer) */
@@ -223,9 +223,9 @@ qq|  /* dummy entry is easier than getting rid of comma after last real one */
 const int fmgr_nbuiltins = (sizeof(fmgr_builtins) / sizeof(FmgrBuiltin)) - 1;
 |;
 
-close(H);
-close(P);
-close(T);
+close($ofh);
+close($pfh);
+close($tfh);
 
 # Finally, rename the completed files into place.
 Catalog::RenameTempFile($oidsfile, $tmpext);

src/backend/utils/generate-errcodes.pl

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ print
   "/* autogenerated from src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt, do not edit */\n";
 print "/* there is deliberately not an #ifndef ERRCODES_H here */\n";
 
-open my $errcodes, $ARGV[0] or die;
+open my $errcodes, '<', $ARGV[0] or die;
 
 while (<$errcodes>)
 {

src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl

@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ $node->command_fails(['pg_basebackup'],
 
 # Some Windows ANSI code pages may reject this filename, in which case we
 # quietly proceed without this bit of test coverage.
-if (open BADCHARS, ">>$tempdir/pgdata/FOO\xe0\xe0\xe0BAR")
+if (open my $badchars, '>>', "$tempdir/pgdata/FOO\xe0\xe0\xe0BAR")
 {
-	print BADCHARS "test backup of file with non-UTF8 name\n";
-	close BADCHARS;
+	print $badchars "test backup of file with non-UTF8 name\n";
+	close $badchars;
 }
 
 $node->set_replication_conf();
@@ -45,19 +45,19 @@ $node->command_fails(
 
 ok(-d "$tempdir/backup", 'backup directory was created and left behind');
 
-open CONF, ">>$pgdata/postgresql.conf";
-print CONF "max_replication_slots = 10\n";
-print CONF "max_wal_senders = 10\n";
-print CONF "wal_level = replica\n";
-close CONF;
+open my $conf, '>>', "$pgdata/postgresql.conf";
+print $conf "max_replication_slots = 10\n";
+print $conf "max_wal_senders = 10\n";
+print $conf "wal_level = replica\n";
+close $conf;
 $node->restart;
 
 # Write some files to test that they are not copied.
 foreach my $filename (qw(backup_label tablespace_map postgresql.auto.conf.tmp current_logfiles.tmp))
 {
-	open FILE, ">>$pgdata/$filename";
-	print FILE "DONOTCOPY";
-	close FILE;
+	open my $file, '>>', "$pgdata/$filename";
+	print $file "DONOTCOPY";
+	close $file;
 }
 
 $node->command_ok([ 'pg_basebackup', '-D', "$tempdir/backup", '-X', 'none' ],
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ $node->command_fails(
 my $superlongname = "superlongname_" . ("x" x 100);
 my $superlongpath = "$pgdata/$superlongname";
 
-open FILE, ">$superlongpath" or die "unable to create file $superlongpath";
-close FILE;
+open my $file, '>', "$superlongpath" or die "unable to create file $superlongpath";
+close $file;
 $node->command_fails(
 	[ 'pg_basebackup', '-D', "$tempdir/tarbackup_l1", '-Ft' ],
 	'pg_basebackup tar with long name fails');

src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl

@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ command_ok([ 'pg_ctl', 'initdb', '-D', "$tempdir/data", '-o', '-N' ],
 	'pg_ctl initdb');
 command_ok([ $ENV{PG_REGRESS}, '--config-auth', "$tempdir/data" ],
 	'configure authentication');
-open CONF, ">>$tempdir/data/postgresql.conf";
-print CONF "fsync = off\n";
-if (!$windows_os)
+open my $conf, '>>', "$tempdir/data/postgresql.conf";
+print $conf "fsync = off\n";
+if (! $windows_os)
 {
-	print CONF "listen_addresses = ''\n";
-	print CONF "unix_socket_directories = '$tempdir_short'\n";
+	print $conf "listen_addresses = ''\n";
+	print $conf "unix_socket_directories = '$tempdir_short'\n";
 }
 else
 {
-	print CONF "listen_addresses = '127.0.0.1'\n";
+	print $conf "listen_addresses = '127.0.0.1'\n";
 }
-close CONF;
+close $conf;
 command_ok([ 'pg_ctl', 'start', '-D', "$tempdir/data" ],
 	'pg_ctl start');
 

src/bin/psql/create_help.pl

@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ $define =~ s/\W/_/g;
 
 opendir(DIR, $docdir)
   or die "$0: could not open documentation source dir '$docdir': $!\n";
-open(HFILE, ">$hfile")
+open(my $hfile_handle, '>', $hfile)
   or die "$0: could not open output file '$hfile': $!\n";
-open(CFILE, ">$cfile")
+open(my $cfile_handle, '>', $cfile)
   or die "$0: could not open output file '$cfile': $!\n";
 
-print HFILE "/*
+print $hfile_handle "/*
  * *** Do not change this file by hand. It is automatically
  * *** generated from the DocBook documentation.
  *
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ struct _helpStruct
 extern const struct _helpStruct QL_HELP[];
 ";
 
-print CFILE "/*
+print $cfile_handle "/*
  * *** Do not change this file by hand. It is automatically
  * *** generated from the DocBook documentation.
  *
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ foreach my $file (sort readdir DIR)
 	my (@cmdnames, $cmddesc, $cmdsynopsis);
 	$file =~ /\.sgml$/ or next;
 
-	open(FILE, "$docdir/$file") or next;
-	my $filecontent = join('', <FILE>);
-	close FILE;
+	open(my $fh, '<', "$docdir/$file") or next;
+	my $filecontent = join('', <$fh>);
+	close $fh;
 
 	# Ignore files that are not for SQL language statements
 	$filecontent =~
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ foreach (sort keys %entries)
 	$synopsis =~ s/\\n/\\n"\n$prefix"/g;
 	my @args =
 	  ("buf", $synopsis, map("_(\"$_\")", @{ $entries{$_}{params} }));
-	print CFILE "static void
+	print $cfile_handle "static void
 sql_help_$id(PQExpBuffer buf)
 {
 \tappendPQExpBuffer(" . join(",\n$prefix", @args) . ");
@@ -180,14 +180,14 @@ sql_help_$id(PQExpBuffer buf)
 ";
 }
 
-print CFILE "
+print $cfile_handle "
 const struct _helpStruct QL_HELP[] = {
 ";
 foreach (sort keys %entries)
 {
 	my $id = $_;
 	$id =~ s/ /_/g;
-	print CFILE "    { \"$_\",
+	print $cfile_handle "    { \"$_\",
       N_(\"$entries{$_}{cmddesc}\"),
       sql_help_$id,
       $entries{$_}{nl_count} },
@@ -195,12 +195,12 @@ foreach (sort keys %entries)
 ";
 }
 
-print CFILE "
+print $cfile_handle "
     { NULL, NULL, NULL }    /* End of list marker */
 };
 ";
 
-print HFILE "
+print $hfile_handle "
 #define QL_HELP_COUNT	"
   . scalar(keys %entries) . "		/* number of help items */
 #define QL_MAX_CMD_LEN	$maxlen		/* largest strlen(cmd) */
@@ -209,6 +209,6 @@ print HFILE "
 #endif /* $define */
 ";
 
-close CFILE;
-close HFILE;
+close $cfile_handle;
+close $hfile_handle;
 closedir DIR;

src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/check_rules.pl

@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ my $comment     = 0;
 my $non_term_id = '';
 my $cc          = 0;
 
-open GRAM, $parser or die $!;
-while (<GRAM>)
+open my $parser_fh, '<', $parser or die $!;
+while (<$parser_fh>)
 {
 	if (/^%%/)
 	{
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ while (<GRAM>)
 	}
 }
 
-close GRAM;
+close $parser_fh;
 if ($verbose)
 {
 	print "$cc rules loaded\n";
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ if ($verbose)
 my $ret = 0;
 $cc = 0;
 
-open ECPG, $filename or die $!;
-while (<ECPG>)
+open my $ecpg_fh, '<', $filename or die $!;
+while (<$ecpg_fh>)
 {
 	if (!/^ECPG:/)
 	{
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ while (<ECPG>)
 		$ret = 1;
 	}
 }
-close ECPG;
+close $ecpg_fh;
 
 if ($verbose)
 {

src/interfaces/libpq/test/regress.pl

@@ -14,19 +14,19 @@ my $expected_out = "$srcdir/$subdir/expected.out";
 my $regress_out = "regress.out";
 
 # open input file first, so possible error isn't sent to redirected STDERR
-open(REGRESS_IN, "<", $regress_in)
+open(my $regress_in_fh, "<", $regress_in)
   or die "can't open $regress_in for reading: $!";
 
 # save STDOUT/ERR and redirect both to regress.out
-open(OLDOUT, ">&", \*STDOUT) or die "can't dup STDOUT: $!";
-open(OLDERR, ">&", \*STDERR) or die "can't dup STDERR: $!";
+open(my $oldout_fh, ">&", \*STDOUT) or die "can't dup STDOUT: $!";
+open(my $olderr_fh, ">&", \*STDERR) or die "can't dup STDERR: $!";
 
 open(STDOUT, ">", $regress_out)
   or die "can't open $regress_out for writing: $!";
 open(STDERR, ">&", \*STDOUT) or die "can't dup STDOUT: $!";
 
 # read lines from regress.in and run uri-regress on them
-while (<REGRESS_IN>)
+while (<$regress_in_fh>)
 {
 	chomp;
 	print "trying $_\n";
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ while (<REGRESS_IN>)
 }
 
 # restore STDOUT/ERR so we can print the outcome to the user
-open(STDERR, ">&", \*OLDERR) or die; # can't complain as STDERR is still duped
-open(STDOUT, ">&", \*OLDOUT) or die "can't restore STDOUT: $!";
+open(STDERR, ">&", $olderr_fh) or die; # can't complain as STDERR is still duped
+open(STDOUT, ">&", $oldout_fh) or die "can't restore STDOUT: $!";
 
 # just in case
-close REGRESS_IN;
+close $regress_in_fh;
 
 my $diff_status = system(
 	"diff -c \"$srcdir/$subdir/expected.out\" regress.out >regress.diff");

src/pl/plperl/plc_perlboot.pl

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ sub ::encode_array_constructor
 
 {
 
-	package PostgreSQL::InServer;
+	package PostgreSQL::InServer;  ## no critic (RequireFilenameMatchesPackage);
 	use strict;
 	use warnings;
 
@@ -86,11 +86,13 @@ sub ::encode_array_constructor
 
 	sub mkfunc
 	{
+		## no critic (ProhibitNoStrict, ProhibitStringyEval);
 		no strict;      # default to no strict for the eval
 		no warnings;    # default to no warnings for the eval
 		my $ret = eval(mkfuncsrc(@_));
 		$@ =~ s/\(eval \d+\) //g if $@;
 		return $ret;
+		## use critic
 	}
 
 	1;

src/pl/plperl/plc_trusted.pl

 #  src/pl/plperl/plc_trusted.pl
 
-package PostgreSQL::InServer::safe;
+package PostgreSQL::InServer::safe;  ## no critic (RequireFilenameMatchesPackage);
 
 # Load widely useful pragmas into plperl to make them available.
 #

src/pl/plperl/text2macro.pl

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ for my $src_file (@ARGV)
 
 	(my $macro = $src_file) =~ s/ .*? (\w+) (?:\.\w+) $/$1/x;
 
-	open my $src_fh, $src_file    # not 3-arg form
+	open my $src_fh, '<', $src_file
 	  or die "Can't open $src_file: $!";
 
 	printf qq{#define %s%s \\\n},
@@ -80,19 +80,19 @@ sub selftest
 	my $tmp    = "text2macro_tmp";
 	my $string = q{a '' '\\'' "" "\\"" "\\\\" "\\\\n" b};
 
-	open my $fh, ">$tmp.pl" or die;
+	open my $fh, '>', "$tmp.pl" or die;
 	print $fh $string;
 	close $fh;
 
 	system("perl $0 --name=X $tmp.pl > $tmp.c") == 0 or die;
-	open $fh, ">>$tmp.c";
+	open $fh, '>>', "$tmp.c";
 	print $fh "#include <stdio.h>\n";
 	print $fh "int main() { puts(X); return 0; }\n";
 	close $fh;
 	system("cat -n $tmp.c");
 
 	system("make $tmp") == 0 or die;
-	open $fh, "./$tmp |" or die;
+	open $fh, '<', "./$tmp |" or die;
 	my $result = <$fh>;
 	unlink <$tmp.*>;
 

src/pl/plpgsql/src/generate-plerrcodes.pl

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ print
   "/* autogenerated from src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt, do not edit */\n";
 print "/* there is deliberately not an #ifndef PLERRCODES_H here */\n";
 
-open my $errcodes, $ARGV[0] or die;
+open my $errcodes, '<', $ARGV[0] or die;
 
 while (<$errcodes>)
 {

src/pl/plpython/generate-spiexceptions.pl

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ print
   "/* autogenerated from src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt, do not edit */\n";
 print "/* there is deliberately not an #ifndef SPIEXCEPTIONS_H here */\n";
 
-open my $errcodes, $ARGV[0] or die;
+open my $errcodes, '<', $ARGV[0] or die;
 
 while (<$errcodes>)
 {

src/pl/tcl/generate-pltclerrcodes.pl

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ print
   "/* autogenerated from src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt, do not edit */\n";
 print "/* there is deliberately not an #ifndef PLTCLERRCODES_H here */\n";
 
-open my $errcodes, $ARGV[0] or die;
+open my $errcodes, '<', $ARGV[0] or die;
 
 while (<$errcodes>)
 {

src/test/locale/sort-test.pl

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 use strict;
 use locale;
 
-open(INFILE, "<$ARGV[0]");
-chop(my (@words) = <INFILE>);
-close(INFILE);
+open(my $in_fh, '<', $ARGV[0]) || die;
+chop(my (@words) = <$in_fh>);
+close($in_fh);
 
 $" = "\n";
 my (@result) = sort @words;

src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm

@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ sub set_replication_conf
 	$self->host eq $test_pghost
 	  or die "set_replication_conf only works with the default host";
 
-	open my $hba, ">>$pgdata/pg_hba.conf";
+	open my $hba, '>>', "$pgdata/pg_hba.conf";
 	print $hba "\n# Allow replication (set up by PostgresNode.pm)\n";
 	if ($TestLib::windows_os)
 	{
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ sub init
 		@{ $params{extra} });
 	TestLib::system_or_bail($ENV{PG_REGRESS}, '--config-auth', $pgdata);
 
-	open my $conf, ">>$pgdata/postgresql.conf";
+	open my $conf, '>>', "$pgdata/postgresql.conf";
 	print $conf "\n# Added by PostgresNode.pm\n";
 	print $conf "fsync = off\n";
 	print $conf "log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] %q%a '\n";
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ sub _update_pid
 	# If we can open the PID file, read its first line and that's the PID we
 	# want.  If the file cannot be opened, presumably the server is not
 	# running; don't be noisy in that case.
-	if (open my $pidfile, $self->data_dir . "/postmaster.pid")
+	if (open my $pidfile, '<', $self->data_dir . "/postmaster.pid")
 	{
 		chomp($self->{_pid} = <$pidfile>);
 		print "# Postmaster PID for node \"$name\" is $self->{_pid}\n";
@@ -1357,7 +1357,7 @@ sub lsn
 	chomp($result);
 	if ($result eq '')
 	{
-		return undef;
+		return;
 	}
 	else
 	{

src/test/perl/TestLib.pm

@@ -84,14 +84,14 @@ INIT
 	$test_logfile = basename($0);
 	$test_logfile =~ s/\.[^.]+$//;
 	$test_logfile = "$log_path/regress_log_$test_logfile";
-	open TESTLOG, '>', $test_logfile
+	open my $testlog, '>', $test_logfile
 	  or die "could not open STDOUT to logfile \"$test_logfile\": $!";
 
 	# Hijack STDOUT and STDERR to the log file
-	open(ORIG_STDOUT, ">&STDOUT");
-	open(ORIG_STDERR, ">&STDERR");
-	open(STDOUT,      ">&TESTLOG");
-	open(STDERR,      ">&TESTLOG");
+	open(my $orig_stdout, '>&', \*STDOUT);
+	open(my $orig_stderr, '>&', \*STDERR);
+	open(STDOUT, '>&', $testlog);
+	open(STDERR, '>&', $testlog);
 
 	# The test output (ok ...) needs to be printed to the original STDOUT so
 	# that the 'prove' program can parse it, and display it to the user in
@@ -99,16 +99,16 @@ INIT
 	# in the log.
 	my $builder = Test::More->builder;
 	my $fh      = $builder->output;
-	tie *$fh, "SimpleTee", *ORIG_STDOUT, *TESTLOG;
+	tie *$fh, "SimpleTee", $orig_stdout, $testlog;
 	$fh = $builder->failure_output;
-	tie *$fh, "SimpleTee", *ORIG_STDERR, *TESTLOG;
+	tie *$fh, "SimpleTee", $orig_stderr, $testlog;
 
 	# Enable auto-flushing for all the file handles. Stderr and stdout are
 	# redirected to the same file, and buffering causes the lines to appear
 	# in the log in confusing order.
 	autoflush STDOUT 1;
 	autoflush STDERR 1;
-	autoflush TESTLOG 1;
+	autoflush $testlog 1;
 }
 
 END

src/test/ssl/ServerSetup.pm

@@ -58,21 +58,21 @@ sub configure_test_server_for_ssl
 	$node->psql('postgres', "CREATE DATABASE certdb");
 
 	# enable logging etc.
-	open CONF, ">>$pgdata/postgresql.conf";
-	print CONF "fsync=off\n";
-	print CONF "log_connections=on\n";
-	print CONF "log_hostname=on\n";
-	print CONF "listen_addresses='$serverhost'\n";
-	print CONF "log_statement=all\n";
+	open my $conf, '>>', "$pgdata/postgresql.conf";
+	print $conf "fsync=off\n";
+	print $conf "log_connections=on\n";
+	print $conf "log_hostname=on\n";
+	print $conf "listen_addresses='$serverhost'\n";
+	print $conf "log_statement=all\n";
 
 	# enable SSL and set up server key
-	print CONF "include 'sslconfig.conf'";
+	print $conf "include 'sslconfig.conf'";
 
-	close CONF;
+	close $conf;
 
 	# ssl configuration will be placed here
-	open SSLCONF, ">$pgdata/sslconfig.conf";
-	close SSLCONF;
+	open my $sslconf, '>', "$pgdata/sslconfig.conf";
+	close $sslconf;
 
 	# Copy all server certificates and keys, and client root cert, to the data dir
 	copy_files("ssl/server-*.crt", $pgdata);
@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ sub switch_server_cert
 
 	diag "Reloading server with certfile \"$certfile\" and cafile \"$cafile\"...";
 
-	open SSLCONF, ">$pgdata/sslconfig.conf";
-	print SSLCONF "ssl=on\n";
-	print SSLCONF "ssl_ca_file='$cafile.crt'\n";
-	print SSLCONF "ssl_cert_file='$certfile.crt'\n";
-	print SSLCONF "ssl_key_file='$certfile.key'\n";
-	print SSLCONF "ssl_crl_file='root+client.crl'\n";
-	close SSLCONF;
+	open my $sslconf, '>', "$pgdata/sslconfig.conf";
+	print $sslconf "ssl=on\n";
+	print $sslconf "ssl_ca_file='root+client_ca.crt'\n";
+	print $sslconf "ssl_cert_file='$certfile.crt'\n";
+	print $sslconf "ssl_key_file='$certfile.key'\n";
+	print $sslconf "ssl_crl_file='root+client.crl'\n";
+	close $sslconf;
 
 	$node->reload;
 }
@@ -121,16 +121,16 @@ sub configure_hba_for_ssl
 	# but seems best to keep it as narrow as possible for security reasons.
 	#
 	# When connecting to certdb, also check the client certificate.
-	open HBA, ">$pgdata/pg_hba.conf";
-	print HBA
+	open my $hba, '>', "$pgdata/pg_hba.conf";
+	print $hba
 "# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD\n";
-	print HBA
+	print $hba
 "hostssl trustdb         ssltestuser     $serverhost/32            trust\n";
-	print HBA
+	print $hba
 "hostssl trustdb         ssltestuser     ::1/128                 trust\n";
-	print HBA
+	print $hba
 "hostssl certdb          ssltestuser     $serverhost/32            cert\n";
-	print HBA
+	print $hba
 "hostssl certdb          ssltestuser     ::1/128                 cert\n";
-	close HBA;
+	close $hba;
 }

src/tools/fix-old-flex-code.pl

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ my $filename = shift;
 # Suck in the whole file.
 local $/ = undef;
 my $cfile;
-open($cfile, $filename) || die "opening $filename for reading: $!";
+open($cfile, '<', $filename) || die "opening $filename for reading: $!";
 my $ccode = <$cfile>;
 close($cfile);
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ $ccode =~ s|(struct yyguts_t \* yyg = \(struct yyguts_t\*\)yyscanner; /\* This v
 |s;
 
 # Write the modified file back out.
-open($cfile, ">$filename") || die "opening $filename for writing: $!";
+open($cfile, '>', $filename) || die "opening $filename for writing: $!";
 print $cfile $ccode;
 close($cfile);
 

src/tools/msvc/Install.pm

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ sub Install
 
 		# suppress warning about harmless redeclaration of $config
 		no warnings 'misc';
-		require "config_default.pl";
-		require "config.pl" if (-f "config.pl");
+		do "config_default.pl";
+		do "config.pl" if (-f "config.pl");
 	}
 
 	chdir("../../..")    if (-f "../../../configure");
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ sub GenerateConversionScript
 		$sql .=
 "COMMENT ON CONVERSION pg_catalog.$name IS 'conversion for $se to $de';\n\n";
 	}
-	open($F, ">$target/share/conversion_create.sql")
+	open($F, '>', "$target/share/conversion_create.sql")
 	  || die "Could not write to conversion_create.sql\n";
 	print $F $sql;
 	close($F);
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ sub GenerateTsearchFiles
 	$mf =~ /^LANGUAGES\s*=\s*(.*)$/m
 	  || die "Could not find LANGUAGES line in snowball Makefile\n";
 	my @pieces = split /\s+/, $1;
-	open($F, ">$target/share/snowball_create.sql")
+	open($F, '>', "$target/share/snowball_create.sql")
 	  || die "Could not write snowball_create.sql";
 	print $F read_file('src/backend/snowball/snowball_func.sql.in');
 
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ sub read_file
 	my $t = $/;
 
 	undef $/;
-	open($F, $filename) || die "Could not open file $filename\n";
+	open($F, '<', $filename) || die "Could not open file $filename\n";
 	my $txt = <$F>;
 	close($F);
 	$/ = $t;

src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm

@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ sub GenerateContribSqlFiles
 				$dn   =~ s/\.sql$//;
 				$cont =~ s/MODULE_PATHNAME/\$libdir\/$dn/g;
 				my $o;
-				open($o, ">contrib/$n/$out")
+				open($o, '>', "contrib/$n/$out")
 				  || croak "Could not write to contrib/$n/$d";
 				print $o $cont;
 				close($o);

src/tools/msvc/Project.pm

@@ -310,12 +310,12 @@ sub AddResourceFile
 	if (Solution::IsNewer("$dir/win32ver.rc", 'src/port/win32ver.rc'))
 	{
 		print "Generating win32ver.rc for $dir\n";
-		open(I, 'src/port/win32ver.rc')
+		open(my $i, '<', 'src/port/win32ver.rc')
 		  || confess "Could not open win32ver.rc";
-		open(O, ">$dir/win32ver.rc")
+		open(my $o, '>', "$dir/win32ver.rc")
 		  || confess "Could not write win32ver.rc";
 		my $icostr = $ico ? "IDI_ICON ICON \"src/port/$ico.ico\"" : "";
-		while (<I>)
+		while (<$i>)
 		{
 			s/FILEDESC/"$desc"/gm;
 			s/_ICO_/$icostr/gm;
@@ -324,11 +324,11 @@ sub AddResourceFile
 			{
 				s/VFT_APP/VFT_DLL/gm;
 			}
-			print O;
+			print $o $_;
 		}
+		close($o);
+		close($i);
 	}
-	close(O);
-	close(I);
 	$self->AddFile("$dir/win32ver.rc");
 }
 
@@ -357,13 +357,13 @@ sub Save
 	$self->DisableLinkerWarnings('4197') if ($self->{platform} eq 'x64');
 
 	# Dump the project
-	open(F, ">$self->{name}$self->{filenameExtension}")
+	open(my $f, '>', "$self->{name}$self->{filenameExtension}")
 	  || croak(
 		"Could not write to $self->{name}$self->{filenameExtension}\n");
-	$self->WriteHeader(*F);
-	$self->WriteFiles(*F);
-	$self->Footer(*F);
-	close(F);
+	$self->WriteHeader($f);
+	$self->WriteFiles($f);
+	$self->Footer($f);
+	close($f);
 }
 
 sub GetAdditionalLinkerDependencies
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ sub read_file
 	my $t = $/;
 
 	undef $/;
-	open($F, $filename) || croak "Could not open file $filename\n";
+	open($F, '<', $filename) || croak "Could not open file $filename\n";
 	my $txt = <$F>;
 	close($F);
 	$/ = $t;
@@ -412,8 +412,8 @@ sub read_makefile
 	my $t = $/;
 
 	undef $/;
-	open($F, "$reldir/GNUmakefile")
-	  || open($F, "$reldir/Makefile")
+	open($F, '<', "$reldir/GNUmakefile")
+	  || open($F, '<', "$reldir/Makefile")
 	  || confess "Could not open $reldir/Makefile\n";
 	my $txt = <$F>;
 	close($F);

src/tools/msvc/Solution.pm

@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ sub IsNewer
 sub copyFile
 {
 	my ($src, $dest) = @_;
-	open(I, $src)     || croak "Could not open $src";
-	open(O, ">$dest") || croak "Could not open $dest";
-	while (<I>)
+	open(my $i, '<', $src)  || croak "Could not open $src";
+	open(my $o, '>', $dest) || croak "Could not open $dest";
+	while (<$i>)
 	{
-		print O;
+		print $o $_;
 	}
-	close(I);
-	close(O);
+	close($i);
+	close($o);
 }
 
 sub GenerateFiles
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ sub GenerateFiles
 	my $bits = $self->{platform} eq 'Win32' ? 32 : 64;
 
 	# Parse configure.in to get version numbers
-	open(C, "configure.in")
+	open(my $c, '<', "configure.in")
 	  || confess("Could not open configure.in for reading\n");
-	while (<C>)
+	while (<$c>)
 	{
 		if (/^AC_INIT\(\[PostgreSQL\], \[([^\]]+)\]/)
 		{
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ sub GenerateFiles
 			$self->{majorver} = sprintf("%d", $1);
 		}
 	}
-	close(C);
+	close($c);
 	confess "Unable to parse configure.in for all variables!"
 	  if ($self->{strver} eq '' || $self->{numver} eq '');
 
@@ -146,91 +146,91 @@ sub GenerateFiles
 	if (IsNewer("src/include/pg_config.h", "src/include/pg_config.h.win32"))
 	{
 		print "Generating pg_config.h...\n";
-		open(I, "src/include/pg_config.h.win32")
+		open(my $i, '<', "src/include/pg_config.h.win32")
 		  || confess "Could not open pg_config.h.win32\n";
-		open(O, ">src/include/pg_config.h")
+		open(my $o, '>', "src/include/pg_config.h")
 		  || confess "Could not write to pg_config.h\n";
 		my $extraver = $self->{options}->{extraver};
 		$extraver = '' unless defined $extraver;
-		while (<I>)
+		while (<$i>)
 		{
 			s{PG_VERSION "[^"]+"}{PG_VERSION "$self->{strver}$extraver"};
 			s{PG_VERSION_NUM \d+}{PG_VERSION_NUM $self->{numver}};
 s{PG_VERSION_STR "[^"]+"}{__STRINGIFY(x) #x\n#define __STRINGIFY2(z) __STRINGIFY(z)\n#define PG_VERSION_STR "PostgreSQL $self->{strver}$extraver, compiled by Visual C++ build " __STRINGIFY2(_MSC_VER) ", $bits-bit"};
-			print O;
+			print $o $_;
 		}
-		print O "#define PG_MAJORVERSION \"$self->{majorver}\"\n";
-		print O "#define LOCALEDIR \"/share/locale\"\n"
+		print $o "#define PG_MAJORVERSION \"$self->{majorver}\"\n";
+		print $o "#define LOCALEDIR \"/share/locale\"\n"
 		  if ($self->{options}->{nls});
-		print O "/* defines added by config steps */\n";
-		print O "#ifndef IGNORE_CONFIGURED_SETTINGS\n";
-		print O "#define USE_ASSERT_CHECKING 1\n"
+		print $o "/* defines added by config steps */\n";
+		print $o "#ifndef IGNORE_CONFIGURED_SETTINGS\n";
+		print $o "#define USE_ASSERT_CHECKING 1\n"
 		  if ($self->{options}->{asserts});
-		print O "#define USE_LDAP 1\n"    if ($self->{options}->{ldap});
-		print O "#define HAVE_LIBZ 1\n"   if ($self->{options}->{zlib});
-		print O "#define USE_OPENSSL 1\n" if ($self->{options}->{openssl});
-		print O "#define ENABLE_NLS 1\n"  if ($self->{options}->{nls});
+		print $o "#define USE_LDAP 1\n"    if ($self->{options}->{ldap});
+		print $o "#define HAVE_LIBZ 1\n"   if ($self->{options}->{zlib});
+		print $o "#define USE_OPENSSL 1\n" if ($self->{options}->{openssl});
+		print $o "#define ENABLE_NLS 1\n"  if ($self->{options}->{nls});
 
-		print O "#define BLCKSZ ", 1024 * $self->{options}->{blocksize}, "\n";
-		print O "#define RELSEG_SIZE ",
+		print $o "#define BLCKSZ ", 1024 * $self->{options}->{blocksize}, "\n";
+		print $o "#define RELSEG_SIZE ",
 		  (1024 / $self->{options}->{blocksize}) *
 		  $self->{options}->{segsize} *
 		  1024, "\n";
-		print O "#define XLOG_BLCKSZ ",
+		print $o "#define XLOG_BLCKSZ ",
 		  1024 * $self->{options}->{wal_blocksize}, "\n";
-		print O "#define XLOG_SEG_SIZE (", $self->{options}->{wal_segsize},
+		print $o "#define XLOG_SEG_SIZE (", $self->{options}->{wal_segsize},
 		  " * 1024 * 1024)\n";
 
 		if ($self->{options}->{float4byval})
 		{
-			print O "#define USE_FLOAT4_BYVAL 1\n";
-			print O "#define FLOAT4PASSBYVAL true\n";
+			print $o "#define USE_FLOAT4_BYVAL 1\n";
+			print $o "#define FLOAT4PASSBYVAL true\n";
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			print O "#define FLOAT4PASSBYVAL false\n";
+			print $o "#define FLOAT4PASSBYVAL false\n";
 		}
 		if ($self->{options}->{float8byval})
 		{
-			print O "#define USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL 1\n";
-			print O "#define FLOAT8PASSBYVAL true\n";
+			print $o "#define USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL 1\n";
+			print $o "#define FLOAT8PASSBYVAL true\n";
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			print O "#define FLOAT8PASSBYVAL false\n";
+			print $o "#define FLOAT8PASSBYVAL false\n";
 		}
 
 		if ($self->{options}->{uuid})
 		{
-			print O "#define HAVE_UUID_OSSP\n";
-			print O "#define HAVE_UUID_H\n";
+			print $o "#define HAVE_UUID_OSSP\n";
+			print $o "#define HAVE_UUID_H\n";
 		}
 		if ($self->{options}->{xml})
 		{
-			print O "#define HAVE_LIBXML2\n";
-			print O "#define USE_LIBXML\n";
+			print $o "#define HAVE_LIBXML2\n";
+			print $o "#define USE_LIBXML\n";
 		}
 		if ($self->{options}->{xslt})
 		{
-			print O "#define HAVE_LIBXSLT\n";
-			print O "#define USE_LIBXSLT\n";
+			print $o "#define HAVE_LIBXSLT\n";
+			print $o "#define USE_LIBXSLT\n";
 		}
 		if ($self->{options}->{gss})
 		{
-			print O "#define ENABLE_GSS 1\n";
+			print $o "#define ENABLE_GSS 1\n";
 		}
 		if (my $port = $self->{options}->{"--with-pgport"})
 		{
-			print O "#undef DEF_PGPORT\n";
-			print O "#undef DEF_PGPORT_STR\n";
-			print O "#define DEF_PGPORT $port\n";
-			print O "#define DEF_PGPORT_STR \"$port\"\n";
+			print $o "#undef DEF_PGPORT\n";
+			print $o "#undef DEF_PGPORT_STR\n";
+			print $o "#define DEF_PGPORT $port\n";
+			print $o "#define DEF_PGPORT_STR \"$port\"\n";
 		}
-		print O "#define VAL_CONFIGURE \""
+		print $o "#define VAL_CONFIGURE \""
 		  . $self->GetFakeConfigure() . "\"\n";
-		print O "#endif /* IGNORE_CONFIGURED_SETTINGS */\n";
-		close(O);
-		close(I);
+		print $o "#endif /* IGNORE_CONFIGURED_SETTINGS */\n";
+		close($o);
+		close($i);
 	}
 
 	if (IsNewer(
@@ -379,17 +379,17 @@ s{PG_VERSION_STR "[^"]+"}{__STRINGIFY(x) #x\n#define __STRINGIFY2(z) __STRINGIFY
 		my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday, $isdst) =
 		  localtime(time);
 		my $d = ($year - 100) . "$yday";
-		open(I, '<', 'src/interfaces/libpq/libpq.rc.in')
+		open(my $i, '<', 'src/interfaces/libpq/libpq.rc.in')
 		  || confess "Could not open libpq.rc.in";
-		open(O, '>', 'src/interfaces/libpq/libpq.rc')
+		open(my $o, '>', 'src/interfaces/libpq/libpq.rc')
 		  || confess "Could not open libpq.rc";
-		while (<I>)
+		while (<$i>)
 		{
 			s/(VERSION.*),0/$1,$d/;
-			print O;
+			print $o;
 		}
-		close(I);
-		close(O);
+		close($i);
+		close($o);
 	}
 
 	if (IsNewer('src/bin/psql/sql_help.h', 'src/bin/psql/create_help.pl'))
@@ -415,23 +415,23 @@ s{PG_VERSION_STR "[^"]+"}{__STRINGIFY(x) #x\n#define __STRINGIFY2(z) __STRINGIFY
 			'src/interfaces/ecpg/include/ecpg_config.h.in'))
 	{
 		print "Generating ecpg_config.h...\n";
-		open(O, '>', 'src/interfaces/ecpg/include/ecpg_config.h')
+		open(my $o, '>', 'src/interfaces/ecpg/include/ecpg_config.h')
 		  || confess "Could not open ecpg_config.h";
-		print O <<EOF;
+		print $o <<EOF;
 #if (_MSC_VER > 1200)
 #define HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64
 #define ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY 1
 EOF
-		print O "#endif\n";
-		close(O);
+		print $o "#endif\n";
+		close($o);
 	}
 
 	unless (-f "src/port/pg_config_paths.h")
 	{
 		print "Generating pg_config_paths.h...\n";
-		open(O, '>', 'src/port/pg_config_paths.h')
+		open(my $o, '>', 'src/port/pg_config_paths.h')
 		  || confess "Could not open pg_config_paths.h";
-		print O <<EOF;
+		print $o <<EOF;
 #define PGBINDIR "/bin"
 #define PGSHAREDIR "/share"
 #define SYSCONFDIR "/etc"
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ EOF
 #define HTMLDIR "/doc"
 #define MANDIR "/man"
 EOF
-		close(O);
+		close($o);
 	}
 
 	my $mf = Project::read_file('src/backend/catalog/Makefile');
@@ -474,13 +474,13 @@ EOF
 		}
 	}
 
-	open(O, ">doc/src/sgml/version.sgml")
+	open(my $o, '>', "doc/src/sgml/version.sgml")
 	  || croak "Could not write to version.sgml\n";
-	print O <<EOF;
+	print $o <<EOF;
 <!ENTITY version "$self->{strver}">
 <!ENTITY majorversion "$self->{majorver}">
 EOF
-	close(O);
+	close($o);
 }
 
 sub GenerateDefFile
@@ -490,18 +490,18 @@ sub GenerateDefFile
 	if (IsNewer($deffile, $txtfile))
 	{
 		print "Generating $deffile...\n";
-		open(I, $txtfile)    || confess("Could not open $txtfile\n");
-		open(O, ">$deffile") || confess("Could not open $deffile\n");
-		print O "LIBRARY $libname\nEXPORTS\n";
-		while (<I>)
+		open(my $if, '<', $txtfile) || confess("Could not open $txtfile\n");
+		open(my $of, '>', $deffile) || confess("Could not open $deffile\n");
+		print $of "LIBRARY $libname\nEXPORTS\n";
+		while (<$if>)
 		{
 			next if (/^#/);
 			next if (/^\s*$/);
 			my ($f, $o) = split;
-			print O " $f @ $o\n";
+			print $of " $f @ $o\n";
 		}
-		close(O);
-		close(I);
+		close($of);
+		close($if);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -575,19 +575,19 @@ sub Save
 		}
 	}
 
-	open(SLN, ">pgsql.sln") || croak "Could not write to pgsql.sln\n";
-	print SLN <<EOF;
+	open(my $sln, '>', "pgsql.sln") || croak "Could not write to pgsql.sln\n";
+	print $sln <<EOF;
 Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version $self->{solutionFileVersion}
 # $self->{visualStudioName}
 EOF
 
-	print SLN $self->GetAdditionalHeaders();
+	print $sln $self->GetAdditionalHeaders();
 
 	foreach my $fld (keys %{ $self->{projects} })
 	{
 		foreach my $proj (@{ $self->{projects}->{$fld} })
 		{
-			print SLN <<EOF;
+			print $sln <<EOF;
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "$proj->{name}", "$proj->{name}$proj->{filenameExtension}", "$proj->{guid}"
 EndProject
 EOF
@@ -595,14 +595,14 @@ EOF
 		if ($fld ne "")
 		{
 			$flduid{$fld} = Win32::GuidGen();
-			print SLN <<EOF;
+			print $sln <<EOF;
 Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "$fld", "$fld", "$flduid{$fld}"
 EndProject
 EOF
 		}
 	}
 
-	print SLN <<EOF;
+	print $sln <<EOF;
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|$self->{platform}= Debug|$self->{platform}
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ EOF
 	{
 		foreach my $proj (@{ $self->{projects}->{$fld} })
 		{
-			print SLN <<EOF;
+			print $sln <<EOF;
 		$proj->{guid}.Debug|$self->{platform}.ActiveCfg = Debug|$self->{platform}
 		$proj->{guid}.Debug|$self->{platform}.Build.0  = Debug|$self->{platform}
 		$proj->{guid}.Release|$self->{platform}.ActiveCfg = Release|$self->{platform}
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ EOF
 		}
 	}
 
-	print SLN <<EOF;
+	print $sln <<EOF;
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
@@ -637,15 +637,15 @@ EOF
 		next if ($fld eq "");
 		foreach my $proj (@{ $self->{projects}->{$fld} })
 		{
-			print SLN "\t\t$proj->{guid} = $flduid{$fld}\n";
+			print $sln "\t\t$proj->{guid} = $flduid{$fld}\n";
 		}
 	}
 
-	print SLN <<EOF;
+	print $sln <<EOF;
 	EndGlobalSection
 EndGlobal
 EOF
-	close(SLN);
+	close($sln);
 }
 
 sub GetFakeConfigure

src/tools/msvc/build.pl

@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@ use Mkvcbuild;
 
 if (-e "src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl")
 {
-	require "src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl";
+	do "src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl";
 }
 elsif (-e "./buildenv.pl")
 {
-	require "./buildenv.pl";
+	do "./buildenv.pl";
 }
 
 # set up the project
 our $config;
-require "config_default.pl";
-require "config.pl" if (-f "src/tools/msvc/config.pl");
+do "config_default.pl";
+do "config.pl" if (-f "src/tools/msvc/config.pl");
 
 my $vcver = Mkvcbuild::mkvcbuild($config);
 

src/tools/msvc/builddoc.pl

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir '../../..' if (-d '../msvc' && -d '../../../src');
 
 noversion() unless -e 'doc/src/sgml/version.sgml';
 
-require 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl' if -e 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl';
+do 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl' if -e 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl';
 
 my $docroot = $ENV{DOCROOT};
 die "bad DOCROOT '$docroot'" unless ($docroot && -d $docroot);

src/tools/msvc/gendef.pl

@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ sub dumpsyms
 sub extract_syms
 {
 	my ($symfile, $def) = @_;
-	open(F, "<$symfile") || die "Could not open $symfile for $_\n";
-	while (<F>)
+	open(my $f, '<', $symfile) || die "Could not open $symfile for $_\n";
+	while (<$f>)
 	{
 
 	# Expected symbol lines look like:
@@ -115,14 +115,14 @@ sub extract_syms
 		# whatever came last.
 		$def->{ $pieces[6] } = $pieces[3];
 	}
-	close(F);
+	close($f);
 }
 
 sub writedef
 {
 	my ($deffile, $platform, $def) = @_;
-	open(DEF, ">$deffile") || die "Could not write to $deffile\n";
-	print DEF "EXPORTS\n";
+	open(my $fh, '>', $deffile) || die "Could not write to $deffile\n";
+	print $fh "EXPORTS\n";
 	foreach my $f (sort keys %{$def})
 	{
 		my $isdata = $def->{$f} eq 'data';
@@ -135,14 +135,14 @@ sub writedef
 		# decorated with the DATA option for variables.
 		if ($isdata)
 		{
-			print DEF "  $f DATA\n";
+			print $fh "  $f DATA\n";
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			print DEF "  $f\n";
+			print $fh "  $f\n";
 		}
 	}
-	close(DEF);
+	close($fh);
 }
 
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ print "Generating $defname.DEF from directory $ARGV[0], platform $platform\n";
 
 my %def = ();
 
-while (<$ARGV[0]/*.obj>)
+while (<$ARGV[0]/*.obj>)  ## no critic (RequireGlobFunction);
 {
 	my $objfile = $_;
 	my $symfile = $objfile;

src/tools/msvc/install.pl

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ use Install qw(Install);
 
 if (-e "src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl")
 {
-	require "src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl";
+	do "src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl";
 }
 elsif (-e "./buildenv.pl")
 {
-	require "./buildenv.pl";
+	do "./buildenv.pl";
 }
 
 my $target = shift || Usage();

src/tools/msvc/mkvcbuild.pl

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ print "Warning: no config.pl found, using default.\n"
   unless (-f 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl');
 
 our $config;
-require 'src/tools/msvc/config_default.pl';
-require 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl' if (-f 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl');
+do 'src/tools/msvc/config_default.pl';
+do 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl' if (-f 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl');
 
 Mkvcbuild::mkvcbuild($config);

src/tools/msvc/pgbison.pl

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use File::Basename;
 
 # assume we are in the postgres source root
 
-require 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl' if -e 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl';
+do 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl' if -e 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl';
 
 my ($bisonver) = `bison -V`;    # grab first line
 $bisonver = (split(/\s+/, $bisonver))[3];    # grab version number
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ $output =~ s/gram\.c$/pl_gram.c/ if $input =~ /src.pl.plpgsql.src.gram\.y$/;
 
 my $makefile = dirname($input) . "/Makefile";
 my ($mf, $make);
-open($mf, $makefile);
+open($mf, '<', $makefile);
 local $/ = undef;
 $make = <$mf>;
 close($mf);

src/tools/msvc/pgflex.pl

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ $ENV{CYGWIN} = 'nodosfilewarning';
 
 # assume we are in the postgres source root
 
-require 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl' if -e 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl';
+do 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl' if -e 'src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl';
 
 my ($flexver) = `flex -V`;    # grab first line
 $flexver = (split(/\s+/, $flexver))[1];
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ elsif (!-e $input)
 # get flex flags from make file
 my $makefile = dirname($input) . "/Makefile";
 my ($mf, $make);
-open($mf, $makefile);
+open($mf, '<', $makefile);
 local $/ = undef;
 $make = <$mf>;
 close($mf);
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ if ($? == 0)
 {
 	# Check for "%option reentrant" in .l file.
 	my $lfile;
-	open($lfile, $input) || die "opening $input for reading: $!";
+	open($lfile, '<', $input) || die "opening $input for reading: $!";
 	my $lcode = <$lfile>;
 	close($lfile);
 	if ($lcode =~ /\%option\sreentrant/)
@@ -69,18 +69,18 @@ if ($? == 0)
 		# For reentrant scanners (like the core scanner) we do not
 		# need to (and must not) change the yywrap definition.
 		my $cfile;
-		open($cfile, $output) || die "opening $output for reading: $!";
+		open($cfile, '<', $output) || die "opening $output for reading: $!";
 		my $ccode = <$cfile>;
 		close($cfile);
 		$ccode =~ s/yywrap\(n\)/yywrap()/;
-		open($cfile, ">$output") || die "opening $output for writing: $!";
+		open($cfile, '>', $output) || die "opening $output for writing: $!";
 		print $cfile $ccode;
 		close($cfile);
 	}
 	if ($flexflags =~ /\s-b\s/)
 	{
 		my $lexback = "lex.backup";
-		open($lfile, $lexback) || die "opening $lexback for reading: $!";
+		open($lfile, '<', $lexback) || die "opening $lexback for reading: $!";
 		my $lexbacklines = <$lfile>;
 		close($lfile);
 		my $linecount = $lexbacklines =~ tr /\n/\n/;

src/tools/msvc/vcregress.pl

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ chdir "../../.." if (-d "../../../src/tools/msvc");
 my $topdir         = getcwd();
 my $tmp_installdir = "$topdir/tmp_install";
 
-require 'src/tools/msvc/config_default.pl';
-require 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl' if (-f 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl');
+do 'src/tools/msvc/config_default.pl';
+do 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl' if (-f 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl');
 
 # buildenv.pl is for specifying the build environment settings
 # it should contain lines like:
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ require 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl' if (-f 'src/tools/msvc/config.pl');
 
 if (-e "src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl")
 {
-	require "src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl";
+	do "src/tools/msvc/buildenv.pl";
 }
 
 my $what = shift || "";
@@ -505,8 +505,8 @@ sub upgradecheck
 sub fetchRegressOpts
 {
 	my $handle;
-	open($handle, "<GNUmakefile")
-	  || open($handle, "<Makefile")
+	open($handle, '<', "GNUmakefile")
+	  || open($handle, '<', "Makefile")
 	  || die "Could not open Makefile";
 	local ($/) = undef;
 	my $m = <$handle>;
@@ -521,8 +521,9 @@ sub fetchRegressOpts
 		# an unhandled variable reference.  Ignore anything that isn't an
 		# option starting with "--".
 		@opts = grep {
-			s/\Q$(top_builddir)\E/\"$topdir\"/;
-			$_ !~ /\$\(/ && $_ =~ /^--/
+			my $x = $_;
+			$x =~ s/\Q$(top_builddir)\E/\"$topdir\"/;
+			$x !~ /\$\(/ && $x =~ /^--/
 		} split(/\s+/, $1);
 	}
 	if ($m =~ /^\s*ENCODING\s*=\s*(\S+)/m)
@@ -540,8 +541,8 @@ sub fetchTests
 {
 
 	my $handle;
-	open($handle, "<GNUmakefile")
-	  || open($handle, "<Makefile")
+	open($handle, '<', "GNUmakefile")
+	  || open($handle, '<', "Makefile")
 	  || die "Could not open Makefile";
 	local ($/) = undef;
 	my $m = <$handle>;

src/tools/pginclude/pgcheckdefines

@@ -42,25 +42,25 @@ my $MAKE = "make";
 #
 my (@cfiles, @hfiles);
 
-open PIPE, "$FIND * -type f -name '*.c' |"
+open my $pipe, '-|', "$FIND * -type f -name '*.c'"
   or die "can't fork: $!";
-while (<PIPE>)
+while (<$pipe>)
 {
 	chomp;
 	push @cfiles, $_;
 }
-close PIPE or die "$FIND failed: $!";
+close $pipe or die "$FIND failed: $!";
 
-open PIPE, "$FIND * -type f -name '*.h' |"
+open $pipe, '-|', "$FIND * -type f -name '*.h'"
   or die "can't fork: $!";
-while (<PIPE>)
+while (<$pipe>)
 {
 	chomp;
 	push @hfiles, $_
 	  unless m|^src/include/port/|
 		  || m|^src/backend/port/\w+/|;
 }
-close PIPE or die "$FIND failed: $!";
+close $pipe or die "$FIND failed: $!";
 
 #
 # For each .h file, extract all the symbols it #define's, and add them to
@@ -71,16 +71,16 @@ my %defines;
 
 foreach my $hfile (@hfiles)
 {
-	open HFILE, $hfile
+	open my $fh, '<', $hfile
 	  or die "can't open $hfile: $!";
-	while (<HFILE>)
+	while (<$fh>)
 	{
 		if (m/^\s*#\s*define\s+(\w+)/)
 		{
 			$defines{$1}{$hfile} = 1;
 		}
 	}
-	close HFILE;
+	close $fh;
 }
 
 #
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ foreach my $file (@hfiles, @cfiles)
 
 	my ($CPPFLAGS, $CFLAGS, $CFLAGS_SL, $PTHREAD_CFLAGS, $CC);
 
-	open PIPE, "$MAKECMD |"
+	open $pipe, '-|', "$MAKECMD"
 	  or die "can't fork: $!";
-	while (<PIPE>)
+	while (<$pipe>)
 	{
 		if (m/^CPPFLAGS :?= (.*)/)
 		{
@@ -166,9 +166,9 @@ foreach my $file (@hfiles, @cfiles)
 	#
 	my @includes = ();
 	my $COMPILE  = "$CC $CPPFLAGS $CFLAGS -H -E $fname";
-	open PIPE, "$COMPILE 2>&1 >/dev/null |"
+	open $pipe, '-|', "$COMPILE 2>&1 >/dev/null"
 	  or die "can't fork: $!";
-	while (<PIPE>)
+	while (<$pipe>)
 	{
 		if (m/^\.+ (.*)/)
 		{
@@ -211,10 +211,10 @@ foreach my $file (@hfiles, @cfiles)
 	# We assume #ifdef isn't continued across lines, and that defined(foo)
 	# isn't split across lines either
 	#
-	open FILE, $fname
+	open my $fh, '<', $fname
 	  or die "can't open $file: $!";
 	my $inif = 0;
-	while (<FILE>)
+	while (<$fh>)
 	{
 		my $line = $_;
 		if ($line =~ m/^\s*#\s*ifdef\s+(\w+)/)
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ foreach my $file (@hfiles, @cfiles)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	close FILE;
+	close $fh;
 
 	chdir $topdir or die "can't chdir to $topdir: $!";
 }

src/tools/pgindent/pgindent

@@ -159,8 +159,7 @@ sub process_exclude
 		while (my $line = <$eh>)
 		{
 			chomp $line;
-			my $rgx;
-			eval " \$rgx = qr!$line!;";
+			my $rgx = qr!$line!;
 			@files = grep { $_ !~ /$rgx/ } @files if $rgx;
 		}
 		close($eh);
@@ -435,7 +434,7 @@ sub diff
 
 sub run_build
 {
-	eval "use LWP::Simple;";
+	eval "use LWP::Simple;";  ## no critic (ProhibitStringyEval);
 
 	my $code_base = shift || '.';
 	my $save_dir = getcwd();

src/tools/version_stamp.pl

@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ my $padnumericversion = sprintf("%d%04d", $majorversion, $numericminor);
 # (this also ensures we're in the right directory)
 
 my $aconfver = "";
-open(FILE, "configure.in") || die "could not read configure.in: $!\n";
-while (<FILE>)
+open(my $fh, '<', "configure.in") || die "could not read configure.in: $!\n";
+while (<$fh>)
 {
 	if (
 m/^m4_if\(m4_defn\(\[m4_PACKAGE_VERSION\]\), \[(.*)\], \[\], \[m4_fatal/)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ m/^m4_if\(m4_defn\(\[m4_PACKAGE_VERSION\]\), \[(.*)\], \[\], \[m4_fatal/)
 		last;
 	}
 }
-close(FILE);
+close($fh);
 $aconfver ne ""
   || die "could not find autoconf version number in configure.in\n";
 

src/tools/win32tzlist.pl

@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ $basekey->Close();
 # Fetch all timezones currently in the file
 #
 my @file_zones;
-open(TZFILE, "<$tzfile") or die "Could not open $tzfile!\n";
+open(my $tzfh, '<', $tzfile) or die "Could not open $tzfile!\n";
 my $t = $/;
 undef $/;
-my $pgtz = <TZFILE>;
-close(TZFILE);
+my $pgtz = <$tzfh>;
+close($tzfh);
 $/ = $t;
 
 # Attempt to locate and extract the complete win32_tzmap struct